scholarly journals Definition of professionalism and tools for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Huda Dubbai ◽  
Barbara-Ann Adelstein ◽  
Silas Taylor ◽  
Boaz Shulruf
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Role

Purpose: In contemporary pharmacy, the role of pharmacists has become more multifaceted, as they now handle a wider range of tasks and take more responsibility for providing patient care than 20 years ago. This evolution in pharmacists’ responsibilities has been accompanied by the need for pharmacists to display high-quality patient-centred care and counselling, and to demonstrate professionalism, which now needs to be taught and assessed as part of pharmacy education and practice. This study aimed at identifying definitions of professionalism in pharmacy practice and critically evaluating published instruments for assessing professionalism in pharmacy practice.Methods: We searched the medical literature listed in Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. All papers meeting our selection criteria were reviewed and summarised into a clear review of professionalism requirements in pharmacy practice. Details of the instruments measuring professionalism were reviewed in detail.Results: There is no accepted simple definition of professionalism, although we identified several theoretical and policy frameworks required for professional pharmaceutical practice. We identified 4 instruments (the Behavioural Professionalism Assessment Instrument, Lerkiatbundit’s instrument, the Pharmacy Professionalism Instrument, and the Professionalism Assessment Tool that build on these frameworks and measure professional practice in pharmacy students. These were found to be reliable and valid, but had only been used and tested in student populations.Conclusion: Given the increasingly broad role of community pharmacists, there is a need for assessments of professionalism in practice. Professionalism is a complex concept that is challenging to measure because it has no standardised definition and the existing literature related to the topic is limited. Currently available instruments focus on measuring the development of the elements of professionalism among pharmacy students, rather than pharmacists.

scholarly journals Ethics Education for Contemporary Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Nigeria: Shortfalls and Needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Roland N. Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Pharmacy Ethics

The past decade has witnessed a shift in the ambitions of pharmacists away from the core role of dispensing medicines towards more interesting and rewarding relationships and responsibilities with other healthcare providers and patients. The patient-centred role of pharmacists has allowed ethical issues experienced in medical practice to surface in pharmacy practice, resulting in an increase in the number and variety of ethical dilemmas that pharmacists face in their routine pharmacy practice. Pharmacy education prepares pharmacy students for practice and must be in tune with the professional dynamics. Many countries that provide patient-centered pharmacy services have redesigned pharmacy ethics education while others are in various stages of revision of their curriculum in order to adequately equip future pharmacists with the rudiments required to handle ethical issues in clinical pharmacy practice. In contrast, in Nigeria, little or no pharmacy ethics is taught to pharmacy students and the challenge lies with the curriculum design and method of teaching.

scholarly journals Role of Pharmacy Education in Growing the Pharmacy Practice Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Kennerly ◽  
Robert J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Pharmacy Department ◽  
Pharmacy Leaders ◽  
The Relationship

The Director's Forum series is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. This article focuses on pharmacy academia's (“Academy”) role in transforming an organization's pharmacy practice model. Pharmacy students can assume an integrated and accountable role in the practice model by having defined responsibilities for patient care. This role will produce students who are best trained to meet the challenges of pharmacy practice and health care reform. To make the students successful in this role, the pharmacy director must have a specific plan for integrating pharmacy students into the model and establishing relationships with Academy leadership, most importantly with the dean of the school or college of pharmacy. If successfully executed, the relationship between the Academy and the pharmacy department will enhance the mission of developing patient-centered pharmacy services.

Emergency Preparedness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D Hurd ◽  
Stephenie Lukas ◽  
Ardis Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Response

Pharmacists, and pharmacy students, normally have a limited exposure to the principles and structures of emergency management necessary to help coordinate effective and rapid responses. However, pharmacists’ work in disaster preparedness has taken many focuses. Community pharmacists develop emergency preparedness manuals, organize health-system pharmacy teams to respond to terrorism attacks, and identify essential actions for effective emergency response. This chapter focuses on the US health care system and emergency preparedness within its borders, starting with basic terminology and concepts and then moving onto the key components of U.S. National Response Frameworks and the role of pharmacists in the Frameworks and larger emergency preparedness and planning efforts.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Curriculum Mapping of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Yeditepe University, Turkey: A Process to Assess the Consistency of a Curriculum with the Mission and Vision of an Institution and National Requirements

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Filiz Esra Önen Bayram ◽  
Meriç Köksal
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Curriculum Mapping ◽  
National Council ◽  
Competency Based Education ◽  
Quantitative Mapping ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
And Training

The changing role of the pharmacist led to some improvements of pharmacy education worldwide these last years. Curricula have evolved and the content-based education has been converted into a competency-based education. The definition of a global practice-based competency framework by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and the European Pharmacy Competencies Framework by the European the Quality Assurance in European Pharmacy Education and Training (PHAR-QA) project helps Universities to keep in with these changes. The National Council of Deans of Faculties of Pharmacy in Turkey also defined 169 competencies with their sub-competencies that have to be reached upon the completion of a pharmacy education program, yet it did not indicate how the faculties can measure if their curricula are consistent with these competencies. This study aims to provide a method for a quantitative mapping of a given curriculum in order to analyze if a curriculum fulfills the requirements defined by the National Deans Council. It also helps to easily determine the weaknesses and strengths of a program. Moreover, with this study, the consistency of the content of the courses with the mission and vision defined by an institution can be easily determined. Thus, this study can also be a useful tool for the revision and enhancement of a program according to institutional targets.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Education In Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 432-442
Author(s):  
Fonny Cokro ◽  
Pretty Falena Kambira Atmanda ◽  
Reynelda Juliani Sagala ◽  
Sherly Tandi Arrang ◽  
Dion Notario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year

Pharmacy education in Indonesia mainly involves a four-year undergraduate degree, followed by a one-year professional pharmacy programme. The curriculum and learning outcomes of undergraduate and professional pharmacy programmes follow academic standards set by the Association of Indonesian Pharmacy Higher Education, based on the Seven Star Pharmacist concept developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Most pharmacy undergraduate programmes are focused on general pharmacy skills and knowledge, which includes pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy. Professional pharmacy programmes provide more pharmacy practice training and skills; thus, graduates have broader career opportunities than undergraduates because they are prepared for higher responsibilities within pharmacy practice. Although there have been significant improvements in pharmacy education, there remain challenges related to government policies, stakeholder agreements, educational offerings, competencies, and training. This requires considerable collective efforts from the government, educational systems, associations, and other stakeholders to improve the role of pharmacists in Indonesia.

Introduction to Public Health in Pharmacy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Health Care Outcomes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Care Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

The need for texts that blend the areas of pharmacy and public health has continued to expand. Introduction to Public Health in Pharmacy (second edition), builds upon the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) Educational Outcomes report, which emphasizes public health in the domains of Foundational Knowledge and Essentials of Pharmacy Practice and Care, focusing on both patient and population health care outcomes. This second edition has (a) a strong pharmacy-relevant emphasis on the foundations of public health in pharmacy and (b) an increased emphasis on the impact of pharmacy on disease states important in public health and pharmacy in the United States and internationally. This text can be adopted for pharmacy and public health courses but would also be a valuable resource to those teaching therapeutics, patient care, disease prevention, and community engagement. In addition, it is an invaluable resource and handbook for practitioners. The focus is on the role of pharmacy in population health.

Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences at an Academic Medical Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Ashley Thompson-Quan ◽  
Judie T. Tran ◽  
Valerie Clinard
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Rotational Structure ◽  
Program Structure ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Accreditation Council ◽  
Academic Medical

Purpose Introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) for pharmacy students are required by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, but guidance for rotational structure is limited. Objective To describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of IPPE rotations at a large, multisite, academic medical center. Conclusion A large IPPE program was successfully implemented and sustained. Rapid cycle changes were made based on post rotational surveys completed by both preceptors and IPPE students to assess and modify the rotations until the average experience was rated at least a 4 on a 5 point scale, illustrating a mutually beneficial collaboration between the Medical Center and the School of Pharmacy. The IPPE program structure and capacity has continued to grow at the Medical Center in a collaborative manner.

Professional Liability for Pharmacists: A Focus on Pharmacy Practice Acts

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 886-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Munger ◽  
Jeffrey A. Green ◽  
Paul A. Greve ◽  
Lynn S. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
State Statutes ◽  
Definition Of

The increased complexity of pharmacotherapeutics and the expanded role of pharmacists in the drug-use process may bring about an increased liability exposure for failure to conform to a professional standard of care. Therefore, a survey of 51 state pharmacy practice acts was conducted: (1) to establish a nationwide statutory definition of pharmacy practice, and (2) to outline possible use of the statutes in civil and administrative law. Twenty percent of state statutes contain no definition of pharmacy practice. Of the remaining 41 states, dispensing (97.5 percent), compounding (92.5 percent), interpretation and evaluation of prescriptions (68.2 percent), and consultation (73 percent) are legally defined. Pharmacokinetic consultation, drug administration, pharmacist prescribing, and pharmaceutical research are defined in one, seven, four, and one state(s), respectively. Pharmacists may face legal responsibilities from both the courts and state boards of medical and pharmacy practice. Aggressively updating the statutes and regulations to reflect contemporary pharmacy practice may provide a mechanism for a defense in court litigation and regulatory action.

scholarly journals The Role of Rubrics in Learning and Implementation of Authentic Assessment: A Literature Review

10.28945/4606 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara A. Nkhoma ◽  
Mathews Nkhoma ◽  
Susan Thomas ◽  
Nha Quoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Improve Reliability

Aim/Purpose: This study will review the existing literature on the advantages and challenges associated with rubric design and implementation. The role of rubric as an authentic assessment instrument will also be discussed. Background: This study provides an overall understanding of ‘rubric design, the benefits and challenges of using rubrics, which will be useful for both practitioners and researchers alike. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was carried out on rubric, educational assessment, authentic assessment and other related topics. Contribution: Different types of rubrics and essential elements to create a complete rubric for classroom effectiveness are reviewed from literature to aid researchers, students and teachers who are new to using and designing rubrics. For experienced rubric designers and users, this will be an opportunity for them to get reassurance from the literature regarding good practices of rubric usage. This project will also be of use to researchers working on rubrics. Findings: A rubric is not only an assessment tool useful for students in high-stakes exam but also an educational instrument supporting learners to select appropriate learning approaches, assisting teachers to design effective instruction strategies, and improve reliability and validity of assessment. Novice learners should begin with generic rubrics due to their simplicity. Meanwhile, a task-specific rubric is more useful to improve reliability and validity of large-scale assessment. Holistic rubrics are appropriate for assessment of learning and analytic rubrics are almost indispensable in student-centred classroom and assessment for learning. Recommendations for Practitioners: A rubric as an authentic assessment instrument is useful to enhance the reliability of authentic assessment. Moreover, other empirical results indicate that rubrics play an importance role in authentic assessment regardless of levels or disciplines. Recommendations for Researchers: Those carrying out research on rubrics, rubric design and authentic assessment will find this paper useful as a point of reference to inform their research. Impact on Society: The findings apply to both learners and instructors in terms of analyzing best practices when using rubrics. The paper highlights that there are three main factors that determine the effectiveness of a rubric in improving students’ performance: namely, the users’ perception, the design, and the purpose of using rubrics. Rubric designing variables should also be optimized based on reliable data and information about the target educational context. Armed with this information, instructors will be in a better position to optimise the learning experience of their students. Future Research: Systemic literature reviews with data analysis from both qualitative and quantitative findings should be carried out in the future to identify current trends and the role of rubrics in learning.

scholarly journals Perception of Jordanian Pharmacy Students towards Community Pharmacy-Virtual Training Experience during COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Barakat ◽  
Rajaa A. Al-Qudah ◽  
Rana Abu Farha ◽  
Husam A. ALSalamat ◽  
Amal Akour
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Community Pharmacy Practice

Abstract Background: Nowadays, it is clear for the whole world that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had substantial consequences on various sectors including social, economic and education. Pharmacy education includes community pharmacy practice training, and in many schools, it has been shifted to virtual modality utilizing distance learning. This study aims to assess the perception of pharmacy students towards community pharmacy practice virtual training during the COVID-19 period. Methods: Senior pharmacy students were included in this study. Accredited and certified community pharmacy preceptors were asked to simulate the community pharmacy training and record that as videos, which were evaluated and assessed by expert academics before being delivered to students. A validated online questionnaire was then distributed for the students for self-administration through Microsoft teams to evaluate their perception. Results: A convenience sample (n=109) of senior pharmacy students were recruited. The majority of the participants were females (70.6%) and the median age of students was 22.0 years (IQR= 1). Around half of the participants showed positive perceptions towards the virtual training module and the pharmacy training preceptors. A 46.8% of the students benefited from the virtual training in time management and 43.1% in developing lifelong learning skills. The absence of eye contact during the learning was the most important barrier revealed by the students (52.3%). Half of the students agreed/strongly agreed that combining the virtual and conventional techniques for future training would improve training outcomesConclusion: This is the first study assessing perception towards virtual training in Jordan, which was positive among pharmacy students. Such results could spot the light on the value of hybrid education and training (virtual with actual) in the pharmacy field. However, there is a crucial need for well-designed studied modules to comply with the intended learning outcomes.

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