Recommendations For Restoration Of Historical Transparent Coatings In Pushkin Museum

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Spiridonov ◽  
Nina P. Umnyakova ◽  
Boris L. Valkin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Transparent Coatings ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Certified Software ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Due to the intensification of historical buildings restoration works that are cultural monuments and related to architectural monuments, numerous questions arise about the possibility of increasing the efficiency of translucent structures, including their energy efficiency, using modern innovative technologies. The cost of competent reconstruction of windows and lanterns with the preservation of historical elements is much higher than the cost of standard modern structures, as a result of which there are numerous examples of barbaric illegal replacement of historical windows with modern ones. This not only spoils the appearance of buildings, but also contradicts federal laws (with all the ensuing consequences). Earlier, NIISF RAASN carried out multifactorial field studies of historical translucent coverings of a cultural monument of federal significance – the main building of the Pushkin Museum, on the basis of which their inconsistency with modern requirements for such structures was established. According to the technical assignment and the project for the reconstruction of the building, 13 options were proposed for the possible restoration of these coatings. To assess the proposed options, a comprehensive computer simulation and corresponding calculations were carried out in accordance with the certified software package “WINDOW TECT”. On the basis of the conducted examinations and computer calculations, optimal solutions were proposed for the restoration of historical translucent coatings of the main building of the Pushkin Museum, providing for the preservation of the original elements of metal structures and ensuring an increase in the thermal characteristics of the lantern and side lamp.

Renovating the View of Cost Sharing for the Underground Low Voltage Cable Projects in Hanoi

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thu Ha ◽  
Phan Dieu Huong
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Well Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sharing Responsibility ◽  
The Cost

Underground power grid projects in Hanoi is so urgent that it requires immediate implementation. To synchronously and quickly implement the underground power grid projects, people in charge should not follow the outdated perspectives of just including the power industry, but also need to call for the support and cost sharing responsibility from consumers. This paper aims at approaching the subject both from the producers and consumers’ perspectives to together sharing the cost of putting the power grid underground not only in Hanoi but other metropolitans in Vietnam as well. Field studies (including 104 families) at Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi and CBA method were applied to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) level of consumers to share the cost with the power industry for the underground power grid projects in Hanoi. The overview of the results shows that cost for the underground power grid in Hoan Kiem District ranging from 30,000 VND/household/month to 46,000VND/household/month. On the other hand, the willingness to pay of a typical household of four people within Hoan Kiem District ranges from 17,000VND/month to 24,000VND/month, with the most favorable method of annual payment within a detailed timeline.

scholarly journals Determining the critical period for weed control in high-yielding cotton using common sunflower as a mimic weed

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham W. Charles ◽  
Brian M. Sindel ◽  
Annette L. Cowie ◽  
Oliver G. G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planting Season

AbstractField studies were conducted over six seasons to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in high-yielding cotton, using common sunflower as a mimic weed. Common sunflower was planted with or after cotton emergence at densities of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 plants m−2. Common sunflower was added and removed at approximately 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 growing degree days (GDD) after planting. Season-long interference resulted in no harvestable cotton at densities of five or more common sunflower plants m−2. High levels of intraspecific and interspecific competition occurred at the highest weed densities, with increases in weed biomass and reductions in crop yield not proportional to the changes in weed density. Using a 5% yield-loss threshold, the CPWC extended from 43 to 615 GDD, and 20 to 1,512 GDD for one and 50 common sunflower plants m−2, respectively. These results highlight the high level of weed control required in high-yielding cotton to ensure crop losses do not exceed the cost of control.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY OF DEVICE OF FENCING METAL STRUCTURES IN CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Elena Korol ◽  
Zarina Chipova
Keyword(s):  
Underground Structures ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
Selection Of

Urban motor transport complex engineering structures, the construction of which is carried out for a long time, and the cost is often tunnels of structures. Despite this, urban tunnels remain in demand as a means of solving transport problems, especially for large cities, in areas with dense urban development or an established architectural appearance, the violation of which is unacceptable. The construction of tunnels makes it possible to increase the throughput of highways, especially in places of large intersections, one of the diverting high-intensity transit traffic flows underground, making them invisible on the surface and thus not disrupting the existing historical appearance of the area.

Study on the Strategies for Fabrication of Die Assembly with Typical Shaped Cavity by Using Electrical Discharge Machining

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Ren Yu Feng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Zhi Jian Duan
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Machining Strategies ◽  
Edm Process

Die assembly is a kind of special tools for fabrication of metal or non-metallic materials parts with required design and purpose. Generally, the high material hardness for die assembly should be selected to increase the service life and reduce the cost in manufactory industry. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a suitable method for fabrication of die assembly as the material remove in EDM process mainly depends on the material's thermal characteristics, regardless of the hardness. In this paper, the machining strategies for fabrication of die assembly with typical shaped cavity using EDM were discussed, according to the different cavity structures, the best machining strategies were proposed

scholarly journals Religious Regulation and Churches’ Responses—A Case Study on the Anti-Demolition Actions of Christians in Wenzhou

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Market Operation ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
The Cost

This article focuses on the characteristics, causes, and patterns of the anti-demolition actions by churches in Wenzhou. Based on my six field studies from July 2014 to February 2016, I discovered that: (1) these actions are more explicit in Wenzhou churches due to their regional distinctiveness; (2) a wide range of differences can be observed among Wenzhou churches due to their doctrinal diversity; and (3) ‘poor pastors’ have taken the leadership roles in the anti-demolition activities instead of the ‘boss Christians’. Considering the ongoing tension in the Chinese religious environment between central government planning and free market operation, the author points out that the pastoral district system in Wenzhou plays a very important role in anti-demolition and offers the ‘cost–benefit’ exchange theory to explain the pattern of the anti-demolition activities by Wenzhou churches.

Weed-Control Systems for Peanut Grown as a Biofuel Feedstock

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Christopher L. Main
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm

Peanuts are not often used as a true oilseed crop, especially for the production of fuel. However, peanut could be a feedstock for biodiesel, especially in on-farm or small cooperative businesses, where producers can dictate the cost of making their own fuel. Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to assess low-cost weed-control systems for peanuts that would facilitate the economic viability of peanut biodiesel. Four preselected herbicide costs ranging from $25 to $62/ha and two application timings were compared with nontreated ($0/ha) and typical ($115/ha) herbicide programs for weed control and peanut oil yield. A peanut oil yield goal of 930 L/ha was exceeded with multiple low-cost herbicide systems in 3 of 4 site–yr. The main effect of application timing was only significant for a single site–year in which oil yield increased linearly with cost of the PRE and POST weed-control system. An herbicide cost of $50/ha, using PRE and POST applications, was consistently among the highest in oil yield, regardless of site–year, exceeding the typical (high value) programs in 3 of 4 site–yr. Use of reduced rates of imazapic (0.5× or 0.035 kg ai/ha) was detrimental in 2 of 4 site–yr. Weed control, and thus oil yields, were most dependent on species present at each location and not on input price. Data from this series of studies will allow researchers and entrepreneurs to more accurately assess the viability and sustainability of peanut biodiesel.

Strength and Deformation of Bendable Plastic-Concrete-Tubal Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Dolzhenko ◽  
Andrey E. Naumov ◽  
Andrey V. Shevchenko ◽  
N.A. Simonov
Keyword(s):  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Plastic Concrete ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
The Cost

In modern construction production, structures with the use of tube concrete elements are increasingly used [1]. The use of such structures can significantly reduce the weight of the building, as well as reduce the cost of construction and installation works by 2-3 times compared with similar structures made of classical reinforced concrete. At the same time, labor costs are reduced by 4–5 times. In comparison with metal structures, the cost is significantly reduced and the steel consumption is reduced by a factor of 2–3 with a slight increase in weight. Currently in our country the use of tube concrete structures is not widespread due to insufficient study of their work under various influences. The tube in tube concrete structures simultaneously plays the role of a shell, as well as longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. For a classic tube concrete, the tube is able to perceive the resulting forces from different angles and in all directions. Concrete in the plastic tube, being in conditions of triaxial compression and withstands stresses considerably exceeding the cube and prism strength of concrete. In such structures, the tube prevents the formation of microcracks in the concrete core.

Evaluating the Cost and Effectiveness of Customer Training Methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-331
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Customer Training

The talk will deal with alternative methods of training customers to use new telephone services. Various measures of training effectiveness will be discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations. It will be argued that several measures—including cost—must be taken into account when evaluating training approaches. Two field studies will be described that examine several different types of training: (1) “Hands On” (demonstration) vs. “No Hands On” training; (2) Media-based vs. Lecture-based training; (3) “Live” training vs. Self-Instruction. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be described in terms of several measures of training effectiveness.

Thermal Insulation Features of Residential Historical Buildings in the Case of Saint-Petersburg

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1477-1485
Author(s):  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Viktor Pukhkal ◽  
Nikolay Vatin
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Polystyrene Foam ◽  
Internal Heating ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Protective Regulations ◽  
Cultural Monuments

Stiff requirements for power consumption in buildings made it necessary to keep historical buildings of Saint-Petersburg warm. The majority of buildings in the historical center of Saint-Petersburg are historical and cultural monuments under protection.Existing protective regulations do not allow any changes in front facades of buildings rich in architectural decorations. However, courtyard facades, as a rule, can be exposed to exterior changes. This gives grounds for different approaches to heat facades of historical buildings. The article mainly focuses on internal heating of front facades. A construction for heating exterior walls based on extrusion-type polystyrene foam panels has been suggested herein. A required thickness of insulating material has been determined and moisture regime for insulated and non-insulated exterior walls has been analyzed. Recommendations to choose constructions for internal insulation of exterior walls in historical buildings of Saint-Petersburg have been elaborated.

scholarly journals The Main Tasks of Forensic Research Conducted in Trials on Land Disputes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Butyrin ◽  
O. V. Zhukova ◽  
E. B. Stativa
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Land Plot ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Land Disputes ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
The Cost

The article provides a list and details the content of tasks solved within the forensic land survey and construction examinations assigned during trials on land disputes. Said tasks are classified by the type of conducted research.  The work of a forensic expert in a case begins with the establishment of presence (absence) of the object of examination (the existential task). At first, the presence of title, legal, and other documents for the disputed land and buildings (structures) located on it is established. In the absence of certain documents necessary for the study, the expert takes measures to replace them. When conducting field studies, the expert establishes the existence of civil dispute’s objects on the ground. After that, the expert solves the identification task – establishes the identity of these objects with their documentary display. It also should be identified to which specific class, kind, type the object belongs (addressing classification task) – it allows verifying the category of land and the type of permitted use of the disputed land; recognizing the kind, type, and functional purpose of the construction objects located on it.  The solution of the attributive task aims at identifying the properties of the objects under examination, which relate to its subject, the content of questions raised by the court before the expert. The solution of the situational task helps to establish the relative position of objects. The expert determines whether there is an intersection of the borders of adjacent plots, sets the distance from construction sites to the boundaries of the land. Particular attention is paid to structures that are sources of negative impact on the neighboring property. The position of the property regarding the zones with special conditions of the use is also to be determined. The purpose of addressing the diagnostic task is to ascertain the condition of the land in terms of possibility to use it for its intended purpose taking into account the type of permitted use and to determine the technical condition of construction objects located on the land plot. The cost task solution aims at determining the market, and other value of the land, the number of costs required to restore the land after being exposed to destructive natural and technogenic factors. The main direction of research when solving the transformative task is to ascertain the possibility and develop options for a real division of the land plot and the construction sites located on it between their owners following the conditions set by the court.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document