scholarly journals Orius albidipennis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae): Intraguild predation of and prey preference for Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on different host plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Madadi ◽  
Annie Enkegaard ◽  
Henrik Brødsgaard ◽  
Aziz Kharrazi-Pakdel ◽  
Ahmad Ashouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Orius Albidipennis ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Mite Eggs

A widespread interaction in natural enemy populations is intraguild predation (IGP), the intensity and outcome of which may be influenced by several factors. This study examined the influence of host plant characteristics on IGP between Orius albidipennis (Reuter) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) in laboratory experiments. The intraguild predation between the two predators was bi-directional, but predation by N. cucumeris on O. albidipennis is presumably of negligible importance. Orius albidipennis preyed uponmite eggs and adults in the absence of Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), but in its presence predation on mite eggs was abandoned and predation on adult mites unchanged (sweet pepper) or reduced (eggplant, cucumber). The IGP-level of O. albidipennis on N. cucumeris was highest on sweet pepper and lowest on cucumber. Inclusion of host plant aspects in evaluations of the IGPpotential between predators intended for simultaneous applications for biocontrol is thus of importance.

Interactions between Orius albidipennis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Effects of host plants under microcosm condition

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Madadi ◽  
Annie Enkegaard ◽  
Henrik F. Brødsgaard ◽  
Aziz Kharrazi-Pakdel ◽  
Ahmad Ashouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Orius Albidipennis

Effect of host plants on predation, prey preference and switching behaviour of Orius albidipennis on Bemisia tabaci and Tetranychus turkestani

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Samim Banihashemi ◽  
Ali Asghar Seraj ◽  
Fatemeh Yarahmadi ◽  
Ali Rajabpour
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Orius Albidipennis ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Tetranychus Turkestani ◽  
Predation Rates

AbstractThe anthocorid bugOrius albidipennisReuter is a generalist predator that feeds on the whiteflyBemisia tabaciGennadius and the strawberry spider miteTetranychus turkestaniUgarov & Nikolski in greenhouse crops. There are no previous studies on the potential efficacy of the predatory bug against these pests on greenhouse crops. We report on the efficacy and the prey preference of the predator to control these pests on different host plants under laboratory conditions. In a laboratory experiment, we estimated the predation rates ofO. albidipennisat different densities of each prey after 24 h on cucumber and sweet pepper leaves. Predation rates of the predatory bug toT. turkestaniandB. tabaciwere significantly higher on sweet pepper leaf than on cucumber leaf. We studied the effect of plant species on prey preference and switching ofO. albidipennistoB. tabaciandT. turkestaniusing Manly'sαindex values and Murdoch's no-switch line, respectively. Our results show thatO. albidipennisprefersT. turkestanitoB. tabacion both host plants but its preference forT. turkestanion sweet pepper is significantly greater than on cucumber. Moreover, on sweet pepper, preference values are completely fitted by Murdoch's no-switch line. The findings suggest that morphological defence traits of plants, such as hairy leaves of cucumber, may effectively change prey preference and reduce predation success ofO. albidipennis.

scholarly journals Predation rate of Thrips tabaci larvae by Neoseiulus cucumeris is influenced by prey density and presence of a host plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
R.C. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Negative Effect

Prey consumption rate by natural enemies may be affected by the preys host plant and prey density The predation rate of the mite Neoseiulus cucumeris at different densities of firstinstar Thrips tabaci larvae in the presence (onion) or absence (green plastic) of a host was measured In the first experiment using a disc bioassay N cucumeris exhibited a typeII densitydependent functional response to prey on both disc types Prey consumption was reduced on onion relative to plastic A second experiment using onion bulbs and green plastic bulbs indicated a decrease in the consumption rate on plastic bulbs compared with plastic discs The survival or recapture of N cucumeris on onion bulbs was less than 7 and no prey consumption data were obtained The results indicate that onion as a host plant has a negative effect on consumption of T tabaci by N cucumeris and on survival of the predator mite

scholarly journals Effects of host plant characteristics on spray deposition

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
S.F. Gous ◽  
B. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Host Plant Effect ◽  
Plant Effect ◽  
Large Host ◽  
Host Plant Architecture

Previous studies have shown that the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk) on painted apple moth (PAM; Teia anartoides Walker) efficacy varies significantly depending on the host plant species This study tested the hypothesis that host plant architecture influenced deposition of aerially applied Btk and its consequent efficacy against PAM Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the architecture of six host plants had a significant influence on Btk dose per unit leaf area and dose per unit leaf weight However the large host plant effect on PAM mortality from Btk could not be explained in terms of variation in the amount of spray intercepted

scholarly journals Population dynamics of the thrips predators Amblyseius mckenziei and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) on sweet pepper.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
P.M.J. Ramakers
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Amblyseius Cucumeris ◽  
Mixed Populations

The population dynamics of 2 predacious phytoseiid mites as potential biological control agents against thrips were investigated on sweet peppers [Capsicum annuum] in a greenhouse in the Netherlands, where the prey was predominantly a spontaneous outbreak of Thrips tabaci. Amblyseius cucumeris [Neoseiulus cucumeris] established more easily and reached higher population densities than A. mckenziei. Mixed populations of both predators were observed for several generations, but eventually A. mckenziei was superseded by N. cucumeris. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals Root-associated entomopathogenic fungi manipulate host plants to attract herbivorous insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Cotes ◽  
Gunda Thöming ◽  
Carol V. Amaya-Gómez ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Christian Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Insect Performance ◽  
Leaf Reflectance

AbstractRoot-associated entomopathogenic fungi (R-AEF) indirectly influence herbivorous insect performance. However, host plant-R-AEF interactions and R-AEF as biological control agents have been studied independently and without much attention to the potential synergy between these functional traits. In this study, we evaluated behavioral responses of cabbage root flies [Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] to a host plant (white cabbage cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba cv. Castello L.) with and without the R-AEF Metarhizium brunneum (Petch). We performed experiments on leaf reflectance, phytohormonal composition and host plant location behavior (behavioral processes that contribute to locating and selecting an adequate host plant in the environment). Compared to control host plants, R-AEF inoculation caused, on one hand, a decrease in reflectance of host plant leaves in the near-infrared portion of the radiometric spectrum and, on the other, an increase in the production of jasmonic, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and salicylic acid in certain parts of the host plant. Under both greenhouse and field settings, landing and oviposition by cabbage root fly females were positively affected by R-AEF inoculation of host plants. The fungal-induced change in leaf reflectance may have altered visual cues used by the cabbage root flies in their host plant selection. This is the first study providing evidence for the hypothesis that R-AEF manipulate the suitability of their host plant to attract herbivorous insects.

The ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from nematode host and non-host plants to influence the hatch in vitro of the two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aileen Ryan ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacillus Spp

AbstractSeventy bacteria, isolated from the rhizosphere of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) host plant, potato, were cultured in the presence and absence of potato root leachate (PRL) and the resultant culture filtrates were analysed for their ability to affect the hatch in vitro of the two PCN species. Of the isolates tested, nine had a significant effect on PCN hatch. Six affected Globodera pallida hatch and three affected G. rostochiensis hatch. Five of the isolates significantly increased hatch only when cultured in the presence of PRL. Three of the isolates decreased PCN hatch significantly in PRL. Only one isolate increased hatch significantly in the absence of PRL. No isolate affected the hatch of both species. Six of the nine isolates that significantly affected PCN hatch had been pre-selected by culturing on PRL. Bacterial isolates from PCN non-hosts (14 from wheat, 17 from sugar beet) were also tested for hatching activity. The principal effect of the hatch-active isolates from the PCN non-host plants was to increase PCN hatch in the presence of PRL. In contrast to the host bacteria results, the isolates from non-host plants affected only G. rostochiensis hatch (three wheat isolates and four sugar beet isolates significantly increased G. rostochiensis hatch); no such isolate affected G. pallida hatch significantly in the presence of PRL. Ten isolates (32%) from non-host plants had the ability to increase significantly the hatch of PCN in the absence of PRL (eight of these affected G. rostochiensis hatch and four affected G. pallida hatch), compared to only one bacterial isolate (1%) from a host plant. The majority of the isolates from non-hosts produced PCN species-specific effects, as with the bacteria isolated from potatoes, although two wheat isolates increased the hatch of both species significantly in the absence of PRL. Of 20 hatch-active bacterial isolates (from all three plants) identified, 70% were Bacillus spp. Other genera identified were Arthrobacter , Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus .

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan FMA dan Tanaman Inang untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Cendana (Santalum album Linn.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sunarti Pareira ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Dewi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Root System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Root Buds

The sandalwood tree (Santalum album Linn.) is an important tree species as well as a primadonna for the people of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). It has high economic value for its aromatic wood and essential oil content that have a very distinctive aroma used to make various products such as handicrafts, woodcarvings, incense, and oil for the perfume and cosmetics industry. Sandalwood is a semi parasite plant that part of its life phase requires a host plant to get the nutrients and water. There are many types of host plants that have been used, among others, Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia mangium, Terminalia microcarpa, Sesbania grandiflora, Alternanthera sp and Capsicum annum. In this research will be tested to try sandalwood planted with Cymbopogon nardus host plants, in terms of economics can provide benefits.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a group of fungi from glomeromycota phylum that can symbiosis mutualism with root system of high level plant. The working principle of the mycorrhiza is to infect the root system of the host plant, producing intensive hyphae tissue so that the plant containing mycorrhiza will be able to increase the capacity in nutrient uptake. The utilization of host plants Alternanthera sp, Capsicum annum, and its application with AMF is the best solution to overcome the problem of developing sandalwood in TTU on the nursery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of AMF and utilization of the atsiri host plant to increase the growth of sandalwood seedlings in TTU. This study was designed using a complete random method (RAL) in split plot design. If the treatment has a significant effect then followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Parameters observed were height (cm), number of leaf, diameter of sandalwood (mm), dry weight of root, seed quality index, ratio of root buds, and haustorium observation of Sandalwood, and also number of spore, root colonization and AMF dependency of Sandalwood.The results showed that the treatment of AMF with Capsicum annum host plant was 19.8 of high, number of leaf 18.9 on FMA treatment with host plant Capsicum annum, diameter of stem 2.24 mm on Alternanthera sp host treatments without AMF and 1.83 mm at AMF treatment with host plant Capsicum annum, dry weight of buds 2.00g on AMF treatment with Capsicum annum host plant, dry weight of roots AMF (M1) with alternanthera sp 0.70 g, root buds ratio of AMF with host plant alternanthera sp 4.05, seed quality index AMF with Alternanthera sp 4.16 and 82 % of root colonization on AMF with host plant Capsicum annum.Keywords: Santalum album Linn., AMF, host plant.

scholarly journals Molecular signatures of selection associated with host-plant differences in Pieris butterflies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Okamura ◽  
Ai Sato ◽  
Natsumi Tsuzuki ◽  
Masashi Murakami ◽  
Hanna Heidel-Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Key Innovation

AbstractAdaptive traits that enable organisms to conquer novel niches and experience subsequent diversification are ecologically and evolutionarily important. The larvae of Pieris butterflies express nitrile-specifier proteins (NSPs), a key innovation for overcoming the glucosinolate (GLS)-myrosinase-based defense system of their Brassicales host-plants. NSPs are a member of the NSP-like gene family, which includes the major allergen (MA) protein, a paralog of NSP with a GLS-disarming function, and a single domain major allergen (SDMA) protein, whose function is unknown. The arms-race between a highly variable host-plant defense system and members of the NSP-like gene family is suggested to mediate diversification in both Pierid butterflies and Brassicales plants. Here, we combined feeding experiments using 25 Brassicaceae plants and five Pieris species with larval transcriptome data to investigate the evolutionary forces acting on NSP-like gene family members associated with patterns of host-plant usage. Although we observed significantly elevated nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratios in NSPs, no such pattern was observed in MAs or SDMAs. Furthermore, we found a signature of positive selection of NSP at a phylogenetic branch which reflects different host-plant preferences. Our data indicate that NSPs have evolved in response to shifting preferences for host plants among five Pieris butterflies, whereas MAs and SDMAs appear to have more conserved functions. Our results show that the evolution and functional differentiation of key genes used in host-plant adaptation play a crucial role in the chemical arms-race between Pieris butterflies and their Brassicales host-plants.

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