scholarly journals Abundance of day-flying Lepidoptera along an air pollution gradient in the northern boreal forest zone¹

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kozlov ◽  
Alexandr Lvovsky ◽  
Kauri Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
Subarctic Forest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Day-active lepidopterans were counted in the summers of 1991-1993 on transects of 5 x 100 min 12 localities representing five zones of pollutioninduced forest deterioration in the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia. A total of 671 specimens representing 19 species was observed during 696 counts. Two butterflies (Clossiana euphrosyne, Vacciniina optilete) and three day-active moths (Rheumaptera subhastata, Ematurga atomaria, Sympistis heliophila) were used in the analysis; the remaining 14 butterfly species were too scarce for the statistical treatment. At early stages of pollution-induced forest damage (mean annual SO2 concentrations 20-40 µg/m3 ), the densities of the monitored species increased by a factor of 1.5 to 5, but then declined with increase in pollution. Since the host plants of the monitored species, except that of C. euphrosyne, were found in all localities surveyed, the decline could be attributed to the SO2 toxicity rather than to the lack of larval food. Although transect counts did produce valuable information about the impact of pollution on subarctic forest ecosystems, the method is poorly suited for routine bioindication of pollution in northern regions.

Snowpack changes around a nickel–copper smelter at Monchegorsk, northwestern Russia

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1684-1690
Author(s):  
Mikhail V Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Snow depth in industrial barrens adjacent to the nickel–copper smelter at Monchegorsk (Kola peninsula, northwestern Russia) by the end of the winter was reduced to one-third of the depth observed in weakened and healthy forests located 30–65 km from the smelter; this reduction was due to both decline (by one-half) in the amount (mass) of snow and increase in snow density. Since winter precipitation in Monchegorsk was about the same as in an unpolluted locality 56 km south-southwest of the smelter, and snowpack characteristics correlated with site-specific wind speed, the low amount of snow around the smelter is presumably due to snow movement from open windy habitats and enhanced snow evaporation during the wind transport; higher snow densities may be explained by wind-induced compaction of snow particles. Pollution affects snowpack characteristics by modifying wind regime via forest damage; in turn, decline in snow depth influence the growth form and (possibly) performance of trees that managed to survive in heavily polluted habitats. Thus, initial (partially pollution-induced) forest disturbance, through secondary effects, may enhance further disturbance in a positive feedback fashion; therefore, possible ecological effects of pollution-related snowpack changes should be accounted for in field studies conducted along pollution gradients within the forest zone.

Role of forest fires in Holocene stand-scale dynamics in the unmanaged taiga forest of northwestern Russia

The Holocene ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1503-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niina Kuosmanen ◽  
Keyan Fang ◽  
Richard HW Bradshaw ◽  
Jennifer L Clear ◽  
Heikki Seppä
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Wavelet Coherence ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wavelet Coherence Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Fossil pollen, conifer stomata, and charcoal records for the last 10,000 years were studied from three small hollow sites (Larix Hollow, Mosquito Hollow, and Olga Hollow) located at the modern western range limit of Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica) in northwestern Russia to investigate the role of forest fires in stand-scale dynamics of taiga vegetation. Wavelet coherence analysis was utilized to reveal the significance of fire on the vegetation composition at different timescales by assessing the phase and strength of the relationship between forest fires and most common boreal tree taxa in a time–frequency window. Pollen and stomata data show that all of the modern-day common tree taxa, including Norway spruce ( Picea abies) and Siberian larch, have been present in the study region since the early Holocene. The absence of charcoal layers at Mosquito Hollow suggests that this site has acted as a fire-free refugium with continuous dominance of spruce throughout the Holocene. Meanwhile, the Larix Hollow record indicates frequent local fire events and as a consequence, a more variable tree species composition. The wavelet coherence results show that the impact of forest fires on vegetation varies from short-term (<200-year periods) changes in individual tree taxa to long-term (400–800 years) changes in forest composition, such as the expansion of spruce population after local high-intensity fires around 7500–7000 cal. yr BP and the increase in abundance of birch and alder during periods of high fire frequency. Our results suggest that Holocene fire histories can be markedly different within a small geographical area, demonstrating the importance of site-specific factors in the local fire regime in the unmanaged taiga forest.

scholarly journals Larval Diet Abundance Influences Size and Composition of the Midgut Microbiota of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. MacLeod ◽  
George Dimopoulos ◽  
Sarah M. Short
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

The midgut microbiota of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti impacts pathogen susceptibility and transmission by this important vector species. However, factors influencing the composition and size of the microbiome in mosquitoes are poorly understood. We investigated the impact of larval diet abundance during development on the composition and size of the larval and adult microbiota by rearing Aedes aegypti under four larval food regimens, ranging from nutrient deprivation to nutrient excess. We assessed the persistent impacts of larval diet availability on the microbiota of the larval breeding water, larval mosquitoes, and adult mosquitoes under sugar and blood fed conditions using qPCR and high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing to determine bacterial load and microbiota composition. Bacterial loads in breeding water increased with increasing larval diet. Larvae reared with the lowest diet abundance had significantly fewer bacteria than larvae from two higher diet treatments, but not from the highest diet abundance. Adults from the lowest diet abundance treatment had significantly fewer bacteria in their midguts compared to all higher diet abundance treatments. Larval diet amount also had a significant impact on microbiota composition, primarily within larval breeding water and larvae. Increasing diet correlated with increased relative levels of Enterobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae and decreased relative levels of Sphingomonadaceae. Multiple individual OTUs were significantly impacted by diet including one mapping to the genus Cedecea, which increased with higher diet amounts. This was consistent across all sample types, including sugar fed and blood fed adults. Taken together, these data suggest that availability of diet during development can cause lasting shifts in the size and composition of the microbiota in the disease vector Aedes aegypti.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE FOREIGN SECTOR ON THE LEVEL OF ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF THE BORDER NORTHERN REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4/2020) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
M. V. Moroshkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The northern and border regions are remote from the main economic centers of the country. Geographical location is not only a limitation, but also a competitive advantage, which is determined by proximity to economically developed national economies and greater opportunities for interaction. The main goal of the study is to assess the impact of the geographical factor on development dynamics. The object of the study is the border northern regions of the NWFD, Russia and Finland. The study uses a set of methods and tools to analyze the dynamics of the development of territories with a border and northern location. Within the framework of this article, analysis is carried out on the basis of statistical methods of research. Analytical work is based on the information base of Rosstat and data from Internet sources. As part of the study, the level of Russian-Finnish relations in the investment component vector is determined. An assessment of foreign investment in the context of federal districts was made, which made it possible to distinguish the influence of the geographical location factor. Indicators of labor productivity in the national and foreign sectors in the regions of the North-Western Federal District have been determined. The dependence of the productivity indicator on the geographical location of the territory was investigated.The conclusions of the Territory, having a geographical position favorable for foreign economic activity, are not able to fully take advantage of its competitive advantages. The study identified a low level of dependence between geographical location and performance. The results will help to shape the directions of increasing this indicator and can be used in strategic and program documents.

scholarly journals Double-digest RAD-sequencing: do wet and dry protocol parameters impact biological results?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Cumer ◽  
Charles Pouchon ◽  
Frédéric Boyer ◽  
Glenn Yannic ◽  
Delphine Rioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genomics ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
List Type ◽  
Rad Sequencing ◽  
New Era ◽  
Snp Calling ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTNext-generation sequencing technologies have opened a new era of research in genomics. Among these, restriction enzyme-based techniques such as restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) or double-digest RAD-sequencing (ddRADseq) are now widely used in many population genomics fields. From DNA sampling to SNP calling, both wet and dry protocols have been discussed in the literature to identify key parameters for an optimal loci reconstruction.The impact of these parameters on downstream analyses and biological results drawn from RADseq or ddRADseq data has however not been fully explored yet. In this study, we tackled this issue by investigating the effects of ddRADseq laboratory (i.e. wet protocol) and bioinformatics (i.e. dry protocol) settings on loci reconstruction and inferred biological signal at two evolutionary scale using two systems: a complex of butterfly species (Coenonympha sp.) and populations of Common beech (Fagus sylvatica).Results suggest an impact of wet protocol parameters (DNA quantity, number of PCR cycles during library preparation) on the number of recovered reads and SNPs, the number of unique alleles and individual heterozygosity. We also found that bioinformatic settings (i.e. clustering and minimum coverage thresholds) impact loci reconstruction (e.g. number of loci, mean coverage) and SNP calling (e.g. number of SNPs, heterozygosity). We however do not detect an impact of parameter settings on three types of analysis performed with ddRADseq data: measure of genetic differentiation, estimation of individual admixture, and demographic inferences. In addition, our work demonstrates the high reproducibility and low rate of genotyping inconsistencies of the ddRADseq protocol.Thus, our study highlights the impact of wet parameters on ddRADseq protocol with strong consequences on experimental success and biological conclusions. Dry parameters affects loci reconstruction and descriptive statistics but not biological conclusion for the two studied systems. Overall, this study illustrates, with others, the relevance of ddRADseq for population and evolutionary genomics at the inter- or intraspecific scales.

Миграционные установки населения Тюменской области

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
V. P. Klyueva ◽  
◽  
Sh. F. Farakhutdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Method

The article examines migration moods of the residents of the Tyumen region, in particular, such aspects as: the relevance of migration in the public consciousness; intercultural features of moods of the general population towards migrants; migration strategies of the residents. The work is based on the results of a survey carried out in the fall of 2020 among the general population and students. It is shown that the problem of migrants for the inhabitants of the region is not actualized. The respondents are poorly informed about the structure and nature of migration flows and the impact of newcomers on the socio-economic situation in the region. At the same time, there is an understanding of urgency of the problem of depopulation of the rural areas in public opinion. In relation to internal migration, the most relevant topic is movement between the neighboring regions, including due to the continuing relevance of rotational work method, which is characteristic for the northern regions. It has been demonstrated that a significant part of population thinks or does not exclude the possibility of moving from the region. At the same time, moving to a greater extent remains only in plans or is in the zone of delayed decision-making. The main motives for possible mobility are associated with the choice of a more convenient permanent residence, the possibility of higher earnings and career growth.

scholarly journals Bees and Butterflies in Burned and Unburned Alvar Woodland: Evidence for the Importance of Postfire Succession to Insect Pollinator Diversity in an Imperiled Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana N. Taylor ◽  
Paul M. Catling
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Burned Site

The apparent importance of successional habitat to pollinating insects, specifically bees (Hymenoptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera) was quantified in an alvar landscape in the Ottawa valley through a comparison of burned and unburned alvar woodland. The two adjacent habitats on the same successional gradient were sampled by sweeping with additional data from pitfall traps for bees and by direct observation with close focus binoculars and occasional verification through capture with a net for butterflies. The sampling was done during 11 visits in 2008 beginning 16 May and ending 13 September. Both bee and butterfly diversity were higher in the post-fire burned alvar woodland compared to the adjacent unburned woodland based on species richness, number of individuals and Brillouin’s Biodiversity Index which takes evenness and heterogeneity into account. No bees were captured in the unburned area, but 34 species and 201 individuals were captured in the burned site. The most abundant bee species was Augochlora aurata. Lepidoptera were represented in the burned site by 35 species and 408 individuals compared to 15 species and 21 individuals in the unburned woodland. The most common butterfly species in the burned woodland was Callophrys polios. The higher diversity of pollinators in the burned site was correlated with both higher vascular plant diversity and much higher cover and frequency values for insect-pollinated plants providing nectar and pollen including flowering shrubs such as Amelanchier alnifolia var. compacta, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Prunus virginiana. The burned site also provided more cover of larval food plants for butterflies and apparently more nesting sites for bees. We suggest that a decrease in fire frequency and in the availability of open successional habitats are contributing factors in the decline of pollinators, and that endangered ecosystems where fire has been a natural phenomenon may require fire or fire-simulated management to sustain their biodiversity.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought on Outbreaks of Major Forest Pests, Pine Caterpillars (Dendrolimus spp.), in Shandong Province, China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongbin Bao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Siqin Tong ◽  
Li Na ◽  
Aru Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Forestry Production ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

As the main defoliators of coniferous forests in Shandong Province, China, pine caterpillars (including Dendrolimus suffuscus suffuscus Lajonquiere, D. spectabilis Butler, and D. tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu) have caused substantial forest damage, adverse economic impacts, and losses of ecosystem resources. Therefore, elucidating the effects of drought on the outbreak of these pests is important for promoting forestry production and ecological reconstruction. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyse the spatiotemporal variation of drought in Shandong Province, using the Standard Precipitation Index, and to investigate the impact of drought on the outbreak of pine caterpillar infestations. Future trends in drought and pine caterpillar populations were then estimated using the Hurst exponent. The results showed that: (1) Drought decreased gradually and showed a wetting trend from 1981 to 2012, with frequency decreasing on a decadal scale as follows: 1980s > 1990s > 2000s > 2010s; (2) The total area of pine caterpillar occurrence decreased strongly from 1992 to 2012; (3) Long-term or prolonged drought had a greater positive impact on pine caterpillar outbreak than short-term drought; (4) In the future, a greater portion of the province’s area will experience increased wetting conditions (57%) than increased drought (43%), and the area of pine caterpillar outbreak is estimated to decrease overall. These findings help elucidate the relationship between drought and pine caterpillar outbreak in Shandong Province and, hence, provide a basis for developing preventive measures and plans.

Complete Field Guide to Butterflies of Australia

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F Braby
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complete Field ◽  
Remote Islands ◽  
Scientific Name

This is the first complete field guide to all butterfly species on Australia’s mainland and its remote islands. Written by one of Australia's leading lepidopterists, it is stunningly illustrated with colour photographs of each of the 416 currently identified species. There is also a distribution map for each species on the Australian mainland. It covers the five major family groups: Hesperiidae, Paplionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae, as well as the family Riodinidae, which has but a single species in Australia. The introduction covers adult structure, classification, distribution and habitats, and life cycle and behaviour. This is followed by accounts of each of the 416 species, giving common name, scientific name, and other names (if any), as well as details of behaviour, habitat, status, and larval food plants. Accompanying each species is a distribution map, and photographs of the upperside and underside of both male and female specimens. The book also contains a checklist of all species, a list of entomological contacts, a glossary, a bibliography, an index of common names and an index of scientific names.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document