scholarly journals Morphology of the immature stages of Panorpa qinlingensis (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) with notes on its biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-jun Cai ◽  
Bao-zhen Hua
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Central China ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
First Instar

The scorpionfly Panorpa qinlingensis Chou & Ran is described and illustrated in detail for its immature stages, including egg, larva, and pupa. The egg is oval with chorion decorated with irregular polygonal network. The larva is eruciform and peripneustic, bearing eight pairs of abdominal prolegs. A pair of prominent compound eyes are present on head. The first instar larva differs from later instars in possessing a prominent egg burster on frons and with clavate setae. The pupa is exarate and decticous, taking the shape of the adults. The scorpionfly is bivoltine, overwintering as prepupal stage in the soil. The durations of the egg, larval, and pupal stages are 5–9 d, 19–27 d, and 8–18 d respectively for the first generation. Adults emerge from mid May to early June and from late July to mid August in the Micang Mountain, central China.

Biology and morphology of immature stages of Meteorus trachynotus Vier. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Thireau ◽  
J. Régnière ◽  
C. Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
First Time

The immature stages of Meteorus trachynotus Vier., developing in larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), are described. The egg of M. trachynotus is of the stalked type. There are three larval stages. The first instar has a caudal appendage which stops growing in the second instar and is lost when the larva exits from the host in the third instar. Only the first and third instars have sclerotized structures. The head region of the first instar bears a pair of hooklike appendages which are described for the first time. Cephalic sclerites of the last instar larva of other species of Meteorus are compared with those of M. trachynotus. The average duration of immature development at 23 °C was 18 days, the egg stage lasted 3 days, the first, second, and third instars lasted 5, 2.5, and 2.5 days, respectively, and the pupal stage lasted 5 days.

scholarly journals Biology and External Morphology of the Immature Stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) in Anacardium occidentale L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
G. A. S. Gonçalves ◽  
F. S. Barbosa ◽  
M. Paluch
Keyword(s):  
Average Duration ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Cashew Tree

Abstract The genus Dirphia Hübner, [1819] presents Neotropical distribution. This genus, besides causing accidents of interest in public health, is a potential defoliator pest of cultivated plants, among them the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), a crop of great economic importance. This study describes the biology, external morphology of the immature stages of Dirphia moderata Bouvier, 1929 including the first instar larva chaetotaxy. The egg stage had an average duration of 15 days, larval stage 45 days and pupa 60 days, totaling 120 days in average temperature of 28.8 °C and 59.5% relative humidity. Six instars were confirmed by the Dyar rule, with a growth rate of cephalic capsule K = 1.4 times per ínstar. The results found in the first ínstar chaetotaxy follow the general pattern known for Hemileucinae.

Notes upon the biology and morphology of the immature stages of Neottiophilum praeustum (Meigen, 1926)(Diptera: Neottiophilidae) parasitic on birds

Parasitology ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Primitive Character ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

1. The feeding habits of second- and third-instar larvae of Neottiophilum praeustum have been observed and show that this species is a true parasite of birds and feeds by sucking the blood of nestlings.2. If they are too numerous the larvae may kill the nestlings. Although they will continue to feed upon dead birds, and even penetrate into the viscera, such food is unsuitable for the development of the larvae and they become greatly distended and die within a few days.3. The morphology of the hitherto unknown second-instar larva is described and is compared with that of the third instar.4. Within the puparium of Neottiophilum praeustum there is a fourth moult resulting in the formation of a cast prepupal cuticle which resembles that described by Snodgrass in Rhagoletis pomonella and is much better developed than the prepupal cuticle in Calliphora erythrocephala.5. The better development of the prepupal cuticle in the acalypterates than in calypterates indicates that the presence of a prepupal stage in the cyclorrhaphous Diptera is a primitive character and is progressively reduced until in the higher families it is almost vestigial.

Observations on the biology of Caraphractus cinctus Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a parasitoid of the eggs of Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). 2. Immature stages and seasonal history with a review of Mymarid larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Host Embryo ◽  
Seasonal History

The immature stages of Caraphractus cinctus Walker are described.Four larval stages have been observed which may correspond to three or four instars. In no stage have mandibles been observed.The first-instar larva is elongated and active. In the second-instar oral lobes are present. In the next stage the larva becomes shapeless and rather transparent. In the last stage the wall of the mid-gut shows conspicuous opaque spots which consist of single cells containing spherical concretions, probably the products of excretion.These concretions later become free in the gut of the pupa and are discharged in the meconium when the imago emerges from the host egg.The effects of parasitism on the host eggs of different ages is discussed. In newly laid host eggs all the contents are consumed by the parasitic larvae. In advanced eggs of Agabus the egg of Caraphractus is laid in the mid-gut of the host embryo where the parasitic larva develops, the hard parts of the host larva remaining intact. Parasitism in advanced eggs of Dytiscus is rarely successful.The larvae of other Mymaridae are discussed and their main features compared. The first-instar larva of Caraphractus does not correspond to any of the previously described types of mymarid larvae.The seasonal history is described, with the sequence of hosts parasitized throughout the year. From four to six generations of Caraphractus have been bred indoors during the year. The winter is passed as a diapausing prepupa. In some cases diapause may be prolonged. Fertility is high: 121 imagines have been bred from one female of Caraphractus.I have much pleasure in acknowledging my gratitude to the late Dr W. D. Hincks for his kindness in reading the typescript of this paper: the comments by such a well-known authority on Mymaridae have been most valuable. I am very grateful to Mr O. Bakkendorf for allowing me to reproduce several of his figures of Mymarid larvae from the valuable work he devoted to the biology of Danish hymenopterous egg-parasites. I am also grateful to Miss B. A. Trott of the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology for the help she has so kindly given me with references.

Immature stages of the galler Diplolepis triforma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with comments on the role of its prepupa

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Shorthouse ◽  
Jonathan J. Leggo
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractSections of stem galls induced by Diplolepis triforma Shorthouse and Ritchie obtained by plant histological techniques were used to examine anatomical features of immature stages of the insect found in situ. First-instar larvae feed over the entire surface of larval chambers, whereas maturing larvae feed only at one end of the chambers. Last-instar larvae undergo two phases of development: feeding occurs in the first phase, whereas in the second, or prepupal phase, feeding has ceased, the mid- and hind-guts become joined, contents of the gut are voided, and compound eyes, gonads, and internal ovipositional apparatus begin to differentiate. The prepupal phase also consists of two phases: the first occurs in the fall and winter, and the second occurs in the spring prior to pupation. The spring phase exhibits external adult features within the integument of the last-instar and moults to the pupa. Sections of some maturing larvae contained endoparasitoid larvae of the genus Orthopelma Taschenberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE CYNIPID HEXACOLA SP. NEAR WEBSTERI (EUCOILINAE: HYMENOPTERA), A LARVAL–PUPAL PARASITE OF HIPPELATES EYE GNATS (DIPTERA: CHLOROPIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048
Author(s):  
Fred M. Eskafi ◽  
E. Fred Legner
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Pupal Parasite ◽  
Third Instar Larva

AbstractHexacola sp. near websteri (Crawford), an imported larval–pupal parasite of Hippelates eye gnats, was reared in the laboratory on this host and its immature stages were diagrammed. The duration of each stage at 26 °C was as follows: egg, 2 days; first instar larva, 2 days; second instar larva, 3 days; third instar larva, 4 days; and pupa, 6–7 days. The morphological characters are compared with those of related species and the feeding activity of the larva is described.

scholarly journals External morphology of the immature stages of Neotropical heliconians: X. Heliconius sara apseudes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-533
Author(s):  
Kim R. Barão ◽  
Denis S. Silva ◽  
Gilson R. P. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The biology and morphology of the immature stages of Heliconius sara apseudes (Hübner, [1813]) are still little known. External features of the egg, larvae and pupa of H. sara apseudes are described and illustrated, based upon light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs with smooth carina, first instar larva with scaly setae, and body of second to fifth instars covered with scattered pinnacles distinguish H. sara apseudes from other heliconiine species.

Pygostolus falcatus (Nees) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a parasite of Sitona species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Loan ◽  
F. G. Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Parasite Larva ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Previous Summer

Pygostolus falcatus (Nees), an endoparasitic Braconid of the subfamily Blacinae, was reared from Sitona lineatus (L.), S. hispidulus (F.) and S. humeralis Steph. of Swedish origin. The life-history and immature stages of P. falcatus were studied in the laboratory at 74°F. and in field cages preparatory to its liberation in Canada as a control agent of the sweetclover weevil, S. cylindricollis Fhs.The immature stages develop in the haemocoele of the weevil. After deposition, the egg increases in volume to a maximum of 335 times. At eclosion, the cells of the trophamnion dissociate and increase in volume in relation to the growth of the larva. Supernumerary larvae are eliminated soon after eclosion, and one larva only develops in a host weevil. At 74°F., the final-instar larva emerges from the host weevil 15–16 days after deposition of the egg. Development of many first-instar larvae in a wide range of Sitona species was arrested by diapause. Five larval instars are described and illustrated. Oviposition is prevented in weevils in the summer of their development and eliminated in overwintered weevils by the parasite egg and first-instar larva. The weevil dies within hours of emergence of the parasite larva.Reproduction is parthenogenetic and thely tokous. The maximum number of eggs laid by a female was 46; the number of eggs laid per day per female varied from 0 to 11. Oviposition takes place both in light and in complete darkness and a preference among species of Sitona was not evident. The maximum number of weevils parasitised by a female in a field cage was 39; the number parasitised per day varied from 0 to 8.The species overwinters as a first-instar larva in weevils which became adult in the previous summer. There were two discrete parasite generations in 1958 in Swedish weevils, both of which developed in early and mid-summer within overwintered weevils. The maximum rate of parasitism of S. lineatus by larvae of the mid-summer parasite generation in 1958 was 73·3 per cent.The value of P. falcatus as a control agent of Sitona populations is limited by low parasitism of the new weevil generation of the current year and diapause of the first-instar larva.

scholarly journals First instar larvae of endemic Australian Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szpila ◽  
Kinga Walczak ◽  
Nikolas P. Johnston ◽  
Thomas Pape ◽  
James F. Wallman
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe first instar larva of a species of the Australian endemic genus Aenigmetopia Malloch is described for the first time, along with the first instar larvae of three other Australian species representing the genera Amobia Robineau-Desvoidy and Protomiltogramma Townsend. Larval morphology was analysed using a combination of light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The following morphological structures are documented: pseudocephalon, antennal complex, maxillary palpus, facial mask, modifications of thoracic and abdominal segments, anal region, spiracular field, posterior spiracles and details of the cephaloskeleton. Substantial morphological differences are observed between the three genera, most notably in the labrum and mouthhooks of the cephaloskeleton, sensory organs of the pseudocephalon, spinulation, sculpture of the integument and form of the spiracular field. The first instar larval morphology of Aenigmetopia amissa Johnston, Wallman, Szpila & Pape corroborates the close phylogenetic affinity of Aenigmetopia Malloch with Metopia Meigen, inferred from recent molecular analysis. The larval morphology of Amobia auriceps (Baranov), Protomiltogramma cincta Townsend and Protomiltogramma plebeia Malloch is mostly congruent with the morphology of Palaearctic representatives of both genera.

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