scholarly journals Exploring hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial ­communities in the estuarine surface microlayer

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJRC Coelho ◽  
S Sousa ◽  
L Santos ◽  
AL Santos ◽  
A Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Surface Microlayer

scholarly journals Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Helge-Ansgar Giebel ◽  
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa ◽  
Oliver Wurl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

ABSTRACT The occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived, but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here, we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a <1-mm-thick layer at the air–sea interface, and underlying water from 1 m depth. Samples of sea foams, SML and underlying water collected from the North Sea and Timor Sea indicated that foams were often characterized by a high abundance of small eukaryotic phototrophic and prokaryotic cells as well as a high concentration of surface-active substances (SAS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA (gene) revealed distinctive foam bacterial communities compared with SML and underlying water, with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. Typical SML dwellers such as Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio were highly abundant, active foam inhabitants and thus might enhance foam formation and stability by producing SAS. Despite a clear difference in the overall bacterial community composition between foam and SML, the presence of SML bacteria in foams supports the previous assumption that foam is strongly influenced by the SML. We conclude that active and abundant bacteria from interfacial habitats potentially contribute to foam formation and stability, carbon cycling and air–sea exchange processes in the ocean.

scholarly journals Sea foams are ephemeral hotspots for distinctive bacterial communities contrasting sea-surface microlayer and underlying surface water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Helge-Ansgar Giebel ◽  
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa ◽  
Oliver Wurl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

AbstractThe occurrence of foams at oceans’ surfaces is patchy and generally short-lived but a detailed understanding of bacterial communities inhabiting sea foams is lacking. Here we investigated how marine foams differ from the sea-surface microlayer (SML), a <1 mm thick layer at the air-sea interface and underlying water from 1 m depth. Samples of sea foams, SML and underlying water collected from the North Sea and Timor Sea indicated that foams were often characterized by a high abundance of small eukaryotic phototrophic and prokaryotic cells as well as a high concentration of surface-active substances (SAS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA (gene) revealed a distinctive foam bacterial community compared to SML and underlying water, with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria. Especially Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio, typical SML dwellers, were highly abundant, active foam inhabitants and thus might enhance foam formation and stability by producing SAS. Despite a clear difference in the overall bacterial community composition between foam and SML, the presence of SML bacteria in foams supports previous assumptions that foam is strongly influenced by the SML. We conclude that active and abundant bacteria from interfacial habitats potentially contribute to foam formation and stability, carbon cycling and air-sea exchange processes in the ocean.One-sentence summaryFloating foams at the oceans’ surface have a unique bacterial community signature in contrast to sea-surface microlayer and underlying water but receive and select for bacterial inhabitants from surface habitats.

Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
Randall W. Smith ◽  
John Dash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

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