scholarly journals Growth, differentiation and death of Vibrio shiloi in coral tissue as a function of seawater temperature

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Israely ◽  
E Banin ◽  
E Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Vibrio Shiloi

scholarly journals Warm seawater temperature promotes substrate colonization by the blue coral, Heliopora coerulea

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Guzman ◽  
Michael Atrigenio ◽  
Chuya Shinzato ◽  
Porfirio Aliño ◽  
Cecilia Conaco
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Growth Margin

Background Heliopora coerulea, the blue coral, is a reef building octocoral that is reported to have a higher optimum temperature for growth compared to most scleractinian corals. This octocoral has been observed to grow over both live and dead scleractinians and to dominate certain reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. The molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of H. coerulea to tolerate warmer seawater temperatures and to effectively compete for space on the substrate remain to be elucidated. Methods In this study, we subjected H. coerulea colonies to various temperatures for up to 3 weeks. The growth and photosynthetic efficiency rates of the coral colonies were measured. We then conducted pairwise comparisons of gene expression among the different coral tissue regions to identify genes and pathways that are expressed under different temperature conditions. Results A horizontal growth rate of 1.13 ± 0.25 mm per week was observed for corals subjected to 28 or 31 °C. This growth rate was significantly higher compared to corals exposed at 26 °C. This new growth was characterized by the extension of whitish tissue at the edges of the colony and was enriched for a matrix metallopeptidase, a calcium and integrin binding protein, and other transcripts with unknown function. Tissues at the growth margin and the adjacent calcified encrusting region were enriched for transcripts related to proline and riboflavin metabolism, nitrogen utilization, and organic cation transport. The calcified digitate regions, on the other hand, were enriched for transcripts encoding proteins involved in cell-matrix adhesion, translation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, photosynthesis, and ion transport. Functions related to lipid biosynthesis, extracellular matrix formation, cell migration, and oxidation-reduction processes were enriched at the growth margin in corals subjected for 3 weeks to 28 or 31 °C relative to corals at 26 °C. In the digitate region of the coral, transcripts encoding proteins that protect against oxidative stress, modify cell membrane composition, and mediate intercellular signaling pathways were enriched after just 24 h of exposure to 31 °C compared to corals at 28 °C. The overall downregulation of gene expression observed after 3 weeks of sustained exposure to 31 °C is likely compensated by symbiont metabolism. Discussion These findings reveal that the different regions of H. coerulea have variable gene expression profiles and responses to temperature variation. Under warmer conditions, the blue coral invests cellular resources toward extracellular matrix formation and cellular migration at the colony margins, which may promote rapid tissue growth and extension. This mechanism enables the coral to colonize adjacent reef substrates and successfully overgrow slower growing scleractinian corals that may already be more vulnerable to warming ocean waters.

scholarly journals Penetration of the Coral-Bleaching BacteriumVibrio shiloi into Oculina patagonica

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3031-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Banin ◽  
T. Israely ◽  
A. Kushmaro ◽  
Y. Loya ◽  
E. Orr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
A Value ◽  
Vibrio Shiloi ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Inoculation of the coral-bleaching bacterium Vibrio shiloi into seawater containing its host Oculina patagonica led to adhesion of the bacteria to the coral surface via a β-d-galactose receptor, followed by penetration of the bacteria into the coral tissue. The internalized V. shiloi cells were observed inside the exodermal layer of the coral by electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using specific anti-V. shiloi antibodies to stain the intracellular bacteria. At 29�C, 80% of the bacteria bound to the coral within 8 h. Penetration, measured by the viable count (gentamicin invasion assay) inside the coral tissue, was 5.6, 20.9, and 21.7% of the initial inoculum at 8, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The viable count in the coral tissue decreased to 5.3% at 48 h, and none could be detected at 72 h. Determination of V. shiloi total counts (using the anti-V. shiloiantibodies) in the coral tissue showed results similar to viable counts for the first 12 h of infection. After 12 h, however, the total count more than doubled from 12 to 24 h and continued to rise, reaching a value 6 times that of the initial inoculum at 72 h. Thus, the intracellular V. shiloi organisms were transformed into a form that could multiply inside the coral tissue but did not form colonies on agar medium. Internalization of the bacteria was accompanied by the production of high concentrations of V. shiloi toxin P activity in the coral tissue. Internalization and multiplication of V. shiloi are discussed in terms of the mechanism of bacterial bleaching of corals.

Predicting cold-water bleaching in corals: role of temperature, and potential integration of light exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
PC González-Espinosa ◽  
SD Donner
Keyword(s):  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Type I

Warm-water growth and survival of corals are constrained by a set of environmental conditions such as temperature, light, nutrient levels and salinity. Water temperatures of 1 to 2°C above the usual summer maximum can trigger a phenomenon known as coral bleaching, whereby disruption of the symbiosis between coral and dinoflagellate micro-algae, living within the coral tissue, reveals the white skeleton of coral. Anomalously cold water can also lead to coral bleaching but has been the subject of limited research. Although cold-water bleaching events are less common, they can produce similar impacts on coral reefs as warm-water events. In this study, we explored the effect of temperature and light on the likelihood of cold-water coral bleaching from 1998-2017 using available bleaching observations from the Eastern Tropical Pacific and the Florida Keys. Using satellite-derived sea surface temperature, photosynthetically available radiation and light attenuation data, cold temperature and light exposure metrics were developed and then tested against the bleaching observations using logistic regression. The results show that cold-water bleaching can be best predicted with an accumulated cold-temperature metric, i.e. ‘degree cooling weeks’, analogous to the heat stress metric ‘degree heating weeks’, with high accuracy (90%) and fewer Type I and Type II errors in comparison with other models. Although light, when also considered, improved prediction accuracy, we found that the most reliable framework for cold-water bleaching prediction may be based solely on cold-temperature exposure.

Endolithic community composition of Orbicella faveolata (Scleractinia) underneath the interface between coral tissue and turf algae

Coral Reefs ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gutiérrez-Isaza ◽  
J. Espinoza-Avalos ◽  
H. P. León-Tejera ◽  
D. González-Solís
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Turf Algae ◽  
Orbicella Faveolata ◽  
Endolithic Community

scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of a Multistage Flash Desalination System

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yun Huang ◽  
Ai-Peng Jiang ◽  
Han-Yu Zhang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yu-Dong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Simultaneous Solution ◽  
Time Optimal

As the leading thermal desalination method, multistage flash (MSF) desalination plays an important role in obtaining freshwater. Its dynamic modeling and dynamic performance prediction are quite important for the optimal control, real-time optimal operation, maintenance, and fault diagnosis of MSF plants. In this study, a detailed mathematical model of the MSF system, based on the first principle and its treatment strategy, was established to obtain transient performance change quickly. Firstly, the whole MSF system was divided into four parts, which are brine heat exchanger, flashing stage room, mixed and split modulate, and physical parameter modulate. Secondly, based on mass, energy, and momentum conservation laws, the dynamic correlation equations were formulated and then put together for a simultaneous solution. Next, with the established model, the performance of a brine-recirculation (BR)-MSF plant with 16-stage flash chambers was simulated and compared for validation. Finally, with the validated model and the simultaneous solution method, dynamic simulation and analysis were carried out to respond to the dynamic change of feed seawater temperature, feed seawater concentration, recycle stream mass flow rate, and steam temperature. The dynamic response curves of TBT (top brine temperature), BBT (bottom brine temperature), the temperature of flashing brine at previous stages, and distillate mass flow rate at previous stages were obtained, which specifically reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system. The presented dynamic model and its treatment can provide better analysis for the real-time optimal operation and control of the MSF system to achieve lower operational cost and more stable freshwater quality.

Seawater-temperature and UV-radiation interaction modifies oxygen consumption, digestive process and growth of an intertidal fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roberto García-Huidobro ◽  
Marcela Aldana ◽  
Cristian Duarte ◽  
Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón ◽  
José Pulgar
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Digestive Process ◽  
Intertidal Fish
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