scholarly journals Cyanide-resistant respiration in diverse marine phytoplankton. Evidence for the widespread occurrence of the alternative oxidase

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
NT Eriksen ◽  
AJ Lewitus
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Alternative Oxidase and Photosystem II in Three Wheat Cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Ping Duan ◽  
Shu Yuan ◽  
Shi-Hua Tu ◽  
Wen-Qiang Feng ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

The effects of Cd stress (200 μmol/L, 8 days) on respiration and photosynthesis of three wheat cultivars were investigated: Chuanyu 12 (CY12), Chuanmai 42 (CM42), and Chuanmai 47 (CM47). Fifteen-day-old seedlings were exposed to 200 μmol/L CdCl2 for 4 days and 8 days, respectively. The results indicated that Cd was accumulated largely in roots, but little in leaves of all three cultivars. CY12 accumulated the highest level of Cd in roots and showed the weakest resistance. On the contrary, the other two cultivars, CM42 and CM47, adapted better to Cd stress, and their thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were lower than in CY12, but the chlorophyll contents and water contents were higher than in CY12. Additionally, Cd stress prompted the alternative oxidase (AOX) activity and upregulated the cyanide-resistant respiration in CM42 and CM47 after 8 days; no such induction was observed for CY12. The CO2 assimilation rate, leaf stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fl uorescence were inhibited by Cd stress in all cultivars, but more severe in the CY12 cultivar. Western blots indicated that the content of the photosystem II proteins LHCII and D1 decreased in CY12, but did not change in CM42 and CM47. While the content of the mitochondrial AOX protein increased markedly in CM42 and CM47, it did not in CY12. These results suggested that AOX and LHCII could be regarded as indicators of plant’s resistance to heavy metals.

Respiratory Responses of Pea and Wheat Seedlings to Chloramphenicol Treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qisen Zhang ◽  
L Mischis ◽  
JT Wiskich
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Respiratory Responses ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

A common feature in responding to chloramphenicol treatment for pea and wheat seedlings was the substantial increases in the rates of cyanide-resistant respiration. However, they were very different in many other aspects. Whole pea leaves appeared yellowish 3 or more days after chloramphenicol treatment. The chlorophyll content decreased by 30% after 9-10 days. In wheat seedlings, chloramphenicol treatment resulted in a complete loss of chlorophyll and formation of white tissues in the base of their leaves. The top region of leaves was still green. The un-inhibited rates of respiration decreased in pea, but increased in wheat mitochondria oxidising NADH. There was an approximately 5-fold increase in the activity of externally facing NADH dehydrogenase in wheat, but not in pea mitochondria. Western blot analysis showed that there were two additional bands of lower molecular weight alternative oxidases (32-33 kDa) in chloramphenicol-treated wheat leaf mitochondria, but there was no increase in alternative oxidase proteins in chloramphenicol-treated pea leaf and root mitochondria. Wheat seedlings responded to chlorarnphenicol treatment presumably by increasing the rate of glycolysis, while pea seedlings may have a different mechanism.

scholarly journals Analysis of Alternative Oxidase Gene in Mutants of Magnaporthe grisea Deficient in Alternative, Cyanide-resistant, Respiration.

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo YUKIOKA ◽  
Shuichiro INAGAKI ◽  
Reiji TANAKA ◽  
Kenji KATOH ◽  
Nobuo MIKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

scholarly journals Gasotransmitter H2S accelerates seed germination via activating AOX mediated cyanide-resistant respiration pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Fang ◽  
Ruihan Liu ◽  
Zhenyuan Yu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Yan xi Pei
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Terminal Oxidase ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Cyanide Metabolism ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been witnessed as a crucial gasotransmitter involving in various physiological processes in plants. H2S signaling has been reported to involve in regulating seed germination, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that endogenous H2S production was activated in germinating Arabidopsis seeds, correlating with upregulated both the transcription and the activity of enzymes (LCD and DES1) responsible for H2S production. Moreover, NaHS (the H2S donor) fumigation significantly accelerated seed germination, while H2S-generation defective (lcd/des1) seeds exhibited decreased germination speed. Further results indicated that the alternative oxidase (AOX), a cyanide-insensitive terminal oxidase, can be stimulated by imbibition, and the expression of AOX genes was provoked lag behind H2S production during germination. Additionally, exogenous H2S fumigation significantly reinforced imbibition induced enhancement of AOX1A expression, and mediated post-translational modification to keep AOX in its reduced and active state, which mainly involved H2S induced increase of the GSH/GSSG ratio and the cell reducing power. Consequently, H2S signaling acts as a trigger to induce AOX mediated cyanide-resistant respiration to accelerate seed germination. Our study correlates H2S signaling to cyanide metabolism, which also participates in endogenous H2S generation, providing evidence for more extensive studies of H2S signaling.

Characterization of the gene family encoding alternative oxidase from Candida albicans

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Ki HUH ◽  
Sa-Ouk KANG
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

Candida albicans possesses a cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway mediated by alternative oxidase (AOX), which seems to be encoded by a gene family with two members. Cloning and expression of AOX1a, one of the genes encoding alternative oxidase from C. albicans, has previously been reported [Huh and Kang (1999) J. Bacteriol. 181, 4098–4102]. In the present study we report the isolation of another gene coding for alternative oxidase, designated AOX1b. AOX1b contains a continuous open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide consisting of 365 amino acids. Interestingly, AOX1a and AOX1b were found to be located in tandem on one of the chromosomes of C. albicans. The presence of cyanide in the culture medium remarkably retarded the growth of the aox1a/aox1a mutants. The growth of the aox1b/aox1b mutants and the aox1a/aox1a aox1b/aox1b double mutants was almost completely inhibited in the same medium. β-Galactosidase reporter assays indicated that, whereas AOX1a was expressed constitutively, the expression of AOX1b was dependent on growth phase and was induced by treatment with cyanide, antimycin A, H2O2, menadione and paraquat. Growth of the cells in media with non-fermentable carbon sources also enhanced the expression of AOX1b. CaSLN1, which encodes a histidine kinase, seems to be involved in the regulation of AOX expression in C. albicans on the basis of the observation that the activity of cyanide-resistant respiration and the expression level of AOX in the casln1/casln1 mutants were found to be significantly low under normal conditions and slightly increased in the presence of respiratory inhibitors compared with the wild-type strain. Like AOX1a, AOX1b could also be functionally expressed in AOX-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae and confer cyanide-resistant respiration on the organism.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of Alternative Oxidase from Candida albicans

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (13) ◽  
pp. 4098-4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Ki Huh ◽  
Sa-Ouk Kang
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Antimycin A ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Genomic Dna Library ◽  
Cyanide Resistant Respiration

ABSTRACT The AOX1 gene, which encodes an alternative oxidase, was isolated from the genomic DNA library of Candida albicans. The gene encodes a polypeptide consisting of 379 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 43,975 Da. Theaox1/aox1 mutant strain did not show cyanide-resistant respiration under normal conditions but could still induce cyanide-resistant respiration when treated with antimycin A. The measurement of respiratory activity and Western blot analysis suggested the presence of another AOX. When C. albicans AOX1 was expressed in alternative oxidase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it could confer cyanide-resistant respiration onS. cerevisiae.

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