Increase in phytoplankton production and consumption in response to a typhoon passing through the southern East China Sea

The northwestern Pacific Ocean and East China Sea (ECS) are frequently affected by typhoons during the summer period. To identify changes in production and consumption rates of phytoplankton (<20 and 20~200 µm) affected by Typhoon Maria (9-10 July 2018), 2 sampling periods were compared: a pre-typhoon cruise (4-9 July 2018) and a post-typhoon cruise (13-17 July 2018). Results showed that <20 and 20~200 µm phytoplankton production was 14- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, in the post-typhoon period compared to the pre-typhoon. Accompanying this post-typhoon shift from pico- and nanophytoplankton to microphytoplankton, the consumption rate of microzooplankton on <20 µm phytoplankton was 11.6 mgC m-3 d-1 in the pre-typhoon period, and increased to 203.3 mgC m-3 d-1 after the typhoon. Furthermore, the ingestion fluxes were 4.9 and 8.0 mgC m-3 d-1 through mesozooplankton grazing on microzooplankton (ciliates and dinoflagellates) pre- and post-typhoon, respectively. Our findings show that organisms from the microbial food web (i.e. ciliates and dinoflagellates) may control the phytoplankton assemblage during the post-typhoon period of increased productivity, and thus represent an important trophic link between the classical and microbial food webs in the southern ECS.