scholarly journals Description of the third instar larva of a hypogean ground beetle, Trechus alicantinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Ortuño ◽  
Ana Sofia Reboleira
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Laboratory Breeding

Description and illustrations are provided for the third instar larva of Trechus alicantinus Español, 1971 obtained from a laboratory breeding. This paper aims to contribute to increase the general knowledge about microendemic hypogean species of the east of the Iberian Peninsula. Besides, it expands the existing knowledge about the preimaginal stages of the genus Trechus and the whole tribe Trechini (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Larvae can give additional information about the life style of the species. Larvae can also express, even more than the imagos, some apomorphic characters, traditionally considered a result of adaptation to the hypogean habitat, such as the regression of ocular structures. The characteristic lack of stemmata is discussed. This type of event, which also appears in other Trechini larvae, is probably more related to phylogenetic lineages than with an adaptive response to hypogean environment.

scholarly journals The preimaginal stages of Galerita ruficollis Dejean, 1825 and the position of the tribe Galeritini in the classification of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 527-561
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Makarov ◽  
Andrey V. Matalin
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larva

The complete development cycle of Galerita (Galerita) ruficollis Dejean, 1825 was studied for the first time. In laboratory, at a temperature of 22 °C and long-day conditions, the development from egg to adult lasted 58–60 days. The development of the third instar larva lasted particularly long (on average, 19 days), and the most intense increase in biomass (from 20 to 100 mg) was observed at that phase as well. The extended embryonic development (11–20 days) and the relatively short development time of the third instar larva were found to be characteristic of G. ruficollis. The bifurcated protrusion of the anterior edge of the head was proven to represent an outgrowth of the frontal sclerite (frontale), but not of the nasale, as believed previously. The chaetotaxy of Galerita larvae is described in detail for the first time. Based on larval features, the monophyly of the Galeritini + Dryptini group is confirmed. Based on the morphology of the larvae and pupae, this group can be suggested as occupying a separate position within the Truncatipennia, possibly being related to the assemblage that includes Pterostichini, Harpalini, Licinini, Chlaenini, and Platynini. The monophyly of Zuphiitae (sensu Erwin and Sims 1984; Erwin 1985) and the Zuphiitae clade (sensu Ober and Maddison 2008) is confirmed.

scholarly journals Morphology of preimaginal stages of Lipara pullitarsis Doskočil & Chvála, 1971 (Diptera: Chloropidae) — a gall-forming fly in the common reed (Phragmites australis)

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grochowska
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Facial Mask ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Third Instar Larva

All preimaginal stages of Lipara pullitarsis are described and illustrated. The facial mask, cephaloskeleton, spiracles and locomotory structures are considered. This is the first description ofthe first- and second-instar larva. The descriptions of the third-instar larva, egg and puparium are expanded. This paper forms a basis for a complete description of the life history of this fly.

Further Studies of the Third Instar Larval Cuticle of Calliphora erythrocephala

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (34) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
L. S. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
The Third ◽  
Puparium Formation ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

The penetration and reduction of ammoniacal silver nitrate solution in the epicuticle of the larva of Calliphora was studied. The epicuticle of the third instar larva is more permeable over the muscle insertions and cuticular sense organs. This finding is related to their development at the previous moult. A surface layer of orientated wax is not present. Proteinaceous and fatty materials from the feeding medium modify the properties of the cuticle surface. Chloroformmethanol extracts a soft light brown acidic lipide from the protein of the epicuticle after contaminants from the medium are removed. The water loss from larvae and puparia of different ages and after various treatments was studied. Young puparia recover from abrasion but larvae do not. An hypothesis that waxy substances are liberated on to the surface of the puparium during hardening and darkening of the cuticle is presented and discussed. The pore canals penetrate the endocuticle until they are cut off from the epidermis by the development of the prepupal cuticle just after the puparial contraction. An inner endocuticle in which pore canals were absent was not found. The structure of the pore canals as shown by phase contrast examination is discussed. The pore canals are three times more concentrated in the lateral regions than in the dorsal or ventral regions. The oenocytes go through a secretory cycle during puparium formation similar to that occurring before moulting of the larva.

Description of the Third-instar Larva and Adult Male of Megasoma sleeperi Hardy (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

10.1649/857.1 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Matthew Van Dam ◽  
Alex Van Dam ◽  
Michael D. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larva

Description of the Third-Instar Larva of Monopsyllus Wagneri (Baker) (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)1

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Stark ◽  
Eduardo G. Campos ◽  
Robert E. Elbel
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larva

scholarly journals Storage and Utilization of Reserves by the Garden Chafer, Phyllopertha Horticola L

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-575
Author(s):  
ROGER LAUGHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Phyllopertha Horticola ◽  
Third Instar Larva

1. Samples of all stages of Phyllopertha horticola L. have been analysed for fat, total nitrogen and glycogen. 2. Total nitrogen increases throughout the larval feeding period, while fat and glycogen are laid down mainly in the latter half. 3. From November, when the third-instar larva goes into hibernation, until June, when the eggs have been matured and laid, no food is taken. 4. Of the store of fat and glycogen in the hibernating larva at the beginning of the winter, half is used up by the time the adult emerges. The other half is used in the formation of eggs. 5. Adult feeding provides energy for the post-oviposition activity period.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Campoy ◽  
Celeste Pérez-Bañón ◽  
Tore R. Nielsen ◽  
Santos Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The flower- or hoverflies (Syrphidae) and particularly the subfamily Eristalinae, are known by their importance as pollinators in both natural and agro-ecosystems. Similar to other saprophagous eristalines, the larvae of Eristalis Latreille, 1804 are characterized by an elongated anal segment and a telescopic breathing tube. These features have given them the common name of rat-tailed maggots and allow them to develop in liquid or semi-liquid media loaded with decaying organic material. This paper presents the first description of the egg and the third-instar larva of the boreal species Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838). Morphological studies are presented based on cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). After comparison with all other known species of the genus Eris-talis with described preimaginal morphology, we conclude that main diagnostic character of E. fratercula is the presence of long branched spicules located in the upper margin on the lateral lips. Finally, we provide an updated key that includes the 15 Eristalis species whose third larval stages have already been described.

Description of the second- and third instar larvae of Platynectes (s. str.) decemnotatus (Aubé, 1838) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Agabinae: Platynectini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4544 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
CESAR J. BENETTI ◽  
MARIANO C. MICHAT ◽  
YVES ALARIE ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larva ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The second- and third instar larvae of Platynectes (s. str.) decemnotatus (Aubé, 1838) are described and illustrated in detail for the first time, with special emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Larvae of P. decemnotatus can be distinguished from most other Agabinae by having secondary setae on the urogomphus and share with the other known species described in detail the presence of a ventroapical spinula on antennomere 3 and the absence of an occipital suture, natatory dorsal setae on tibia and tarsus and natatory setae on urogomphus. Platynectes decemnotatus larvae differ from larvae of Agabus Leach, 1817, Hydrotrupes Sharp, 1882 (currently in Hydrotrupini), Ilybiosoma Crotch, 1873, Ilybius Erichson, 1832 and the previously described Platynectes species in having a one-segmented urogomphus, a character previously observed only in larvae of Agabinus Crotch, 1873. The second- and third instar larvae of P. decemnotatus differ from those of P. (Agametrus) curtulus (Régimbart, 1899) in having the apical lateroventral process of antennomere 3 protruding (not protruding in P. curtulus). The third-instar larva of P. decemnotatus can also be distinguished from that of P. (Gueorguievtes) decempunctatus (Fabricius, 1775) by the absence of secondary dorsal setae on the tibia. 

Larvae of Ceratophyllus wickhami and other Species of Fleas

Parasitology ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enid K. Sikes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Instar Larva

A short historical account is given of the writings on flea larvae since the seventeenth century. The larvae have been known since Leeuwenhoek tried to breed them in 1683.The life-history of Ceratophyllus wickhami is described. The fleas were bred in the laboratory on a grey squirrel. Three larval instars occur, and the life-history occupies, on an average, 6 weeks under experimental conditions.The external anatomy of the third instar larva of C. wickhami is described. The mouth parts are generalised and suggest the condition of a primitive insect. The tracheal system is composed of a double longitudinal trunk on each side, with spiracles on the prothorax, metathorax and first eight abdominal segments.The first and second instar of C. wickhami are similar to the third instar larvae, except in size and the presence of a hatching spine in the first stage.The larva of Ceratophyllus fasciatus is mentioned. The importance of the species lies in the presence of completely separated galea and lacinia.Larvae of Xenopsylla cheopis and X. astia are briefly described. The larvae of the two species are practically identical except for the shape of the mandibles.

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