Night Sky Background Brightness Estimation by the Example of the St. Petersburg City

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Kolgushkina ◽  
Victor T. Prokopenko ◽  
Svetlana V. Roslyakova
Keyword(s):  
Lighting Design ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Master Planning ◽  
Big City ◽  
Actual Direction ◽  
Observation Position ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
Python Programming ◽  
Background Brightness

Within the big city boundaries, artificial component of the sky glow increases every year. The main reasons are the expansion of the cities, the rapid growth of technical capabilities, inefficient lighting design without master-planning and lack of quality control of lighting projects. The data of astronomical observations confirm a significant brightness increasing in the lower atmosphere due to factors of terrestrial origin. The problem is mostly acute for observatories are located near major cities, which are struggling for the possibility of further research. Night sky background glow estimation is an actual direction for research in the modern world. The paper considers a model for calculating the sky brightness for the St. Petersburg city. According to the developed model observation position is located near the Pulkovo Observatory. The model is based on the Garstang’s method with use of Python programming language.

Romantic Fantasies in the Big City

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-45
Author(s):  
Tyler Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Big City ◽  
Social Scientific

Chapter 1 begins by following the seamstress Frieda Kliem as she moves in 1902 from a rural province to the metropolis of Berlin. As Frieda looks for work, lodging, and acquaintances and then ultimately starts her own business and turns down the matchmaking efforts of a new friend, she personifies the “struggle for existence” that confronted working- and lower-middle-class Berliners, especially single women. After exploring popular cultural and social-scientific perspectives on the plights of men and women in the emerging city alongside the real-life stories that lent them such resonance, this chapter examines Berliners’ fixation on fate and the fortuitous encounter as a path to love. It argues that these imagined rendezvouses, which remained off-limits for respectable Berliners, are best understood as an attempt by Berliners to balance their attraction to the freedoms and possibilities of the modern world with the ever-present awareness of the risks associated with it.

scholarly journals Christian in the modern world: S. S. Averintsev's mission

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16028
Author(s):  
Platon Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Actual Direction ◽  
Orthodox Theology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The methods of study and presentation by S. Averintsev Orthodox Christian tradition were considered. The role of the semiotic method in the study of Christianity by Averintsev was defined and the relationship of this method and content of the results of his research was revealed. The identified errors in the presentation of Orthodox theology are considered as the result of ignoring a number of significanat texts of the Orthodox tradition. Methods: description, comparison, analysis, contextual and semiotic analysis. It is established that semiotics is an actual direction of study in modern science, and the semiotic method was used by Averintsev in the study of early Byzantine literature. In particular, the scholar used diffusive and functional approaches when considering texts, paying attention to the context of the use of a language unit, which is a sign of the semiotic method. Errors of S.S. Averintsev in the presentation of Orthodox theology (in sophiology and mariology) are the result of incorrect application of the semiotic method, ignoring the essential texts that create the context of the studied tradition. The analysis of the semiotic approach used By S. S. Averintsev in the study of culture, presented in this article, has not been carried out before. It is concluded that all essential texts of the tradition must be taken into account for authentic presentation of Orthodox theology, which is facilitated by the use of the semiotic method.

scholarly journals Night-time monitoring of the aerosol content of the lower atmosphere by differential photometry of the anthropogenic skyglow

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. L47-L51
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kocifaj ◽  
Salvador Bará
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Direct Estimate ◽  
Sky Brightness ◽  
Night Sky ◽  
Night Sky Brightness

ABSTRACT Night-time monitoring of the aerosol content of the lower atmosphere is a challenging task, because appropriate reference natural light sources are lacking. Here, we show that the anthropogenic night-sky brightness due to city lights can be successfully used for estimating the aerosol optical depth of arbitrarily thick atmospheric layers. This method requires measuring the zenith night-sky brightness with two detectors located at the limiting layer altitudes. Combined with an estimate of the overall atmospheric optical depth (available from ground-based measurements or specific satellite products), the ratio of these radiances provides a direct estimate of the differential aerosol optical depth of the air column between these two altitudes. These measurements can be made with single-channel low-cost radiance detectors widely used by the light pollution research community.

Humanitarianism in the Modern World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Götz ◽  
Georgina Brewis ◽  
Steffen Werther
Keyword(s):  
Modern World

Bird Life of a Big City

1918 ◽  
Vol 86 (2218supp) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Lee S. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Big City
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