scholarly journals Virus-like particles in a summer bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
CPD Brussaard ◽  
RS Kempers ◽  
AJ Kop ◽  
R Riegman ◽  
M Heldal
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Summer Bloom

scholarly journals Genotyping an <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> (Prymnesiophyceae) bloom event in the North Sea reveals evidence of asexual reproduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4359-4408 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Krueger-Hadfield ◽  
C. Balestreri ◽  
J. Schroeder ◽  
A. Highfield ◽  
P. Helaouët ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract. Due to the unprecedented rate at which our climate is changing, the ultimate consequence for many species is likely to be either extinction or migration to an alternate habitat. Certain species might, however, evolve at a rate that could make them resilient to the effects of a rapidly changing environment. This scenario is most likely to apply to species that have large population sizes and rapid generation times, such that the genetic variation required for adaptive evolution can be readily supplied. Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay and Mohler (Prymnesiophyceae) is likely to be such a species as it is the most conspicuous extant calcareous phytoplankton species in our oceans with generation times of 1 day−1. Here we report on a validated set of microsatellites, in conjunction with the coccolithophore morphology motif genetic marker, to genotype 93 clonal isolates collected from across the world. Of these, 52 came from a single bloom event in the North Sea collected on the D366 UK Ocean Acidification cruise in June-July 2011. There were 26 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) encountered only once in the North Sea bloom and 8 MLGs encountered twice or up to six times. Each of these repeated MLGs exhibited Psex values of less than 0.05 indicating each repeated MLG was the product of asexual reproduction and not separate meiotic events. In addition, we show that the two most polymorphic microsatellite loci, EHMS37 and P01E05, are reporting on regions likely undergoing rapid genetic drift during asexual reproduction. Despite the small sample size, there were many more repeated genotypes than previously reported for other bloom-forming phytoplankton species, including a previously genotyped E. huxleyi bloom event. This study challenges our current assumption that sex is the predominant mode of reproduction during bloom events. Whilst genetic diversity is high amongst extant populations of E. huxleyi, the root cause for this diversity and ultimate fate of these populations still requires further examination. Nonetheless, we show that certain CMM genotypes are found everywhere; while others appear to have a regional bias.

scholarly journals Genotyping an <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> (prymnesiophyceae) bloom event in the North Sea reveals evidence of asexual reproduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5215-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Krueger-Hadfield ◽  
C. Balestreri ◽  
J. Schroeder ◽  
A. Highfield ◽  
P. Helaouët ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
June July

Abstract. Due to the unprecedented rate at which our climate is changing, the ultimate consequence for many species is likely to be either extinction or migration to an alternate habitat. Certain species might, however, evolve at a rate that could make them resilient to the effects of a rapidly changing environment. This scenario is most likely to apply to species that have large population sizes and rapid generation times, such that the genetic variation required for adaptive evolution can be readily supplied. Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay and Mohler (Prymnesiophyceae) is likely to be such a species, as it is the most conspicuous extant calcareous phytoplankton species in our oceans with growth rates of 1 day−1. Here we report on a validated set of microsatellites, in conjunction with the coccolithophore morphology motif genetic marker, to genotype 93 clonal isolates collected from across the world. Of these, 52 came from a single bloom event in the North Sea collected on the D366 United Kingdom Ocean Acidification cruise in June–July 2011. There were 26 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) encountered only once in the North Sea bloom and 8 MLGs encountered twice or up to six times. Each of these repeated MLGs exhibited Psex values of less than 0.05, indicating each repeated MLG was the product of asexual reproduction and not separate meiotic events. In addition, we show that the two most polymorphic microsatellite loci, EHMS37 and P01E05, are reporting on regions likely undergoing rapid genetic drift during asexual reproduction. Despite the small sample size, there were many more repeated genotypes than previously reported for other bloom-forming phytoplankton species, including a previously genotyped E. huxleyi bloom event. This study challenges the current assumption that sexual reproduction predominates during bloom events. Whilst genetic diversity is high amongst extant populations of E. huxleyi, the root cause for this diversity and ultimate fate of these populations still requires further examination. Nonetheless, we show that certain CMM genotypes are found everywhere, while others appear to have a regional bias.

What controls the distribution of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Sea?

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK M. HOLLIGAN ◽  
STEPHEN B. GROOM ◽  
DEREK S. HARBOUR
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Trends in inorganic and organic carbon in a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North Sea

1996 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Buitenhuis ◽  
J van Bleijswijk ◽  
D Bakker ◽  
M Veldhuis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

scholarly journals Dynamics and genotypic composition of Emiliania huxleyi and their co-occurring viruses during a coccolithophore bloom in the North Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Martínez Martínez ◽  
Declan C. Schroeder ◽  
William H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

scholarly journals Coccolithophores and the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Hays ◽  
A.J. Warner ◽  
A.W.G. John ◽  
D.S. Harbour ◽  
P.M. Holligan
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Depth Contour ◽  
The North Sea

Samples historically collected and analysed by the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey were used to describe the distribution of coccolithophores (class Prymnesiophyceae) in the north-east Atlantic and the North Sea. In the routine CPR analysis, members of this group are simply identified as ‘coccolithophores’ and not to any further taxonomic level. From this analysis, the 200-m depth contour marked a point of distinct transition between high coccolithophore occurrence (off the shelf) and low coccolithophore occurrence (on the shelf). Thirty-three CPR samples that had been collected between 1979–1992, were re-examined and the coccolithophores identified to a more detailed taxonomic level. Among the species identified was the bloom-forming coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi. Thus archived CPR samples could potentially be re-analysed to assess regional, seasonal and decadal changes in the occurrence of this species.

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