scholarly journals Myrmica scabrinodis as a possible host of Myrmica hirsuta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Pavel Pech ◽  
Kristýna Prusková
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Myrmica Scabrinodis ◽  
Lower Tolerance

In a previous study most males of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) were caught in valleys, whereas almost all females were distributed on slopes in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. To help understand this phenomenon, male mate location behaviours were observed in different landscapes of the Tianshan Mountains. In valleys, males exhibited perching behaviour. On slopes, spatial distribution of males showed patrolling behaviour on meadows, but intermediate behaviour between perching and patrolling at forest edge. The temporal distribution of males also varied, being found on slopes from 7:00 to 18:00, but in valleys from 8:00 to 13:00 each day. Ambient temperatures were higher on slopes than those in valleys between 8:00 to 13:00. Males exhibited lower tolerance to high temperature than females, leading to the conclusion that valleys are more likely to be used by males as thermoregulation sites, rather than for mating.

scholarly journals Different male mate location behaviour of the Glanville fritillary butterfly in different landscapes in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
Houqiang Chen ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Yu Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lower Tolerance

In a previous study most males of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) were caught in valleys, whereas almost all females were distributed on slopes in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. To help understand this phenomenon, male mate location behaviours were observed in different landscapes of the Tianshan Mountains. In valleys, males exhibited perching behaviour. On slopes, spatial distribution of males showed patrolling behaviour on meadows, but intermediate behaviour between perching and patrolling at forest edge. The temporal distribution of males also varied, being found on slopes from 7:00 to 18:00, but in valleys from 8:00 to 13:00 each day. Ambient temperatures were higher on slopes than those in valleys between 8:00 to 13:00. Males exhibited lower tolerance to high temperature than females, leading to the conclusion that valleys are more likely to be used by males as thermoregulation sites, rather than for mating.

scholarly journals Phase separation during blood spreading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssine Benabdelhalim ◽  
David Brutin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pool Area

AbstractBlood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C , $$29~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 29 ∘ C , and $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C to $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

Habitat utilization of the Glanville fritillary butterfly in the Tianshan Mountains, China, and its implication for conservation

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Yundong Cao ◽  
Houqiang Chen ◽  
Yu Long ◽  
Fengming Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly

scholarly journals The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Process Gases within the Biowaste Compost

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Stegenta ◽  
Karolina Sobieraj ◽  
Grzegorz Pilarski ◽  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Measurement ◽  
Process Gases

Composting is generally accepted as the sustainable recycling of biowaste into a useful and beneficial product for soil. However, composting processes can produce gases that are considered air pollutants. In this dataset, we summarized the spatial and temporal distribution of process gases (including rarely reported carbon monoxide, CO) generated inside full-scale composting piles. In total 1375 cross-sections were made and presented in 230 figures. The research aimed to investigate the phenomenon of gas evolution during the composting of biowaste depending on the pile turning regime (no turning, turning once a week, and turning twice a week) and pile location (outdoors, and indoors in a composting hall). The analyzed biowaste (a mixture of tree leaves and branches, grass clippings, and sewage sludge) were composted in six piles with passive aeration including additional turning at a municipal composting plant. The chemical composition and temperature of process gases within each pile were analyzed weekly for ~49–56 days. The variations in the degree of pile aeration (O2 content), temperature, and the spatial distribution of CO, CO2 and NO concentration during the subsequent measurement cycles were summarized and visualized. The lowest O2 concentrations were associated with the central (core) part of the pile. Similarly, an increase in CO content in the pile core sections was found, which may indicate that CO is oxidized in the upper layer of composting piles. Higher CO and CO2 concentrations and temperature were also observed in the summer season, especially on the south side of piles located outdoors. The most varied results were for the NO concentrations that occurred in all conditions. The dataset was used by the composting plant operator for more sustainable management. Specifically, the dataset allowed us to make recommendations to minimize the environmental impact of composting operations and to lower the risk of worker exposure to CO. The new procedure is as follows: turning of biowaste twice a week for the first two weeks, followed by turning once a week for the next two weeks. Turning is not necessary after four weeks of the process. The recommended surface-to-volume ratio of a compost pile should not exceed 2.5. Compost piles should be constructed with a surface-to-volume ratio of less than 2 in autumn and early spring when low ambient temperatures are common.

scholarly journals Food relocation and the nesting behavior in Scarabaeus and Kheper (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Halffter ◽  
Violeta Halffter ◽  
Mario E. Favila
Keyword(s):  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Joint Activity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Almost All

In recent years much has been learned about the intrasexual relationships and nesting behavior of Scarabaeus Linnaeus and Kheper Janseen. In this study, based on the published literature, aswell as our unpublished observations, the intra- and intersexual relationships during periods of feeding, copulation and nesting are analyzed in detail for both genera. We define two types of behavior: 1) One that we refer to as the sacer type, the most characteristic traits of which are the male offering the female a prenuptial ball of dung which she consumes but does not use for nesting; later when the ovary is mature the female can nest alone without copulating again and without the support of the male. 2) That which occurs in several African species of Scarabaeus and Kheper where the female copulates with different males, but once the ovary is developed nesting is a joint activity carried out by the male and female; the female making one or several brood balls from the rolled and buried dung ball and all of the brood balls receiving postoviposition care. Although almost all nesting females store sperm from previous copulations in their spermathecae, the presence of the last male mate during nesting appears to be associated with an increase in his paternity as he is the last male to have copulated with the female and prevents the intrusion of other males.

scholarly journals Assessment of Temporal Distribution of Noise Pollution in Delhi using ArcGIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Raunak Sinha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Major City ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Level Government

Noise pollution affects day-to-day life both mentally and physically. Hence, it’s a growing problem in every major city of the world. Many diseases have been proven to be associated directly with rise in noise level. To combat the noise level government agencies have laid down certain guidelines which suggest noise level in different location to be in prescribed limits. These noise limits is different for different land-use pattern and also different for different timings also. Daytime generally experiences more noise level than night time in almost all the locations. In present study, noise level of a particular day of 24 hr is taken from 26 locations. These noise levels are used to construct noise map in ArcGIS for Delhi for both daytime ad night time. These noise maps are used to present a comparative study of noise pollution between daytime and night time. Research Study suggest that in the daytime most of the area of Delhi experiences 55-60 dB noise level while in the night time it is experienced that most of the location in Delhi, noise level is 50-55 dB.

It takes two to tango: female movement facilitates male mate location in wild northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon)

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Jellen ◽  
Robert D. Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Female Sex Pheromone ◽  
Nerodia Sipedon ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Male Mate ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Limited Period

To facilitate location of mating partners, females of many taxa emit chemical signals (i.e., sex pheromones) to inform male conspecifics of their location and reproductive status. Males subsequently alter their movements to increase their likelihood of encountering females and this movement has been historically viewed as a primary determinant of mate location. However, because of the method of female sex pheromone release, particularly via terrestrial trails, female movement likely contributes to mate location; however, information on this topic is lacking. We monitored the movements of 27 free-ranging radio-equipped adult female northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) during the 2007–2009 mating seasons to determine if females employed movement tactics to facilitate location by males. For a limited period following shedding, female movement increased. During this period, they were approximately five times more likely to be located by a male than during the remainder of the mating period. Further, females experienced maximum male mate location following shedding. Because increased movement is associated with increased costs, females may minimise these costs by restricting this risky behavior to a limited period of time when their attractiveness and/or receptiveness is presumed to peak.

scholarly journals The characteristics of the air pollution of a transition economy city: The example of Belgrade

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 889-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zujic ◽  
Bojan Radak ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All

The results of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke (BS) levels in the Belgrade metropolitan area, the only pollutants measured at almost all 20 monitoring stations set up in the area, were critically analyzed, the most reliable ones select and the pollution characteristics were defined in these terms. Belgrade was found to have pollution typical for a city in economical transition - still high SO2 and BS levels, with seasonal variation, while moderate NO2 levels. This is discussed in terms of sources, as well as spatial and temporal distribution. .

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