scholarly journals Parasitic fungi of phytoplankton: ecological roles and implications for microbial food webs

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rasconi ◽  
M Jobard ◽  
T Sime-Ngando
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Ecological Roles

scholarly journals Ecological roles of the parasitic phytomyxids (plasmodiophorids) in marine ecosystems - a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Neuhauser ◽  
Martin Kirchmair ◽  
Frank H. Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Marine Viruses

Phytomyxea (plasmodiophorids) is an enigmatic group of obligate biotrophic parasites. Most of the known 41 species are associated with terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. However, the potential of phytomyxean species to influence marine ecosystems either directly by causing diseases of their hosts or indirectly as vectors of viruses is enormous, although still unexplored. In all, 20% of the currently described phytomyxean species are parasites of some of the key primary producers in the ocean, such as seagrasses, brown algae and diatoms; however, information on their distribution, abundance and biodiversity is either incomplete or lacking. Phytomyxean species influence fitness by altering the metabolism and/or the reproductive success of their hosts. The resulting changes can (1) have an impact on the biodiversity within host populations, and (2) influence microbial food webs because of altered availability of nutrients (e.g. changed metabolic status of host, transfer of organic matter). Also, phytomyxean species may affect their host populations indirectly by transmitting viruses. The majority of the currently known single-stranded RNA marine viruses structurally resemble the viruses transmitted by phytomyxean species to crops in agricultural environments. Here, we explore possible ecological roles of these parasites in marine habitats; however, only the inclusion of Phytomyxea in marine biodiversity studies will allow estimation of the true impact of these species on global primary production in the oceans.

Microbial Food Webs in an Artificially Divided Acidic Bog Lake

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šimek ◽  
Dieter Babenzien ◽  
Thomas Bittl ◽  
Rainer Koschel ◽  
Miroslav Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Microbial Food Webs

scholarly journals Simple models combining competition, defence and resource availability have broad implications in pelagic microbial food webs

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Våge ◽  
Gunnar Bratbak ◽  
Jorun Egge ◽  
Mikal Heldal ◽  
Aud Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
Simple Models

scholarly journals Microbial food web dynamics along a soil chronosequence of a glacier forefield

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3283-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Esperschütz ◽  
A. Pérez-de-Mora ◽  
K. Schreiner ◽  
G. Welzl ◽  
F. Buegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Food Web Dynamics ◽  
Glacier Forefield ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. Microbial food webs are critical for efficient nutrient turnover providing the basis for functional and stable ecosystems. However, the successional development of such microbial food webs and their role in "young" ecosystems is unclear. Due to a continuous glacier retreat since the middle of the 19th century, glacier forefields have expanded offering an excellent opportunity to study food web dynamics in soils at different developmental stages. In the present study, litter degradation and the corresponding C fluxes into microbial communities were investigated along the forefield of the Damma glacier (Switzerland). 13C-enriched litter of the pioneering plant Leucanthemopsis alpina (L.) Heywood was incorporated into the soil at sites that have been free from ice for approximately 10, 60, 100 and more than 700 years. The structure and function of microbial communities were identified by 13C analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and phospholipid ether lipids (PLEL). Results showed increasing microbial diversity and biomass, and enhanced proliferation of bacterial groups as ecosystem development progressed. Initially, litter decomposition proceeded faster at the more developed sites, but at the end of the experiment loss of litter mass was similar at all sites, once the more easily-degradable litter fraction was processed. As a result incorporation of 13C into microbial biomass was more evident during the first weeks of litter decomposition. 13C enrichments of both PLEL and PLFA biomarkers following litter incorporation were observed at all sites, suggesting similar microbial foodwebs at all stages of soil development. Nonetheless, the contribution of bacteria, especially actinomycetes to litter turnover became more pronounced as soil age increased in detriment of archaea, fungi and protozoa, more prominent in recently deglaciated terrain.

scholarly journals Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Jin Jeong ◽  
Yeong Du Yoo ◽  
Jae Seong Kim ◽  
Kyeong Ah Seong ◽  
Nam Seon Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Planktonic Food ◽  
Ecological Roles

scholarly journals Cascading effects in freshwater microbial food webs by predatory Cercozoa, Katablepharidacea and ciliates feeding on aplastidic bacterivorous cryptophytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šimek ◽  
Vesna Grujčić ◽  
Indranil Mukherjee ◽  
Vojtěch Kasalický ◽  
Jiří Nedoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Microbial Food Webs ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
Food Vacuoles ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

ABSTRACT Heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) are considered as major planktonic bacterivores, however, larger HNF taxa can also be important predators of eukaryotes. To examine this trophic cascading, natural protistan communities from a freshwater reservoir were released from grazing pressure by zooplankton via filtration through 10- and 5-µm filters, yielding microbial food webs of different complexity. Protistan growth was stimulated by amendments of five Limnohabitans strains, thus yielding five prey-specific treatments distinctly modulating protistan communities in 10- versus 5-µm fractions. HNF dynamics was tracked by applying five eukaryotic fluorescence in situ hybridization probes covering 55–90% of total flagellates. During the first experimental part, mainly small bacterivorous Cryptophyceae prevailed, with significantly higher abundances in 5-µm treatments. Larger predatory flagellates affiliating with Katablepharidacea and one Cercozoan lineage (increasing to up to 28% of total HNF) proliferated towards the experimental endpoint, having obviously small phagocytized HNF in their food vacuoles. These predatory flagellates reached higher abundances in 10-µm treatments, where small ciliate predators and flagellate hunters also (Urotricha spp., Balanion planctonicum) dominated the ciliate assemblage. Overall, our study reports pronounced cascading effects from bacteria to bacterivorous HNF, predatory HNF and ciliates in highly treatment-specific fashions, defined by both prey-food characteristics and feeding modes of predominating protists.

Phagotrophic phytoflagellates in microbial food webs

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Glaus Porter
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Microbial Food Webs

Seasonal succession of zooplankton in coastal waters of the Argentine Sea (Southwest Atlantic Ocean): prevalence of classical or microbial food webs

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Delia Viñas ◽  
Rubén Mario Negri ◽  
Georgina Daniela Cepeda ◽  
Daniel Hernández ◽  
Ricardo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Argentine Sea ◽  
Microbial Food Webs
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