scholarly journals A simple method for long-term recording of the electrocardiogram in prawns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HT Lin ◽  
TC Chen ◽  
JP Chang ◽  
ZY Chou ◽  
SY Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Method

Analysis of SINR for Unitary and Non-Unitary Precoded MIMO Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Xin Lu ◽  
Xiong Xu ◽  
Jian Hu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
3Gpp Long Term Evolution ◽  
Output Sinr

Pre-coding type can be grouped into two approaches, unitary or non-unitary for 3GPP Long Term Evolution(LTE). Output SINR of unitary Pre-coding for MU-MIMO is investigated in this paper. A more simple method of calculation for SINR is presented, which Leads to the computational complexity down to 18% compared with original method, while calculating MIMO Pre-coding system with 4 matrices (i.e. 8 vectors). In addition, we also analyzed the loss of SINR when using unitary or non-unitary Pre-coding. Corresponding simulations show that output SINR of non-unitary pre-coding system is inferior to the unitary pre-coding case and such losses can been described using statistical linear approximation.

Mapping and monitoring intertidal benthic habitats: a review of techniques and a proposal for a new visual methodology for the European coasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Godet ◽  
Jérôme Fournier ◽  
Nicolas Toupoint ◽  
Frédéric Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
Global Environmental Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
Term Monitoring

Mapping seafloors is a fundamental step for managing and preserving coastal zones. Moreover, in a context of current global environmental changes, new methods allowing long-term monitoring are increasingly required. Various methods have been used to map seafloors, primarily benthic macrofauna and sediment sampling along regular grids or transects, and remote sensing methods. These methods map very different things, do not have the same accuracy levels, and have different costs in time and money. Furthermore, such methods often require the competencies of highly skilled scientists and exclude non-specialists otherwise best placed to perform them. In this paper, we test a method based on Direct Field Observations (‘DFO method’), which can be used by non-specialists, and assess if it is sufficient for mapping and monitoring intertidal habitats. We further compare this method with other conventional ones. The results show that such a simple method is relatively rapid and inexpensive given the results obtained. Moreover, it is particularly suitable for highly fragmented intertidal landscapes where other methods are often very limited. In consequence, in areas such as the European coasts, it can be used by non-specialists, such as protected-area managers, and because it is an inexpensive and quick method long-term monitoring is also possible.

scholarly journals Synaptic Efficacy and the Transmission of Complex Firing Patterns Between Neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 3010-3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Faure ◽  
Daniel Kaplan ◽  
Henri Korn
Keyword(s):  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Synaptic Noise ◽  
Probabilistic Nature ◽  
Periodic Components

In central neurons, the summation of inputs from presynaptic cells combined with the unreliability of synaptic transmission produces incessant variations of the membrane potential termed synaptic noise (SN). These fluctuations, which depend on both the unpredictable timing of afferent activities and quantal variations of postsynaptic potentials, have defied conventional analysis. We show here that, when applied to SN recorded from the Mauthner (M) cell of teleosts, a simple method of nonlinear analysis reveals previously undetected features of this signal including hidden periodic components. The phase relationship between these components is compatible with the notion that the temporal organization of events comprising this noise is deterministic rather than random and that it is generated by presynaptic interneurons behaving as coupled periodic oscillators. Furthermore a model of the presynaptic network shows how SN is shaped both by activities in incoming inputs and by the distribution of their synaptic weights expressed as mean quantal contents of the activated synapses. In confirmation we found experimentally that long-term tetanic potentiation (LTP), which selectively increases some of these synaptic weights, permits oscillating temporal patterns to be transmitted more effectively to the postsynaptic cell. Thus the probabilistic nature of transmitter release, which governs the strength of synapses, may be critical for the transfer of complex timing information within neuronal assemblies.

scholarly journals A simple method for measuring long-term integrated testosterone levels in men

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devorah Matas ◽  
Lee Koren
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Age Trends ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Potential Tool

Steroids play multiple roles in the regulation of development, physiology, reproduction, and behavior. Measuring circulating steroids is especially challenging since concentrations are extremely labile, responding to stressors within minutes. Matrices that integrate long-term steroid levels are therefore valuable as biomarkers of baseline, as well as chronic steroid exposures. Here we report on a simple method to extract and measure accumulated testosterone from human fingernails using commercial EIA kits. Further, we demonstrate known human testosterone sex and age trends. Thus, this method is a potential tool for biomonitoring endogenous as well as exogenous steroid exposure.

scholarly journals Surgical management of sacral meningeal cysts by obstructing the communicating holes with muscle graft

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Huiren Tao ◽  
Chaoshuai Feng ◽  
Jiawei Xu ◽  
Chunguang Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Muscle Graft ◽  
Meningeal Cyst ◽  
Dural Sac ◽  
Neurological Score ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Meningeal Cysts

Abstract Background The surgical indication and treatment of sacral meningeal cyst have not been well established and current methods are usually accompanied by complications and recurrence. The aim of this study is to discuss the treatment of symptomatic sacral meningeal cyst, by investigating the surgical results of our surgically treated patients, and minimize the complications and recurrence. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with symptomatic sacral meningeal cysts who were surgically treated by a single surgeon in the same institution from 2002 to 2017. All patients underwent the same operation by incising the cyst wall and obstructing the communicating hole with muscle graft, while the cyst wall was left untreated instead of resected or imbricated. The obstruction was verified by doing a Valsalva-like maneuver. The preoperative symptoms and signs, and the outcomes at most recent follow-up were rated and compared by Neurological Scoring System. Results A total of 18 patients (7 male patients and 11 female patients, average age 42.3 years) were followed up for an average of 51.7 months. All patients had communicating holes linking the cysts and the dural sacs. The average preoperative neurological score was 19.7 ± 2.2, and it was improved to 23.2 ± 2.8 at the most recent follow-up (p < 0.01). Conclusions The sacral meningeal cyst originated from the communication with the dural sac. Surgical treatment of symptomatic sacral meningeal cysts can yield a long-term resolution of the appropriately selected patient’s symptoms. Obstructing the communicating hole with muscle graft is an effective and simple method to obliterate the cyst. The incised cyst wall can be left untreated instead of resected or imbricated.

scholarly journals Using Shewhart p control charts of external quality-assurance program data to monitor analytical performance of a clinical chemistry laboratory

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Chesher ◽  
L Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
External Quality Assurance ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Simple Method

Abstract We have investigated the application of Shewhart's p control charts in our external quality-assurance program to monitor the long-term performance of our laboratory's analytical quality. The p control charts have been able to detect long-term changes in our laboratory's analytical performance that would have been difficult to detect by more-conventional techniques. We have explored methods for interpreting these charts as well as some of their limitations, which include minimum subgroup size and dependence on constant specification limits. These charts may be not only a simple method for the long-term monitoring of analytical performance of a laboratory, but also of use to the organizers of external quality-assurance programs.

scholarly journals Hedgehog pathway permissive conditions allow generation of immortal cell lines from granule cells derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cerebellum

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 180145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Heil
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Neural Lineage ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
Pathway Activation

Cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs) undergo proliferation in the post-natal cerebellum that is dependent on sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling. Deregulated SHH signalling leads to type 2 medulloblastoma (MB). In this work, a novel cell culture protocol is described, which is suitable for the establishment and long-term maintenance of GCP-derived cells. This method is first applied to SHH pathway active MB cells from Atoh1 -cre; Ptch1 FL/FL tumours, which leads to the generation of neurosphere-like cell lines expressing GCP markers and an active SHH signalling pathway. These cells also show high sensitivity to the Smoothened inhibitor vismodegib, therefore recapitulating the SHH pathway requirement for survival shown by type 2 MB. Analysis of culture supplements reveals that bFGF and fetal bovine serum act as inhibitors of the SHH pathway and therefore preclude generation of cell lines that are relevant to the study of the SHH pathway. Consequently, these insights are transferred from the context of MB to non-transformed, post-natal day 7 cerebellum-derived cellular explants. In contrast to other, previously used methods, these GCP cultures proliferate indefinitely and depend on SHH pathway activation, either by means of the small molecule SAG or through genetic ablation of Ptch1 . This culture method therefore leads to the generation of immortal neurosphere-like cell lines, that are named murine SAG-dependent spheres (mSS). Despite long-term culture, mSS cells remain dependent on continuous stimulation of the SHH pathway. Further, mSS cells maintain their lineage after extensive periods in vitro, as demonstrated by their differentiation towards the neural lineage. Herein a simple method for the generation of immortal cell lines from murine cerebella is defined. These lines can be maintained indefinitely through hedgehog pathway activation and maintain the GCP lineage.

Soft-Wall Reconstruction of the Posterior External Ear Canal Wall

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Smith ◽  
Malcolm H. Stroud ◽  
Joel A Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Results ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Mastoid Obliteration ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Modified Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Soft Wall

A simple method of reconstructing a previously removed posterior ear canal with an autogenous, bilaminar membrane is described. The resulting air-filled mastoid cavity is an anatomic extension of the middle ear cleft and is separated from the ear canal by a functional barrier that is continuous with the tympanic membrane. The acoustic characteristics of an associated tympanoplasty are not significantly altered, and many of the problems that are associated with an exteriorized cavity are avoided. In contradistinction to other methods of mastoid obliteration or reconstruction, the semitransparent nature of the soft canal wall allows inspection of the underlying cavity for residual or recurrent disease. The technique can be used to repair either a newly created cavity or a previous radical (or modified radical) mastoidectomy defect. The functional results of thirty ears reconstructed in this fashion are detailed. A variable amount of soft-wall retraction was noted postoperatively in 47% of the ears; however, the long-term functional results in these cases remain satisfactory.

A simple method to identify patients on long-term warfarin who may derive the most benefit from new oral anticoagulants

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Carrier ◽  
Miriam Kimpton ◽  
Philip S. Wells ◽  
Nicole Langlois ◽  
Shemina Kherani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Simple Method
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