scholarly journals Quantum contextuality in classical information retrieval

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Roman Zapatrin
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
Quantum Contextuality

The Semantics of Change as Revealed Through an Examination of Financial Accounting Standards Amendments

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid E. Fisher ◽  
Margaret R. Garnsey
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Latent Semantic Indexing ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Indexing ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
It Support ◽  
Preliminary Support

Financial accounting standards (FASs) are frequently changed by formal amendment. Frequent amendment imposes costs upon the users of these standards. Research into amendments and the amendment process is strikingly absent. A better understanding of what is amended and how often such amendments occur may facilitate a reduction in the frequency of such amendments enabling a corresponding reduction in the associated costs. This study examines a sample of 567 amendments to FASs. Classical information retrieval techniques are applied to establish whether meaningfully related clusters of amendments can be identified. Identified clusters are compared to a descriptive taxonomy of change (FAS amendments) proposed by Fisher (2004) to determine whether the clusters fit within the framework of the taxonomy, thereby lending it support. The results demonstrate the ability of classical information retrieval techniques to identify significant clusters of amendments and extend the applicability of the techniques into the FAS domain. In addition, the identified clusters provide preliminary support for the proposed taxonomy of change. We propose future research using amendments inserted into the original pronouncements in order to provide the context for the amendments. The additional context should enhance the ability of latent semantic indexing to identify meaningful clusters and may provide stronger support for the taxonomy.

scholarly journals Rethinking search

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Donald Metzler ◽  
Yi Tay ◽  
Dara Bahri ◽  
Marc Najork
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Domain Expert ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Classical Information ◽  
Question Answering Systems

When experiencing an information need, users want to engage with a domain expert, but often turn to an information retrieval system, such as a search engine, instead. Classical information retrieval systems do not answer information needs directly, but instead provide references to (hopefully authoritative) answers. Successful question answering systems offer a limited corpus created on-demand by human experts, which is neither timely nor scalable. Pre-trained language models, by contrast, are capable of directly generating prose that may be responsive to an information need, but at present they are dilettantes rather than domain experts - they do not have a true understanding of the world, they are prone to hallucinating, and crucially they are incapable of justifying their utterances by referring to supporting documents in the corpus they were trained over. This paper examines how ideas from classical information retrieval and pre-trained language models can be synthesized and evolved into systems that truly deliver on the promise of domain expert advice.

Demonstration of the Use of Tape-Recorded Information from a High Vacuum Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Richard E. Hartman ◽  
Roberta S. Hartman ◽  
Peter L. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Continuous Record

We have long felt that some form of electronic information retrieval would be more desirable than conventional photographic methods in a high vacuum electron microscope for various reasons. The most obvious of these is the fact that with electronic data retrieval the major source of gas load is removed from the instrument. An equally important reason is that if any subsequent analysis of the data is to be made, a continuous record on magnetic tape gives a much larger quantity of data and gives it in a form far more satisfactory for subsequent processing.

Stain contamination and embedding in electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Contrast Information

Many factors (e.g., resolution of microscope, type of tissue, and preparation of sample) affect electron microscopical images and alter the amount of information that can be retrieved from a specimen. Of interest in this report are those factors associated with the evaluation of epoxy embedded tissues. In this context, informational retrieval is dependant, in part, on the ability to “see” sample detail (e.g., contrast) and, in part, on tue quality of sample preservation. Two aspects of this problem will be discussed: 1) epoxy resins and their effect on image contrast, information retrieval, and sample preservation; and 2) the interaction between some stains commonly used for enhancing contrast and information retrieval.

Information and Dose in the Scanning Transmission Ion Microscope

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Fox T. R. ◽  
R. Levi-Setti
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Screening Length ◽  
Relative Damage ◽  
Scanning Transmission

At an earlier meeting [1], we discussed information retrieval in the scanning transmission ion microscope (STIM) compared with the electron microscope at the same energy. We treated elastic scattering contrast, using total elastic cross sections; relative damage was estimated from energy loss data. This treatment is valid for “thin” specimens, where the incident particles suffer only single scattering. Since proton cross sections exceed electron cross sections, a given specimen (e.g., 1 μg/cm2 of carbon at 25 keV) may be thin for electrons but “thick” for protons. Therefore, we now extend our previous analysis to include multiple scattering. Our proton results are based on the calculations of Sigmund and Winterbon [2], for 25 keV protons on carbon, using a Thomas-Fermi screened potential with a screening length of 0.0226 nm. The electron results are from Crewe and Groves [3] at 30 keV.

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