scholarly journals Nemoral species of Lepidoptera (Insecta) in Siberia: a novel view on their history and the timing of their range disjunctions

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dubatolov ◽  
Oleg Kosterin
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Far East ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
Eastern Species ◽  
Boreal Period

Distributions in Siberia of nemorallepidopteran species, trophically or cenotically tied to broad-leaved (nemoral) forests or their phytocenotic derivates, display seven main types of range: Amphipalaearctic; Europe – West-Siberia – Far-East disjunctive; East-Europe – Altai – Far-East disjunctive; Altai – Far-East disjunctive; South-Siberia – Far-East; Transbaikalia – Far-East; Europe- Transuralia. An eastern origin can be traced for most of these species, with the exception of the last-mentioned type. According to palynological data, a continuous belt of broad-leaved forests was re-established during the Quaternary in North Eurasia at least twice: at the beginning of the Late Pleistocene and in the Middle Holocene. During the former the range of oak, as well as the fauna connected with it, was continuous through the Palaearctic. There is no reliable evidence for refuges of nemoral flora and fauna in Siberia during the last glaciation. We assume that the period since the Late Pleistocene (Kazantseva) Optimum (about 100,000-110,000 years) was sufficient for taxonomic divergence to species rank of western and eastern Palaearctic populations of Lepidoptera. During the Holocene climatic optimum the lepidopteran nemoral fauna could expand into a transpalaearctic distribution as a consequence of westward migration of eastern species due to an earlier optimum of broad-leaved forests in the eastern parts of Asia than in West Siberia and Eastern Europe. Disjunctive types of nemoral species range may have resulted from depletion of the forests with broad-leaved trees in Central Siberia during the Sub boreal period of the Holocene. Thus, they should not be dated to the late Pliocene - early Pleistocene, as was done earlier.

scholarly journals Estimation of nocturnal <sup>222</sup>Rn soil fluxes over Russia from TROICA measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 14545-14579
Author(s):  
E. V. Berezina ◽  
N. F. Elansky ◽  
K. B. Moiseenko ◽  
I. B. Belikov ◽  
R. A. Shumsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Far East ◽  
South Siberia ◽  
North Eurasia

Abstract. In TROICA (TRanscontinental Observations Into the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) experiments (1999–2008) simultaneous observations of near surface 222Rn concentrations and atmospheric boundary layer thermal structure were performed across North Eurasia including the central part of Russia, South Siberia and the Far East. The data on 222Rn and temperature vertical distribution are used to estimate regional scale 222Rn soil fluxes basing on calculations of nocturnal 222Rn accumulation rates in the surface layer under inversion conditions. An effect of seasonal soil thawing on 2–4 times surface 222Rn concentration increase from summer 1999 to autumn 2005 is observed. The 222Rn flux estimated from our experiments varies over Russia from 0.01 to 0.15 Bq m−2 s−1 with the highest 222Rn fluxes being derived in the mountain regions of South Siberia and the Far East.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene Felidae remains (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Geographical Society Cave in the Russian Far East

2016 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Baryshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
The Russian Far East

Fossil remains of felids from Geographical Society Cave and neighboring localities (Tigrovaya Cave, Malaya Pensau Cave, and Letuchiya Mysh Cave) in the Russian Far East are found to belong to four species: Panthera tigris, P. spelaea, P. pardus, and Lynx lynx. In Geographical Society Cave, the felid fossils are confined to deposits of the warm stage of the Late Pleistocene (MIS3). The simultaneous presence of Panthera tigris and P. spelaea seems to be unusual, the tiger remains being numerous whereas those of the cave lion are scant. There are differences between the Late Pleistocene tiger and the recent tiger in dental characters. P. tigris, most probably, migrated twice to Russian Far East from southern regions: in interstadial MIS3 and, subsequently, in the Holocene.

scholarly journals A Giant Ostrich from the Lower Pleistocene Nihewan Formation of North China, with a Review of the Fossil Ostriches of China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eric Buffetaut ◽  
Delphine Angst
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North China ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
The Crimea

A large incomplete ostrich femur from the Lower Pleistocene of North China, kept at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), is described. It was found by Father Emile Licent in 1925 in the Nihewan Formation (dated at about 1.8 Ma) of Hebei Province. On the basis of the minimum circumference of the shaft, a mass of 300 kg, twice that of a modern ostrich, was obtained. The bone is remarkably robust, more so than the femur of the more recent, Late Pleistocene, Struthio anderssoni from China, and resembles in that regard Pachystruthio Kretzoi, 1954, a genus known from the Lower Pleistocene of Hungary, Georgia and the Crimea, to which the Nihewan specimen is referred, as Pachystruthio indet. This find testifies to the wide geographical distribution of very massive ostriches in the Early Pleistocene of Eurasia. The giant ostrich from Nihewan was contemporaneous with the early hominins who inhabited that region in the Early Pleistocene.

Emergence of critical climate states during the Pleistocene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Golledge
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
System Nodes ◽  
Systems Framework

&lt;p&gt;During the Pleistocene (approximately 2.6 Ma to present) glacial to interglacial climate variability evolved from dominantly 40 kyr cyclicity (Early Pleistocene) to 100 kyr cyclicity (Late Pleistocene to present). Three aspects of this period remain poorly understood: Why did the dominant frequency of climate oscillation change, given that no major changes in orbital forcing occurred? Why are the longer glacial cycles of the Late Pleistocene characterised by a more asymmetric form with abrupt terminations? And how can the Late Pleistocene climate be controlled by 100 kyr cyclicity when astronomical forcings of this frequency are so much weaker than those operating on shorter periods? Here we show that the decreasing frequency and increasing asymmetry that characterise Late Pleistocene ice age cycles both emerge naturally in dynamical systems in response to increasing system complexity, with collapse events (terminations) occuring only once a critical state has been reached. Using insights from network theory we propose that evolution to a state of criticality involves progressive coupling between climate system 'nodes', which ultimately allows any component of the climate system to trigger a globally synchronous termination. We propose that the climate state is synchronised at the 100 kyr frequency, rather than at shorter periods, because eccentricity-driven insolation variability controls mean temperature change globally, whereas shorter-period astronomical forcings only affect the spatial pattern of thermal forcing and thus do not favour global synchronisation. This dynamical systems framework extends and complements existing theories by accomodating the differing mechanistic interpretations of previous studies without conflict.&lt;/p&gt;

Anthracoidea buxbaumii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Denchev
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Far East ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
East West

Abstract A description is provided for Anthracoidea buxbaumii, which sometimes causes severe damage to Carex sp. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Alaska), Japan, Russia (Far East, West Siberia), Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden) and hosts (C. adelostoma, C. buxbaumii subsp. alpina, C. buxbaumii, C. gmelinii, C. hartmanii and C. tarumensis).

Anthracoidea globularis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Denchev
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Far East ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
East West

Abstract A description is provided for Anthracoidea globularis, which causes severe damage to Carex sp. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Japan, Russia (East Siberia, Far East, West Siberia), Finland, Norway and Sweden) and host (C. globularis).

scholarly journals Modern nosoareas of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis in Siberia

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
V. K. Yastrebov
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Natural centers of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis diseases are distinguished not only by stability and in- creasing level of epidemiological manifestation but also by ability to enlargement of areas. It is found that a contribution of some regions of Russia to the sick rate of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne rickettsiosis is changing in time. For tick-borne encephalitis the contribution of East Siberia increases and becomes equal to one of Ural area. For tick-borne rickettsiosis the general contribution of four regions (East Siberia, West Siberia, Ural and Far East) amount to 92% of diseases in country. The greater part of tick-borne rickettsiosis diseases (62,1%) is the contribution of East Siberia because of activi- ty of disease centers of Altai area.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene and Holocene small mammal (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) remains from Medvezhyi Klyk Cave in the Southern Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Omelko ◽  
Y.V. Kuzmin ◽  
M.P. Tiunov ◽  
L.L. Voyta ◽  
G.S. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Faunal Complexes ◽  
Extinct Genus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Late Pleistocene-Holocene faunal complexes of small mammals (Lipotyphla, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha) from the Russian Far East are described for the first time. We used material from the Medvezhyi Klyk Cave, located in Southern Sikhote-Alin. The numerous fossil findings from the cave display a remarkable taxonomic diversity and high degree of preservation. AMS 14C dating used for determination of deposits age. The Holocene sediments were divided into three periods: Early, Middle, and Late. The Pleistocene deposits age was not exactly determined, but under approximately estimation it can reach 50–60 ka. Thirty-nine species were found, including one member of the extinct genus of arvicolins. There are six faunal complexes identified from the studied Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. In general, the faunal complexes characterized by the dominance of Craseomys rufocanus within rodents, Sorex caecutiens within lipotyphlans; and relatively stability composition of most number of the dominant, codominant and subdominant species. Accordingly, the faunal complexes were described by means of two determining criteria only: relative number of species; and presence or absence of certain species. The dominant species are eurytopic and so they cannot use for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment.

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