scholarly journals Buruli ulcer: a new case definition for Victoria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M Betts ◽  
Ee Laine Tay ◽  
Paul D R Johnson ◽  
Caroline J Lavender ◽  
Katherine B Gibney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Experts

Laboratory-confirmed infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans is currently notifiable to health departments in several jurisdictions. Accurate surveillance is imperative to understanding current and emerging areas of endemicity and to facilitate research into a neglected tropical disease with poorly-understood transmission dynamics. The state of Victoria currently reports some of the highest numbers of M. ulcerans cases in the world each year, with 340 cases notified in 2018 (an incidence of 5.5 per 100,000 population). In May 2019, a group of clinical, laboratory and public health experts met to discuss a new case definition for the surveillance of M. ulcerans disease in Victoria, incorporating clinical and epidemiological elements. The new case definition supports important public health messaging and actions for residents and visitors to popular tourist areas in Victoria.

scholarly journals Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium di Indonesia: Tinjauan Epidemiologis dan Kebijakan Kesehatan

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentius Aswin Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Control Program ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Experts

Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI) merupakan penyebab retardasi mental terbesar di seluruh dunia yang dapat dicegah. Dewasa ini, GAKI masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting di Indonesia karena belum mampu mencapai kondisi eliminasi seperti yang diharapkan. Hasil survei tahun 2003 dan Riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian program penanggulangan GAKI di Indonesia masih jauh dari target Universal Salt Iodization dan Indonesia Sehat 2010. Artikel ini bertujuan mengevaluasi berbagai eviden epidemiologi yang berhubungan dengan kebijakan GAKI di Indonesia. Padamasa mendatang, berbagai komitmen lintas sektoral sangat diperlukan bagi pencapaian kondisi eliminasi GAKI. Perhatian klinisi dan ahli epidemiologi ter-hadap permasalahan GAKI di Indonesia masih rendah. Demikian pula, publikasi ilmiah yang mengkaji GAKI dari sudut pandang epidemiologi dan aplikasinya bagi kebijakan kesehatan. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberi gambaran dan perspektif epidemiologi yang luas bagi para klinisi dan ahli kesehatan masyarakat.Kata kunci: GAKI (Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium), penanggulangan, epidemiologi, kebijakan kesehatan.AbstractIDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorders) is the most common cause of preventable mental retardation in the world. Nowadays, IDD still one of the most important public health problems in Indonesia. Up to now, Indonesia has not yet reached the target of IDD elimination as expected. National IDD Survey at 2003 and National Health Survey at 2007 show the achievement of IDD control program in Indonesia is still below the target of Universal Salt Idozation and Indonesia Health 2010 (RAN KPP GAKI strategy). Cross-sectoral commitment is very important for the elimination of IDD in the future. Clinicians and epidemiologist concern for IDD elimination in Indonesia is still low, so does the publications in the field of IDD from epidemiology and health policy perspective. It is expec-ted that this literature review can give broad description and epidemiological perspective for clinicians and public health experts. Key words: IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorders), control program, epidemiology, health policy.

scholarly journals Viruses without Borders: Deadly Outbreaks of the 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Local Health Departments ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Borders ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Experts

Rapid trends in globalization, increase in population, and genetic diversity of viruses collectively provide grounds for emergence and reemergence of viral outbreaks that are threats to overall continuum of human development. In addition to human factors, environmental factors such as water, soil, mosquito vectors and animals are also contributing to the outbreaks of viral diseases. In the past two decades, we have witnessed some of the deadly viral epidemics of the 21st century such as the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa [1], Yellow Fever outbreak in Angola [2], the 2009 flu pandemic [3]. Dengue Fever [4], and Zika outbreak especially in Brazil [5], just a few to mention. From such outbreaks occurring unpredictably around the world, infectious diseases epidemiologists and global health experts acknowledge viruses have now evolved to rapidly cross international borders. In countries where resources of rapid viral detection and prevention programs are indeed limited, these outbreaks have produced devastating consequences not only overwhelming the local health departments’ capacity to confront the epidemics, but also, they have had serious and measurable devastating effects on economy and human productivity [6].

scholarly journals Buruli Ulcer: Review of a Neglected Skin Mycobacterial Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Guarner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Nodule ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTBuruli ulcer is caused byMycobacterium ulcerans. This neglected disease occurs in scattered foci around the world, with a higher concentration of cases in West Africa. The mycobacteria produce mycolactones that cause tissue necrosis. The disease presents as a painless skin nodule that ulcerates as necrosis expands. Finding acid-fast bacilli in smears or histopathology, culturing the mycobacteria, and performingM. ulceransPCR in presumptive cases confirm the diagnosis. Medical treatment with oral rifampin and intramuscular streptomycin or oral treatment with rifampin plus clarithromycin for 8 weeks is supported by the World Health Organization. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, and advances in treatment.

Antimicrobial resistance a threat to public health

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Merlino
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
The World ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
Health Experts

Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue and is a threat to public health globally. While emerging and re-emerging diseases have captured news headlines with outbreaks such SARS, bird flu, Ebola and Zika virus around the world, leading health experts tells us that there is a more serious threat to public health – antimicrobial resistance (AMR)1.

scholarly journals Potential Animal Reservoir of Mycobacterium ulcerans: Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishek Singh ◽  
John McBride ◽  
Brenda Govan ◽  
Mark Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of the Buruli ulcer, also known, in Australia, as Daintree ulcer or Bairnsdale ulcer. This destructive skin disease is characterized by extensive and painless necrosis of the skin and soft tissue with the formation of large ulcers, commonly on the leg or arm. To date, 33 countries with tropical, subtropical and temperate climates in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Western Pacific have reported cases of Buruli Ulcer. The disease is rarely fatal, although it may lead to permanent disability and/ or disfigurement if not treated appropriately or in time. It is the third most common mycobacterial infection in the world after tuberculosis and leprosy. The precise mode of transmission of M. ulcerans is yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, it is possible that the mode of transmission varies with different geographical areas and epidemiological settings. The knowledge about the possible route of transmission and potential animal reservoir of M. ulcerans is poorly understood and still remains patchy. We conducted a systematic review with selected key words on PubMed and INFORMIT databases to aggregate available published data on animal reservoirs of M. ulcerans. After certain inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were included in the review. A variety of animals, e.g rodents, shrews, possums (ringtail and brush tail), horses, dogs, alpacas, koalas and Indian flap-shelled turtles have been recorded as being infected with M. ulcerans around the world. The majority of studies included in this review identified animal reservoirs, either aquatic or terrestrial, as predisposing for the emergence and reemergence of M. ulcerans infection. Taken together, the selected studies in this systematic review and discussed so far, it is clear that exotic wildlife, aquatic animals and native mammals play a significant role as reservoirs for M. ulcerans.

scholarly journals Simulation Agent-Based Model to Demonstrate the Transmission of COVID-19 and Effectiveness of Different Public Health Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixing Wang ◽  
Hainan Xiong ◽  
Sijie Liu ◽  
Ara Jung ◽  
Trish Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Health Experts

COVID-19 has changed the world fundamentally since its outbreak in January 2020. Public health experts and administrations around the world suggested and implemented various intervention strategies to slow down the transmission of the virus. To illustrate to the general public how the virus is transmitted and how different intervention strategies can check the transmission, we built an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the transmission of the virus in the real world and demonstrate how to prevent its spread with public health strategies.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Canada, Foodbook Survey 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kate Thomas ◽  
Regan Murray ◽  
Andrea Nesbitt ◽  
Frank Pollari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Important Public Health Issue

Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is an important public health issue, with many pathogen sources and modes of transmission. A one-year telephone survey was conducted in Canada (2014-2015) to estimate the incidence of self-reported AGI in the previous 28 days and to describe health care seeking behaviour, using a symptom-based case definition. Excluding cases with respiratory symptoms, it is estimated that there are 0.57 self-reported AGI episodes per person-year, almost 19.5 million episodes in Canada each year. The proportion of cases seeking medical care was nearly 9%, of which 17% reported being requested to submit a sample for laboratory testing, and 49% of those requested complied and provided a sample. Results can be used to inform burden of illness and source attribution studies and indicate that AGI continues to be an important public health issue in Canada.

An Unobtrusive Important Issue in the World, Female Suicide

2014 ◽  
pp. 115-146
Author(s):  
Semra Günay Aktaş
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Female Suicide ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Region ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Health Experts

Suicide is a complex structure and also affects the families of the person who commit suicide, health care professionals and society. Suicide shows large differences depending on the time, region, age level, gender and race. Suicides are chaotic events because a little confusion on one of each these factors may cause a significant change that leads to severe consequences. Chaos theorists believe that the first step to deal with chaos is to understand it. Therefore, all aspects of suicide need to be understood in detail in order to prevent it. Strategies to prevent suicide can be developed through searching and understanding the suicide geography. In this chapter, the spatial pattern of female suicide is examined with suicide maps. With suicide maps, the aim is to clarify the spatial alteration of the deaths caused by female suicide, to help in focusing on female suicide, to increase the awareness of the specific regions and groups that have a high risk and so to guide the ones who are dealing with decreasing the death ratios, public health experts and decision makers.

scholarly journals Novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory disease: Case definition and public health measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Danielsson ◽  
collective on behalf of the ECDC Internal Response Team ◽  
M Catchpole
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Two cases of rapidly progressive acute respiratory infection in adults associated with a novel coronavirus have generated an international public health response. The two infections were acquired three months apart, probably in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. An interim case definition has been elaborated and was published on the World Health Organization website on 25 September 2012.

scholarly journals Managing essential healthcare services during the first nationwide lockdown: experiences from a Regional Referral Hospital in Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Purushotam Bhandari ◽  
Neelima Chhetri ◽  
Dinesh Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Mobile Clinic ◽  
Public Health Measure ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World

The current COVID -19 pandemic has brought unprecedented burden on healthcare system throughout the world. While the pandemic has hijacked all attention and priorities, there is a significant concern that non-COVID essential healthcare services  may be negleccted. Lockdowns have become an important public health measure to contain local outbreaks. We describe  our experiences  in ensuring the provision of essential healthcare services during the first nationwide lockdown. Adequate preparations with a well-thought of contingency plan , identification of roles,  good communication system,  24 -hour hotline and a  mobile clinic with the most essential services,  form important components of essential healthcare services.  

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