scholarly journals Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme Annual Report, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
CR Robert George ◽  
Masoud Shoushtari ◽  
Tiffany R Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Surveillance Programme

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a notifiable disease in Australia, and both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In 2020, there were 90 notifications of IMD, the lowest number documented since records began in the NNDSS in 1991. Of these, 97% (87/90) were laboratory-confirmed cases, with 70% (61/87) confirmed by bacterial culture and 30% (26/87) by nucleic acid amplification testing. The serogroup was determined for 85/87 laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD: serogroup B (MenB) accounted for 64% of infections (54/85); MenW for 19% (16/85); MenY for 16% (14/85); and MenC 1.2% (1/85). Fine typing was available on 60/85 (71%) of cases with serogroup determined; of the typed MenW, all were PorA antigen type P1.5,2 and sequence type 11, the hypervirulent strain reported in recent outbreaks in Australia and overseas. The primary peaks of IMD notifications in Australia in 2020 were observed in infants less than 1 year (16/87, 18%) and in adults aged 45–64 years (14/87, 16%). MenB infections predominated in those aged less than 5 years and 15–19 years; MenW and MenY infections predominated in those aged 45 years or more. All 61 IMD isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility: none were penicillin resistant; however, 56/61 (92%) had decreased susceptibility to penicillin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin.

scholarly journals Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme annual report, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Tiffany R Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Surveillance Programme

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a notifiable disease in Australia, and both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In 2019, there were 206 notifications of IMD. Of these, 202 were laboratory-confirmed cases analysed by the reference laboratories of the Australian National Neisseria Network (NNN). Of the 202 laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD, 167 were confirmed by bacterial culture and 35 by nucleic acid amplification testing, and all had the serogroup determined. Fine typing was available on 146 samples (146/202, 72%). Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) infections accounted for 50.0% (101/202); MenW for 26.2% (53/202); MenY for 20.8% (42/202) and MenC for 3.0% of cases (6/202). Of the MenW cases, 88% were PorA antigen type P1.5,2, and 65% of these (24/37) were sequence type 11, the hypervirulent strain reported in recent outbreaks in Australia and overseas. The primary peaks of IMD notifications in Australia in 2019 were observed in infants less than 1 year of age (36/202, 18%) and in adults aged 65 years or older (39/202, 19%). MenB infections predominated in those aged less than 5 years and those aged 15–19 years, whereas MenW and MenY infections predominated in those aged 45 years or more. All 167 IMD isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. One isolate out of these 167 (0.6%) was resistant to penicillin with an MIC ≥ 1mg/L; 154/167 isolates (92%) had decreased susceptibility to penicillin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, and one isolate was resistant to rifampicin.

scholarly journals Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme annual report, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Rodney Enriquez ◽  
Tiffany Hogan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Notifiable Diseases

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a notifiable disease in Australia, and both probable and laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD are reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In 2018, there were 281 IMD cases notified to the NNDSS. Of these, 278 were laboratory-confirmed cases analysed by the reference laboratories of the Australian National Neisseria Network (NNN). On investigation, the serogroup was able to be determined for 98.6% (274/278) of laboratory-confirmed cases. Serogroup B infections accounted for 44.2% of cases (123 cases); serogroup W for 36.3% of cases (101 cases); serogroup Y infections for 15.8% (44 cases) and serogroup C 1.4% (4 cases); and there were two unrelated cases (0.7%) of IMD attributable to serogroup E. Using molecular methods, 181/278 IMD cases were able to be typed. Of note was that 89% of typed serogroup W IMD cases (66/74) were porA antigen type P1.5,2; of this number, 44% (29/66) were sequence type 11, the hypervirulent strain reported in recent outbreaks in Australia and overseas. The primary age peak of IMD in Australia in 2018 was again observed in adults aged 45 years or more; a secondary disease peak was observed in children and infants aged less than 5 years. Serogroup B infections predominated in those aged less than 5 years, whereas serogroup W and serogroup Y infections predominated in those aged 45 years or more. Of the IMD isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 1.4% (3/210) were resistant to penicillin with an MIC ≥ 1 mg/L, and decreased susceptibility to penicillin was observed in a further 93.8% (197/210) of isolates. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and rifampicin; there was one isolate less susceptible to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme annual report, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Lahra ◽  
Rodney Enriquez ◽  
CR Robert George
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
The Uk

In 2017, there were 374 laboratory-confirmed cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) analysed by the Australian National Neisseria Network. This was the highest number of laboratory-confirmed cases since 2003. Probable and confirmed cases of IMD are notifiable in Australia; there were 379 IMD cases notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in 2017, the highest number reported since 2005. Meningococcal sero-grouping was determined for 98% (367/374) of laboratory-confirmed IMD cases. Serogroup B infections accounted for 137 cases (37%). The number of serogroup W infections (141 cases, 38%) in 2017 was the highest since the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) began. In addition, the number and proportion of serogroup Y infections (75 cases, 20%) was also the highest recorded by the AMSP. Molecular typing results were available for 315 of the 374 IMD cases (83%). Of the serogroup W IMD strains that were able to be genotyped, 97% (125/129) had the PorA antigen encoding gene type P1.5,2 and of these, 59% (74/125) were sequence type 11, the same type as the hypervirulent serogroup W strain that has been circulating in the UK and South America since 2009. The primary IMD age peak was observed in adults aged 45 years or more, whilst secondary disease peaks were observed in those aged less than 5 years. Serogroup B infections predominated in the age group 15–19 years. Serogroup W infections predominated in those aged 65 years or more. Serogroup Y infections were predominately seen in adults aged 45 years or more. Of the IMD isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 5.1% (14/276) were resistant to penicillin; decreased susceptibility to penicillin was observed in a further 89% (247/276) of isolates. All isolates tested were susceptible to ceftriaxone; two isolates were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin; and one isolate was resistant to rifampicin.

Amplification-Free DNA Detection Using a Microtip-Sensor Decorated With LNA Probes for Rapid TB Screening

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinnosuke Inoue ◽  
Woon-Hong Yeo ◽  
Jong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hyun Chung ◽  
Kyong-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Tuberculosis (TB) is an epidemic affecting one-third of the world’s population, mostly in developing and low-resource settings. People having active pulmonary TB are considered highly infectious; therefore, it is critical to identify and treat these patients rapidly before spreading to others. However, the most reliable TB diagnostic methods of bacterial culture or nucleic acid amplification are time-consuming and expensive. The challenge of TB diagnosis lies in highly sensitive and specific screening with low cost. Here, we present an LNA-modified microtip-sensor, which is capable of selectively detecting low-abundance DNA from bacteria. When genomic DNA of Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin (BCG, a surrogate marker of Mycobacterium bovis), and genomic DNA of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epi) are used, the microtip-sensor yields the detection limit of 1,000 copies/mL within 20 minutes. The high sensitivity and specificity approaching nucleic acid amplification methods can potentially overcome the current challenges for rapid TB screening.

scholarly journals Australia’s notifiable disease status, 2015: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Notifiable Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

In 2015, 67 diseases and conditions were nationally notifiable in Australia. States and territories reported a total of 320,480 notifications of communicable diseases to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, an increase of 16% on the number of notifications in 2014. In 2015, the most frequently notified diseases were vaccine preventable diseases (147,569 notifications, 46% of total notifications), sexually transmissible infections (95,468 notifications, 30% of total notifications), and gastrointestinal diseases (45,326 notifications, 14% of total notifications). There were 17,337 notifications of bloodborne diseases; 12,253 notifications of vectorborne diseases; 1,815 notifications of other bacterial infections; 710 notifications of zoonoses and 2 notifications of quarantinable diseases.

scholarly journals Australia’s notifiable disease status, 2016: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Notifiable Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

In 2016, a total of 67 diseases and conditions were nationally notifiable in Australia. The states and territories reported 330,387 notifications of communicable diseases to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Notifications have remained stable between 2015 and 2016. In 2016, the most frequently notified diseases were vaccine preventable diseases (139,687 notifications, 42% of total notifications); sexually transmissible infections (112,714 notifications, 34% of total notifications); and gastrointestinal diseases (49,885 notifications, 15% of total notifications). Additionally, there were 18,595 notifications of bloodborne diseases; 6,760 notifications of vectorborne diseases; 2,020 notifications of other bacterial infections; 725 notifications of zoonoses and one notification of a quarantinable disease.

Nucleic acid amplification–based microfluidic approaches for antimicrobial susceptibility testing

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh ◽  
Nae Yoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Antibiotic Detection

Because of the global spreading of antimicrobial, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and effective tools for antibiotic detection to help clinicians prescribe accurate and appropriate antibiotic doses...

A national quality assurance survey of Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Trembizki ◽  
Monica Lahra ◽  
Kerrie Stevens ◽  
Kevin Freeman ◽  
Tiffany Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Assays

The aims of this study were to (1) conduct a national survey of Neisseria gonorrhoeae identification by National Neisseria Network (NNN) reference laboratories contributing data to the Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme and (2) determine the prevalence in Australia of strains of N. gonorrhoeae lacking gene sequences commonly targeted by in-house PCR assays for confirmation of gonococcal nucleic acid amplification tests. Gonococcal clinical isolates referred to NNN laboratories for the first half of 2012 were screened using in-house real-time PCR assays targeting multicopy opa, porA pseudogene and cppB genes. There were 2455 clinical gonococcal isolates received in the study period; 98.6 % (2420/2455) of isolates harboured all three gene targets, 0.12 % (3/2455) were porA-negative, 0.04 % (1/2455) opa-negative and 1.14 % (28/2455) cppB-negative by PCR. Notably, no isolates were simultaneously negative for two targets. However, three isolates failed to be amplified by all three PCR methods, one isolate of which was shown to be a commensal Neisseria strain by 16S rRNA sequencing. Using PCR as the reference standard the results showed that (1) identification of N. gonorrhoeae isolates by NNN laboratories was highly specific (99.96 %) and (2) strains of N. gonorrhoeae lacking gene sequences commonly targeted by in-house PCR assays are present but not widespread throughout Australia at this point in time.

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