scholarly journals Responses of two Sericoda Kirby, 1837 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species to forest harvesting, wildfire, and burn severity

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Koivula ◽  
Tyler Cobb ◽  
Andrea Déchêne ◽  
Joshua Jacobs ◽  
John Spence
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Ecology

Forest fires are among the most important natural disturbances in the boreal region, but fire-initiated succession is increasingly often interrupted by salvage logging, i.e., post-fire removal of burned trees. Unfortunately, very little is known about the ecological effects of this practice. To address this knowledge gap and to examine other factors affecting the abundance of two fire-associated carabid species (Sericoda quadripuntata and S. bembidioides) we conducted three field studies based on pitfall trapping in recent burns in Alberta, Canada. The results suggest that the abundance of both species drastically decreased from the first to the third post-fire year and that fire severity was positively associated with abundance of both species. The combined effects of wildfire and forest harvesting were associated with higher catches of S. quadripunctata, but lower catches of S. bembidioides. We discuss these findings in the contexts of salvage logging and species ecology.

Early avian functional assemblages after fire, clearcutting, and post-fire salvage logging in North American forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidèle Bognounou ◽  
Lisa Venier ◽  
Steven Van Wilgenburg ◽  
Isabelle Aubin ◽  
André Arsenault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Avian Assemblages

Increased demand for timber, the reduction in the available timber resources, more frequent and severe forest fires under a changing climate have increased the use of salvage logging in North American forests despite concerns regarding impacts on biodiversity and long-term forest productivity. We aimed to complement previous approaches that used bird species richness or individual abundance in salvage-logged habitats to assess the sustainability of this practice. We looked for commonalities in the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic components of bird assemblages among these three post-disturbance habitats across a broad geographic range. We compiled six North American datasets selected from primary and grey literature that documented species composition of avian assemblages in habitats after recent fire, post-fire salvage logging and traditional logging. Our results revealed contrasting patterns of bird trait assemblage among burned, post-fire salvage and traditionally logged habitats. In salvage-logged habitats, taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, functional and phylogenetic redundancy were significantly lower than in both burned and traditionally logged habitats. The frequency of insectivores was significantly lower after salvage logging than after both fire and traditional logging. These findings suggest that cumulative disturbances have a negative effect on early assembly of bird communities. The outcomes of this study encourage further assessments, at landscape level, of salvage logging intensity, burn size and fire severity on bird functional structure to better plan for their conservation.

Wasur National Park Hall's Role In Raising The Local People's Income Wasur Village

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Paul Adryani Moento ◽  
Nikolaus Unawekla
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Counseling Center ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Park Area

  The welfare level of the population in Wasur Park village is still very low and most still hang its life by taking the result of the forest. This study aims to analyze the role of Wasur Park National Park in increasing local people's income. The method by which researchers use a qualitative approach, while the data collection techniques consist of library studies and field studies through observation, interviews. The process of data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and the conclusion of the empowerment of the National Park Wasur Park Hall is counseling to the local community in the framework of the Empowerment Program of local Kampung Wasur Park. In the empowerment, Wasur Park National Park is coordinating with local governments to see the development of local community data. The real evidence of Wasur Park National Park through empowerment is the establishment of a rural forestry Counseling Center (SPKP). The establishment of a rural forestry Counseling Center (SPKP) in Wasur Village, implemented after the implementation of education and training of village studies in participatory. Furthermore, Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts construction. The construction is a construction of small industry of eucalyptus oil refining, the manufacture of salted fish, medicinal plants, and the cultivation of commercial crops. Then the community in providing coaching through socialization by providing science about preserving the forest and protection and safeguarding the potential of Wasur National Park area. Then Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts supervision. Supervision conducted by the National Park Hall Wasur Park is monitoring against the hunting of many protected animals located in Wasur Park National Park area. In the Garden Hall program, Wasur Park is monitoring and evaluation of habitat and population. The Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts a regular patrol, preventing wild hunters from Wasur Park National Park. Then patrol is also done to prevent forest fires.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Fire Severity on Vegetation Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Aru Han ◽  
Song Qing ◽  
Yongbin Bao ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Yuhai Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sentinel 2

An important component in improving the quality of forests is to study the interference intensity of forest fires, in order to describe the intensity of the forest fire and the vegetation recovery, and to improve the monitoring ability of the dynamic change of the forest. Using a forest fire event in Bilahe, Inner Monglia in 2017 as a case study, this study extracted the burned area based on the BAIS2 index of Sentinel-2 data for 2016–2018. The leaf area index (LAI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC), which are more suitable for monitoring vegetation dynamic changes of a burned area, were calculated by comparing the biophysical and spectral indices. The results showed that patterns of change of LAI and FVC of various land cover types were similar post-fire. The LAI and FVC of forest and grassland were high during the pre-fire and post-fire years. During the fire year, from the fire month (May) through the next 4 months (September), the order of areas of different fire severity in terms of values of LAI and FVC was: low > moderate > high severity. During the post fire year, LAI and FVC increased rapidly in areas of different fire severity, and the ranking of areas of different fire severity in terms of values LAI and FVC was consistent with the trend observed during the pre-fire year. The results of this study can improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in post-fire vegetation change. By using quantitative inversion, the health trajectory of the ecosystem can be rapidly determined, and therefore this method can play an irreplaceable role in the realization of sustainable development in the study area. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to quantitatively retrieve vegetation variables by remote sensing.

Post-fire survival and flushing in three Sierra Nevada conifers with high initial crown scorch

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad T. Hanson ◽  
Malcolm P. North
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Abies Magnifica ◽  
Crown Scorch ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Large Trees

With growing debate over the impacts of post-fire salvage logging in conifer forests of the western USA, managers need accurate assessments of tree survival when significant proportions of the crown have been scorched. The accuracy of fire severity measurements will be affected if trees that initially appear to be fire-killed prove to be viable after longer observation. Our goal was to quantify the extent to which three common Sierra Nevada conifer species may ‘flush’ (produce new foliage in the year following a fire from scorched portions of the crown) and survive after fire, and to identify tree or burn characteristics associated with survival. We found that, among ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws) and Jeffrey pines (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf) with 100% initial crown scorch (no green foliage following the fire), the majority of mature trees flushed, and survived. Red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.) with high crown scorch (mean = 90%) also flushed, and most large trees survived. Our results indicate that, if flushing is not taken into account, fire severity assessments will tend to overestimate mortality and post-fire salvage could remove many large trees that appear dead but are not.

Factors Affecting Productivity of Refuse Compactor Vehicles in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Khant Shah ◽  
Devanshu Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operation Optimization ◽  
Selection Parameters ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Shift towards mechanization in the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is aimed at improving health wellbeing of the workers who are manually handling waste. With huge investment and operating costs, proper evaluation and monitoring of the performances of these equipment is essential. Identifying and rating the factors which impact the performance of equipment is the first step towards improving efficiency of a system. This research identifies the critical factors and issues in the operation optimization of refuse compactor vehicles. Interviews with experts and field studies helped in identification of 30 factors which were divided in five categories. The research uses analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for finding out the priority vectors of thus identified factors and categories. The study also highlights equipment selection parameters for the best suited model and make.

scholarly journals Fast Ways to Detect Outliers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Emad Obaid Merza ◽  
Nashaat Jasim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Zero Values

The occurrence of tremendous developments in the field of data has led to the formation of huge volumes of data, and it is normal that this leads to the presence of outliers in this data for many reasons, which may have small or large values ​​compared to the rest of the normal data, and the presence of outliers in the data affects the statistical analysis of this data, so we must try to reduce its impact in various ways. On the other hand, the presence of outliers ​​may be of great benefit, for example knowledge of geological activities that precede natural disasters such as (earthquakes, forest fires, floods ... etc.). Therefore, detection of outliers is of great importance in various fields. In this research, we aim to develop easy methods for detecting outliers in big data, as the problem that this research addresses is that many of the newly developed methods for detecting outliers suffer from computational complexity or are efficient when the sample size is small. An experimental approach was used in this research by suggesting three methods for detecting outliers, the first method is based on standard deviation and was tested and compared with the normal distribution method and the z-score method. The second method depends on the maximum and minimum value of the data, and the third method depends on the range between successive data points. The results of second and third methods are compared with Hample's Test method result. The accuracy of the results is measured based on the confusion matrix. The results of the proposed methods test showed the conformity of the first method with the results of the normal distribution method and the Z-Score method, as well as the superiority of the third method over the Hample's test method. In this paper, it was concluded that the Hample's test method suffers from a serious weakness when the zero values in the data constitute more than 50% of the number of elements.

scholarly journals Application of immobilized mycelium-based pellets for the removal of organochlorine compounds: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. V. Pereira ◽  
M. P. Serbent ◽  
E. Skoronski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Enzymatic Machinery

Abstract Organochlorines have diverse structures and applications and are included in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) due to their toxicity and environmental persistence. The reduced capacity of conventional wastewater treatment plants to remove these compounds encourages the development of cost-effective and efficient remediation approaches. Fungal biotechnology can contribute to the development of these technologies through their enzymatic machinery but faces several drawbacks related to the use of dispersed mycelium. In this sense, investigations concerning the degradation of organochlorines using immobilized fungi demonstrated an increase in contaminants removal efficiency compared with degradation by free cells. Despite this interest, the mechanisms of immobilized fungi have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this paper, recent advances of laboratory and field studies in organochlorine compounds removal by fungi were reviewed, focusing on the role of immobilization techniques. Firstly, the mechanisms of organochlorines bioconversion by fungi and the factors affecting enzyme activity are elucidated and discussed in detail. Then, the main targeted compounds, fungi, technics, and materials used for immobilization are discussed, as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, critical points for future studies of the fungi immobilization for organochlorines removal are proposed.

Laboratory and field studies on the degradation of fipronil in a soil

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Guo Ying ◽  
Rai Kookana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Sulfone Derivatives

Degradation of a new insecticide/termiticide, fipronil, in a soil was studied in the laboratory and field. Three metabolites of fipronil (desulfinyl, sulfide, and sulfone derivatives) were identified from soils after treatment. Laboratory studies showed that soil moisture content had a great effect on the degradation rate of fipronil and products formed. High soil moisture contents (>50%) favored the formation of a sulfide derivative of fipronil by reduction, whereas low soil moisture (<50%) and well-aerated conditions favored the formation of fipronil sulfone by oxidation. Microorganisms in soil accelerated the degradation of fipronil to sulfide and sulfone derivatives. The third transformation product, a desulfinyl derivative, was formed by photodecomposition of fipronil in water and on the soil surface under sunlight. The desulfinyl derivative degraded rapidly in field soils with a half-life of 41–55 days compared with an average half-life of 132 days for fipronil. The half-life of the 'total toxic component' (fipronil and its metabolites) in field soil was 188 days on average.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbaceous Layer Interference on the Post-Fire Regeneration of a Serotinous Pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) across Two Seedling Ages

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Castro ◽  
Alexandro Leverkus
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Herbaceous vegetation is a major source of interference with the regeneration of woody species. This is particularly the case after forest fires, as a dense herbaceous layer usually regenerates naturally. Although the competitive effect of the herbaceous vegetation upon tree seedlings has been widely studied, there are still gaps in knowledge for management related to the effect of tree seedling age and size on the outcome of the interaction. In this study, we seek to determine the response of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) seedlings to herbaceous competition at two different seedling ages. For that, two treatments of herbaceous competition were implemented, namely unweeded (no action around pine seedlings) and weeded (herbaceous cover removed around pine seedlings). Treatments were conducted twice (2 and 4 years after the fire), and we monitored seedling survival and growth at the end of each growing season. The treatments were implemented across three adjacent landscape units that differed in the management of burned wood and that are representative of common post-fire scenarios: no intervention, salvage logging, and an intermediate degree of intervention. Weeding increased seedling survival from 44.7% to 67.8% when seedlings were 2 years old, but had no effect for four-year-old seedlings, which showed 99% survival. Seedling growth also increased in the weeding treatment, but only slightly. Moreover, growth (and survival for two-year-old seedlings) was strongly correlated with initial seedling size, particularly in the case of two-year-old seedlings. Initial pine seedling height was strongly and positively correlated with the height of the herbaceous layer, supporting the existence of microsite features that promote plant growth above competitive effects. The results support that management actions conducive to foster post-fire pine forest restoration in this Mediterranean ecosystem should reduce herbaceous competition at early stages after fire (second or third year) and focus on larger seedlings.

Fuel characteristics and fire behaviour in mature Mediterranean gorse shrublands

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín De Luis ◽  
Manuel J. Baeza ◽  
José Raventós ◽  
José C. González-Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Since the early 1990s, Mediterranean gorse shrublands have expanded significantly in the Mediterranean regions of Spain mainly as a result of the increase in the frequency and extension of forest fires. Mediterranean gorse (Ulex parviflorus), which has been described as a degradation stage of forest communities after fire, has also been described as a fire-prone community. Thus, its presence increases the risk that new fires might occur. In spite of this evidence, there is little information on both the composition and structural characteristics of these communities or the relationship that might exist between these vegetation characteristics and fire behaviour. In this paper we present the results of a characterization of the vegetative structure (plant density, specific composition, biomass fractions, and horizontal and vertical fuel distribution) in Mediterranean gorse. We also analyse fire behaviour using indicators obtained at different scales. Our results show mature Mediterranean gorse shrublands to be communities with high biomass values (3000–4000 g m−2) and high horizontal and vertical vegetation continuity, in which the proportion of fine dead fuel fractions with low moisture content is around 50% of the total phytomass present. Ulex parviflorus is the dominant species and its degree of dominance is a key element in the behaviour of fire. Both the fire-line intensity values and the fire severity values observed can be considered high with respect to those observed in other Mediterranean communities, thus confirming Mediterranean gorse as a high-risk community.

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