scholarly journals Nutritional mode and specialization alter protist consumer diversity effects on prey assemblages

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Filip ◽  
LL Müller ◽  
H Hillebrand ◽  
S Moorthi
ISRN Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Steiner

Experiments show that consumer diversity can have important effects on the control of prey diversity and abundance. However, theory also indicates that the strength of consumer effects on such properties will vary depending on system productivity and disturbance regime. Using a laboratory-based system composed of ciliate consumers and bacterial prey, I explored the interactive effects of productivity, disturbance, and consumer diversity on prey diversity and trophic-level abundance. Consumer diversity had productivity-dependent effects on bacterial prey that were consistent with theoretical expectations. At low productivity, increasing consumer diversity reduced prey abundance while at high productivity no effects were detected due to compensatory responses among bacteria. In contrast, consumer diversity had weak effects on prey diversity at low productivity but significantly depressed prey diversity at high productivity. Disturbance on consumers enhanced prey diversity but did not alter consumer diversity effects on prey. These results indicate that consumer diversity may play an important role in the regulation of prey communities, but the strength of this effect varies with system productivity.


Hydrobiologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 652 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Wellnitz ◽  
Matt Troia ◽  
Megan Ring

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Stanley ◽  
Natalie J. Allen ◽  
Helen M. Williams ◽  
Sarah J. Ross

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Suter ◽  
Olivier Huguenin-Elie ◽  
Andreas Lüscher

AbstractAssessing the overall performance of ecosystems requires a quantitative evaluation of multifunctionality. We investigated plant species diversity effects on individual functions and overall multifunctionality in a grassland experiment with sown monocultures and mixtures comprising four key grass and legume species. Nitrogen fertilisation rates were 50, 150, and 450 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (N50, N150, N450). Ten functions were measured representing forage production, N cycling, and forage quality, all being related to either productivity or environmental footprint. Multifunctionality was analysed by a novel approach using the mean log response ratio across functions. Over three experimental years, mixture effects benefited all forage production and N cycling functions, while sustaining high forage quality. Thus, mixture effects did not provoke any trade-off among the analysed functions. High N fertilisation rates generally diminished mixture benefits. Multifunctionality of four-species mixtures was considerably enhanced, and mixture overall performance was up to 1.9 (N50), 1.8 (N150), and 1.6 times (N450) higher than in averaged monocultures. Multifunctionality of four-species mixtures at N50 was at least as high as in grass monocultures at N450. Sown grass–legume mixtures combining few complementary species at low to moderate N fertilisation sustain high multifunctionality and are a ‘ready-to-use’ option for the sustainable intensification of agriculture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Basu Dev Lamichhane

Human capital is an important asset for any organization. Physical and capital resource can be mobilized properly through human resources. Physical and capital resources by themselves cannot improve efficiency or contribute to increased rate of return on investment. The efficiency of capital and physical resource can be achieved through combined efforts of human resources. This paper is descriptive design. The study tackled areas of workforce diversity effects on diversity of performance of employees and how workforce diversity can be managed to the positive outcomes of an organization. Workforce diversity is combination of different caste, gender, age, attitude, religion, ability, skills, region, perception, race, sex, experience and cultural differences. It is the differences and similarities between the employees of any organization. It is the process of bringing verity of people in the same workplace. Effective management of diversity recognizes that people from different backgrounds, culture and experience can bring new ideas to the workplace. Workforce diversity leads an organization in to creativity, innovation, able to retain talent workforce, energize people and boosts them and reduced grievances. Workforce diversity promotes creativity, innovative problem solving, productivity and increase cultural diversity, increase in enterepreneural behavior and values within employees. Diversity management emphasizes on building specific skills, creating policies and drafting practices that get the best from every workers. So, diversified workforce provides various advantages to organization (i.e. creativity, change adoption, problem solving, new thinking and thought, flexible adoption to organizational change and beliefs). The study reveals that there is a positive correlation between good workforce diversity and organizational change.


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