scholarly journals Examining effects of surfactants on particle clearance rate and capture efficiency of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
M Rosa ◽  
Y Flores ◽  
K Sierra ◽  
B Torres ◽  
JE Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Particle Capture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Reduce Surface Tension ◽  
Triton X

Suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs perform important ecological roles by coupling pelagic and benthic systems during their feeding activities. Particle capture, and thus feeding, is dependent on particle encounter and retention on the gill filaments, with several factors influencing this process. Over the past 30 yr, different types of synthetic microspheres have been used to examine aspects of particle capture and ingestion by bivalves. Critics of this work have posited that manufactured particles may contain surfactants, chemicals commonly used in manufacturing to reduce surface tension, that could produce spurious capture and ingestion rates. The goal of this work was to experimentally assess whether the presence of different types of surfactants on manufactured polystyrene particles can result in instantaneous effects on particle capture by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The effects of 3 different types of common surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate, benzalkonium chloride, Triton-X) on clearance rates (CR) and capture efficiencies (CE) were tested. Results indicated that none of the surfactant treatments had an effect on CR. Treatment with one of the surfactants (Triton-X) significantly lowered CE for 3 µm sized spheres compared to the control spheres (Milli-Q treated). None of the other tested surfactants significantly affected CE when compared to the control treatment. These data add to an understanding of particle handling by bivalves, and suggest that concentrations of surfactants found on commercially available microspheres used for experiments or found in the environment have little immediate effect on feeding processes.

scholarly journals Oil sludge washing with surfactants and co-solvents: oil recovery from different types of oil sludges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ramirez ◽  
Liz J. Shaw ◽  
Chris D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Different physicochemical and biological treatments have been used to treat oil sludges, and oil recovery techniques are preferred such as oil sludge washing (OSW) with surfactants and co-solvents. Toluene is commonly used as co-solvent, but it is non-benign to the environment. This study tested alternative co-solvents (n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and isooctane) at 1:1 and 2:1 C/OS (co-solvent to oil sludge ratio). Also, this study evaluated the effect on the oil recovery rate (ORR) of three main parameters in the washing: type, concentration, and application ratio (S/OS) of surfactants to oil sludges. To date, no study has assessed these parameters in the washing of oil sludges from different sources. Four types of oil sludges and five surfactants (Triton X-100 and X-114, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and rhamnolipid) were used. The results showed that cyclohexane had high ORR and could be used instead of toluene because it is more benign to the environment. The S/OS ratio had a high effect on the ORR and depended on the type of oil sludge. Rhamnolipid, Triton X-100, and Triton X-114 had the highest oil recovery rates (40 – 70%). In addition, it was found that the surfactant concentration had no effect on the ORR. Consequently, the addition of surfactant was not significantly different compared to the washing with no surfactants, except for one sludge. The use of the surfactant in the washing solution can help in the selective extraction of specific oil hydrocarbon fractions in the recovered oil to assess its potential reuse as fuel. Further recommendations were given to improve the OSW process.

Solubility and adsorption behaviors of chlorophenols in the presence of surfactant

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Liu ◽  
P. S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Triton X

The solubility of chlorophenols as affected by surfactant was investigated. Three kinds of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and Brij 35, were utilized. The solubilization of chlorophenols by surfactant follows the order of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 2,6-dichlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol; and the critical micelle concentration is an important index. The adsorption reactions of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol onto hydrous montmorillonite in the presence of surfactant were examined. The presence of surfactant decreased the adsorption of chlorophenols significantly. The roles of hydrophobicity of chlorophenols in solubilization and adsorption behaviors are discussed.

Wetting of glass surface using natural surfactants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Surfactants ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Solid Liquid

Background: Surfactant adsorption at the interfaces (solid–liquid, liquid–air, or liquid–liquid) is receiving considerable attention from a long time due to its wide range of practical applications. Objective: Specifically wettability of solid surface by liquids is mainly measured by contact angle and has many practical importances where solid–liquid systems are used. Adsorption of surfactants plays an important role in the wetting process. The wetting behaviours of three plant-based natural surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai, and Acacia) on the glass surface are compared with one widely used nonionic synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100) and reported in this study. Methods: The dynamic contact angle study of three different types of plant surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai and Acacia) and one synthetic surfactant (Triton X 100) on the glass surface has been carried out. The effect of two different types of alcohols such as Methanol and amyl alcohol on wettability of shikakai, as it shows little higher value of contact angle on glass surface has been measured. Results: The contact angle measurements show that there is an increase in contact angle from 47° (pure water) to 67.72°, 65.57°, 68.84°, and 68.79° for Reetha, Acacia, Shikakai, and Triton X-100 respectively with the increase in surfactant concentration and remain constant at CMC. The change in contact angle of Shikakai-Amyl alcohol mixtures are slightly different than that of methanol-Shikakai mixture, mostly there is a gradual increase in contact angle with the increasing in alcohol concentration. Conclusion: There is no linear relationship between cos θ and inverse of surface tension. There was a linear increase in surface free energy results with increase in concentration as more surfactant molecules were adsorbing at the interface enhancing an increase in contact angle.

Different submicellar solubilization mechanisms revealed by 1H NMR and 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 11075-11085
Author(s):  
Mengjian Wu ◽  
Zhaoxia Wu ◽  
Shangwu Ding ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Triton X

Different submicellar solubilization mechanisms of two systems, Triton X-100/tetradecane and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/butyl methacrylate, are revealed on the molecular scale by 1H NMR spectroscopy and 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY).

scholarly journals Differential Segregation Patterns of Sperm Mitochondria in Embryos of the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-894
Author(s):  
Liqin Cao ◽  
Ellen Kenchington ◽  
Eleftherios Zouros
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Male Gonad ◽  
Doubly Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Mitotracker Green

Abstract In Mytilus, females carry predominantly maternal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) but males carry maternal mtDNA in their somatic tissues and paternal mtDNA in their gonads. This phenomenon, known as doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mtDNA, presents a major departure from the uniparental transmission of organelle genomes. Eggs of Mytilus edulis from females that produce exclusively daughters and from females that produce mostly sons were fertilized with sperm stained with MitoTracker Green FM, allowing observation of sperm mitochondria in the embryo by epifluorescent and confocal microscopy. In embryos from females that produce only daughters, sperm mitochondria are randomly dispersed among blastomeres. In embryos from females that produce mostly sons, sperm mitochondria tend to aggregate and end up in one blastomere in the two- and four-cell stages. We postulate that the aggregate eventually ends up in the first germ cells, thus accounting for the presence of paternal mtDNA in the male gonad. This is the first evidence for different behaviors of sperm mitochondria in developing embryos that may explain the tight linkage between gender and inheritance of paternal mitochondrial DNA in species with DUI.

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