scholarly journals Experimental studies of reproduction and feeding for two Arctic-dwelling Calanus species exposed to crude oil

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Jensen ◽  
J Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calanus Species

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

scholarly journals USING MICROORGANISMS FOR SOIL PURIFICATION FROM HIGH-PARAFFIN CRUDE OIL

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G.Zh. Kenzhetaev ◽  
A.N. Boranbaeva ◽  
A.K. Serikbayeva ◽  
S. Syrlybekқyzy ◽  
T.Sh. Issanov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
High Degree

This paper presents the research data aimed at resolving the problem of soil purification from high-paraffin crude oil using microorganisms.Samples of oilcontaminated soil were taken from the walls of the oil storage pit at the Uzen oilfield. According to the analysis of the oilcontaminated soil samples, the share of oil was 28 %, the share of mechanical impurities – 9.7 %, and the share of water – 60 %.It has been found that according to the API(American Petroleum Institute) indicators, that oil chemical composition may contribute to its rapid decomposition during bioremediation. Paraffin hydrocarbons are also easily decomposed by bacteria. The bacterial preparation «SHER» was used in laboratory experiments.The method of bacteria immobilization with the «SHER» biological product on the medium made from screenings of shell limestone wastes has been chosen.The conditions for conducting experimental laboratory studies on cleaning oil-contaminated soils by biological remediation are described.According to the results of the research, it was established that the immobilization of bacteria of the biological product "Sher" by a carrier in the form of sifting limestone-shell rock showed a high degree of purification of oil-contaminated soil (88.63%).To study the further activity of bacteria, experiments were conducted on the secondary use of thesolution of residual mother waterof the biological product "SHER", used in the process of cleaning oil-contaminated soil.The results of experimental studies using solution of residual mother water and immobilization by screening showed the degree of soil purification (45.7%). Thus, based on the results of studies of the drug "SHER", it can be concluded that this drug can effectively neutralize oil products in the soil.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic and Heat Treatment of Crude Oils

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidar Kadyirov ◽  
Julia Karaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Heating

One of the methods of influence on rheological properties of heavy high-viscosity crude oils is ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonic treatment allows reducing the viscosity of crude oil and, therefore, reducing the costs of its production and transportation. In this paper, the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the rheological characteristics of crude oil (sample No. 1 API = 29.1, sample No. 2 API = 15.9) was investigated. An experimental method was developed. Experimental studies were carried out using the Physica MCR 102 rheometer. The influence of the intensity and duration of ultrasonic treatment on the viscosity of the initial crude oils was studied for 24 h. In addition, the rheological characteristics of the treated oil were investigated after its natural cooling to 293 K. The results are compared with similar results for thermal heating.

A Comprehensive Quantitative Evaluation Method of Emulsifying Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 518 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hua Long Liu ◽  
You Yi Zhu ◽  
Hong Yuan ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Technological Support

In order to meet the demand of a quantitative evaluation the emulsifying properties of crude oil for the chemical flooding, based on the comparative analysis of relevant methods and standards, through a large number of experimental studies, a quantitative test methods and emulsifying power of the emulsion stability were established, the concept of the emulsion integrated index was definition, a quantitative evaluation method and the evaluation of the overall performance of the crude oil emulsion grade were put forward in this paper. The method takes into account the emulsification speed and persistence of the emulsifier. The method has been included in China's petroleum industry standard, and gives a technological support for the application in the comprehensive evaluation of the displacing agent in the petroleum industry.

A Thermodynamic Model for Low Interfacial Tensions in Alkaline Flooding

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul M. Sharma ◽  
T.F. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Complex Flow ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Interfacial Tensions

Abstract Many experimental studies have been undertaken to measure interfacial tensions (IFT's) as a function of pH, salinity, temperature, and divalent ion concentrations. This behavior varies from one crude oil to another and is critical in determining its suitability as a candidate for caustic flooding. A model based on a thermodynamic analysis of crude oil/caustic interfaces has been developed that predicts the IFT behavior of such systems. The model accounts for IFT variations with changes in pH, salinity, and temperature by using parameters that must be estimated from a preliminary experimental study. The model predictions compare well with earlier reported experimental results. It is shown that the application of such a model to empirical correlations for residual oil saturations and fractional flow curves enables us to predict the changes in the fractional flow and relative permeability curves for an alkaline flood with self-sharpening fronts if the injection pH and salinity are specified. The basic equations needed to extend this model to account for divalent ions and more complex flow systems are provided in the Appendices. Introduction In the currently available literature on the subject of caustic flooding, divergent views have been expressed on the basic operating mechanism. Johnson' has summarized them into these categories: emulsification with entrainment, emulsification with entrapment, oil phase swelling, disruption of rigid films, wettability alteration, and wettability reversal. All these mechanisms have been studied and written about in some detail. Which one of them predominates in a particular flooding process depends on a variety of parameters like pore structure, injection concentrations, rock chemistry, etc. One fact, however, has emerged undisputed: The alkali reacts with the crude oil in place and generates a surface-active species, in situ, that substantially lowers the IFT and initiates the operating mechanisms. To understand these mechanisms better, we must have a more fundamental understanding of low IFT'S. It is well known that slightly water-soluble salts adsorb on interfaces and cause changes in IFT. Species like surfactants adsorb very strongly at an interface, whereas species like NaCl may actually be excluded from the interface. The presence of adsorbed surfactant molecules, besides lowering interfacial tension, may alter the mechanical properties of the interface--e.g., surface viscosity, surface film thickness, and surface viscoelasticity. As a brief overview. there have been two fundamental approaches to this problem of IFT behavior of liquid/liquid interfaces. The molecular approach involves a statistical mechanical calculation of the intermolecular forces operating at the interfaces between two phases. SPEJ P. 125^

scholarly journals Autonomous Energy-Efficient Complexes Based on Crude Oil for Working in Arctic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012142
Author(s):  
P V Roslyakov ◽  
Yu V Proskurin ◽  
B G Grisha ◽  
I L Ionkin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Operating Load ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Ignition And Combustion ◽  
New Generation

Abstract The work is devoted to solving scientific and technical problems on the development of new generation Russian power equipment. Comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of aerodynamic and heat-mass exchange processes on the ignition and combustion of crude oil in the straitened conditions of fire-tube boilers are reviewed and described. Based on the results of the research, design developments were carried out, prototypes of a fire-tube hot-water boiler with a remoted economizer and an automated low-emission burner device were manufactured and successfully tested. The efficiency of the boiler more than 94% and the reduced level of pollutants emissions in the operating load range are confirmed.

A comprehensive analysis of the properties of light crude oil in oxidation experimental studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-jun Yang ◽  
Wan-fen Pu ◽  
Hu Jia ◽  
Cheng-dong Yuan ◽  
Ji-hui Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Light Crude Oil
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