scholarly journals Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Sepsis Outcome Programme (GNSOP) Annual Report 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M Bell ◽  
Thomas Gottlieb ◽  
Denise A Daley ◽  
Geoffrey W Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Outcome Programme

The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric Gram-negative pathogens. The 2017 survey was the fifth year to focus on blood stream infections, and included Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Seven thousand nine hundred and ten isolates, comprising Enterobacterales (7,100, 89.8%), P. aeruginosa (697, 8.8%) and Acinetobacter species (113, 1.4%), were tested using commercial automated methods. The results were analysed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints (January 2018). Of the key resistances, non-susceptibility to the third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, was found in 11.3%/11.3% of Escherichia coli (CLSI/EUCAST criteria), 8.8%/8.8% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 5.7%/5.7% of K. oxytoca. Non-susceptibility rates to ciprofloxacin were 12.1%/18.0% for E. coli, 4.4%/11.2% for K. pneumoniae, 1.3%/3.5% for K. oxytoca, 3.0%/8.5% for Enterobacter cloacae complex, and 5.1%/9.8% for P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 2.8%/5.9%, 3.7%/7.3%, 9.6%/11.0%, 22.5%/27.6%, and 6.4%/13.2% for the same five species respectively. Twenty-seven isolates from 25 patients were shown to harbour a carbapenemase gene: 12 bla[IMP] (11 patients), five bla[OXA-181] (four patients), three bla[OXA-23], two bla[NDM], two bla[KPC], two bla[VIM], and one bla[GES].

scholarly journals Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Sepsis Outcome Programme (GNSOP) Annual Report 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M Bell ◽  
Thomas Gottlieb ◽  
Denise A Daley ◽  
Geoffrey W Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Outcome Programme

The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric gram-negative pathogens. The 2018 survey was the sixth year to focus on bloodstream infections, and included Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Eight thousand three hundred and fifty isolates, comprising Enterobacterales (7,512, 90.0%), P. aeruginosa (743, 8.9%) and Acinetobacter species (95, 1.1%), were tested using commercial automated methods. The results were analysed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints (January 2019). Of the key resistances, resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, was found in 13.4%/13.4% of Escherichia coli (CLSI/EUCAST criteria), and 9.4%/9.4% of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were 15.2%/15.2% for E. coli, 11.3%/11.3% for K. pneumoniae, 7.4%/7.4% for Enterobacter cloacae complex, and 3.6%/7.7% for P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 3.0%/6.0%, 4.3%/7.9%, 18.2%/22.0%, and 5.1%/11.1% for the same five species respectively. Thirty-one isolates from 27 patients were shown to harbour a carbapenemase gene: 14 blaIMP-4 (11 patients), including one with blaIMP-4+blaOXA-23, four blaKPC (three patients), three blaOXA-48, three blaNDM, three blaGES. two blaOXA-181, and two blaOXA-23.

scholarly journals Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Sepsis Outcome Programme (GNSOP) Annual Report 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M Bell ◽  
Alicia Fajardo Lubian ◽  
Sally Partridge ◽  
Thomas Gottlieb ◽  
Jonathan Iredell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Resistance Rates

The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric gram-negative pathogens. The 2019 survey was the seventh year to focus on bloodstream infections, and included Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Eight thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven isolates, comprising Enterobacterales (7,983; 90.1%), P. aeruginosa (764; 8.6%) and Acinetobacter species (110; 1.2%), were tested using commercial automated methods. The results were analysed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints (January 2020). Of the key resistances, resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone was found in 13.3%/13.3% (CLSI/EUCAST criteria) of Escherichia coli and 8.4%/8.4% of Klebsiella pneumonia. Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were 16.0%/16.0% for E. coli, 10.2%/10.2% for K. pneumonia complex, 5.9%/5.9% for Enterobacter cloacae complex, and 4.1%/9.3% for P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 3.2%/5.7%, 4.7%/8.5%, 14.8%/21.4%, and 6.9%/12.5% for the same four species/complex respectively. Twenty-nine isolates from 29 patients were shown to harbour a carbapenemase gene: 15 blaIMP-4, five blaOXA-181, four blaOXA-23 (one with blaOXA-58 also), three blaNDM-4/5, one blaGES-5, and one blaIMP-1

scholarly journals Increased colistin resistance of Acinetobacter species in intensive care unit-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital

10.3823/815 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanem Karadag Gecgel ◽  
Canan Demir
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogen microorganisms especially colistin resistant rates of Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections and to determine infection-specific correct treatment strategies. Methods: The data of adult and newborn infant patients diagnosed with ICU-acquired infection in a tertiary education and research hospital in Bursa in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed, retrospectively. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequent pathogen of ICU-acquired infections in 2014 and 2016. There was a significant increase in colistin (CO) resistance rates in A. baumanii (0.0%-6.8%). A significant increase in CO, cefepime (FEP), ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance rates was established in all gram negative bacteria (0.0%-7.9%, 50.0%-91.9%, 54.7%-74.6%), respectively. A significant increase in the rate of detection of A. baumanii as the pathogen microorganism in respiratory tract infection (RTI) was established (53.9% -79.5%). In addition, the average ventilator-associated pneumonia (VIP) infection rate also increased in 2016 compared to 2014 (VIP rate 2014: 7.12, 2016: 7.45, per 1000 ventilator days). A significant decrease in the rate of detection of all gram negative microorganisms in the surgical site infection (SSI), and a significant increase in the rate of detection of all gram positive microorganisms in the SSI was determined. Conclusion: Increased antimicrobial resistance, especially increased colistin resistance rates in ICU-acquired infections, necessitates the creation of new strategies in empirical therapy. Detection of antimicrobial resistance profiles of local and infectious pathogen microorganisms in ICUs is a good guide for correct antimicrobial management.

scholarly journals ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Altaf Bandy ◽  
Bilal Tantry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Bovine Mastitis and Raw Milk: The First Emergence of Colistin mcr-10 and Fosfomycin fosA5 Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae in Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine H. Tartor ◽  
Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Rasha M. A. Gharieb ◽  
Hend M. El Damaty ◽  
Shymaa Enany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern in the dairy industry. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and genome sequencing of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical (n = 350) and subclinical (n = 95) bovine mastitis, and raw unpasteurized milk (n = 125). Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter cloacae (100% each), Escherichia coli (87.78%), and Proteus mirabilis (69.7%) were the most prevalent multidrug-resistant (MDR) species. Extensive drug-resistance (XDR) phenotype was found in P. mirabilis (30.30%) and E. coli (3.33%) isolates. Ten isolates (four E. coli, three Klebsiella species and three P. mirabilis) that displayed the highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices (0.54–0.83), were exposed to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Two multilocus sequence types (MLST): ST2165 and ST7624 were identified among the sequenced E. coli isolates. Three E. coli isolates (two from clinical mastitis and one from raw milk) belonging to ST2165 showed similar profile of plasmid replicon types: IncFIA, IncFIB, IncFII, and IncQ1 with an exception to an isolate that contained IncR, whereas E. coli ST7624 showed a different plasmid profile including IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncI1α, and IncFII replicon types. ResFinder findings revealed the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin mcr-10 and fosfomycin fosA5 resistance genes in a K. pneumoniae (K1) isolate from bovine milk. Sequence analysis of the reconstructed mcr-10 plasmid from WGS of K1 isolate, showed that mcr-10 gene was bracketed by xerC and insertion sequence IS26 on an IncFIB plasmid. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that K1 isolate existed in a clade including mcr-10-harboring isolates from human and environment with different STs and countries [United Kingdom (ST788), Australia (ST323), Malawi (ST2144), Myanmar (ST705), and Laos (ST2355)]. This study reports the first emergence of K. pneumoniae co-harboring mcr-10 and fosA5 genes from bovine milk in the Middle East, which constitutes a public health threat and heralds the penetration of the last-resort antibiotics. Hence, prudent use of antibiotics in both humans and animals and antimicrobial surveillance plans are urgently required.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteremic Gram-Negative Bacteria with Emphasis on Community-Acquired Resistant Isolates: Report from the 2019 Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Yu-Lin Lee ◽  
Min-Chi Lu ◽  
Pei-Lan Shao ◽  
Po-Liang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT A multicenter collection of bacteremic isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 423), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 372), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 300), and Acinetobacter baumannii complex (n = 199) was analyzed for susceptibility. Xpert Carba-R assay and sequencing for mcr genes were performed for carbapenem- or colistin-resistant isolates. Nineteen (67.8%) carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (n = 28) and one (20%) carbapenem-resistant E. coli (n = 5) isolate harbored blaKPC (n = 17), blaOXA-48 (n = 2), and blaVIM (n = 1) genes.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolated Bacilli in Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Yucatán Mexico

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés H. Uc-Cachón ◽  
Carlos Gracida-Osorno ◽  
Iván G. Luna-Chi ◽  
Jonathan G. Jiménez-Guillermo ◽  
Gloria M. Molina-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing worldwide and imposes significant life-threatening risks to several different populations, especially to those in intensive care units (ICU). The most commonly isolated organisms in ICU comprise gram-negative bacilli (GNB), and these represent a leading cause of serious infections. This study was conducted to describe the prevalence of resistance in GNB isolated from patients in adults, pediatric, and neonatal ICU in a tertiary-care hospital in Mérida, Mexico. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done on samples collected in Neonatal (NICU), Pediatric (PICU) and Adult (AICU) ICU of Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mérida, México. The identification of isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using an automated system. Results: A total of 517 GNB strains were isolated. The most common positive culture was bronchial secretions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the prevalent pathogen in NICU and PICU, whereas Escherichia coli was common in the AICU. Overall, GNB exhibited a high resistance rates for Ampicillin (95.85%), Cefuroxime (84.17%), Piperacillin (82.93%), Cefotaxime (78.07%), Ceftriaxone (77.41%), Aztreonam (75.23%), Cefazolin (75.00%), and Ceftazidime (73.19%). There are significant differences in the resistance rates of GNB from different ICUs for penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones drugs. Escherichia coli (multidrug-resistant [MDR] = 91.57%, highly resistant microorganisms [HRMO] = 90.36%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR = 86.79%, HRMO = 83.02%) exhibited the highest percentage of MDR and HRMO profiles. The prevalence of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates was 83.13% in E. coli, 78.84% in Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 66.67% in Proteus mirabilis, respectively. Conclusions: The high resistance rates to drugs were exhibited by our GNB isolates. Continuous surveillance and control of the use of antimicrobials are urgently needed to reduce the emergence and spreading of MDR, HRMO, and/or ESBL-producing bacilli.

Antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from conventionally and organically reared poultry: A comparison of agar disc diffusion and Sensi Test Gram-negative methods

Food Control ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Álvarez-Fernández ◽  
Amaya Cancelo ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Vega ◽  
Rosa Capita ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Disc

Antimicrobial Resistance at Two U.S. Cull Cow Processing Establishments

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 2216-2228
Author(s):  
JOHN W. SCHMIDT ◽  
AMIT VIKRAM ◽  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
KEITH E. BELK ◽  
PAUL S. MORLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Organic Dairy

ABSTRACT Culled beef cows (cows that have reached the end of their productive life span in cow-calf operations) and culled dairy cows represent approximately 18% of the cattle harvested in the United States annually, but data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these cull cattle are extremely limited. To address this data gap, colon contents were obtained from 180 culled conventional beef cows, 179 culled conventional dairy cows, and 176 culled organic dairy cows (produced without using antimicrobials). Sponge samples were also collected from 181 conventional beef, 173 conventional dairy, and 180 organic dairy cow carcasses. These samples were obtained on 6 days (3 days each at two beef harvest and processing establishments). At one establishment, 30 samples of beef manufacturing trimmings from conventional cows and 30 trim samples from organic dairy cows were acquired. All 1,129 samples were cultured for Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TETr) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCr) E. coli, Salmonella, and 3GCrSalmonella. Metagenomic DNA was isolated from 535 colon content samples, and quantitative PCR assays were performed to assess the abundances of the following 10 antimicrobial resistance genes: aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aadA1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, blaKPC-2, erm(B), mecA, tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M). For colon contents, only TETrE. coli (P &lt; 0.01), 3GCrE. coli (P &lt; 0.01), and erm(B) (P = 0.03) levels were higher in conventional than in organic cows. Sampling day also significantly affected (P &lt; 0.01) these levels. Production system did not affect the levels of any measured AMR on carcasses or trim. The human health impact of the few significant AMR differences could not be determined due to the lack of standards for normal, background, safe, or basal values. Study results provide key heretofore unavailable data that may inform quantitative microbial risk assessments to address these gaps. HIGHLIGHTS

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Iranian Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas SHAPOURI MOGHADDAM ◽  
Maryam ARFAATABAR ◽  
Jalil TAVAKOL AFSHARI ◽  
Ali SHAKERIMOGHADDAM ◽  
Zahra MOHAMMADZAMANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major complication in patients who receive the kidney transplant. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial uropathogens isolated from Iranian kidney transplant recipients. Methods: We searched according to Prisma protocol for UTI infection, prevalence, occurrence and distribution of bacteria and their pattern of antibiotic resistance among Iranian patients who receive kidney transplant through online electronic databases with MeSh terms and text words in published references in both Persian and English languages during 1990-2017. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) by Cochrane Q and I2 Random Effects Model. Results: Eleven studies met the eligible inclusion criteria. The prevalence of UTI among kidney transplant patients varied from 11.7% to 67.5%. The combined prevalence of UTI was 32.6%. Among Gram-negative pathogens causing UTI, E. coli was the most dominant followed by Klebsiella pneumonia with prevalence 41.3% and 11.9%, respectively. Also, amongst Gram-positive bacteria, the highest prevalence belonged to Enterococcus spp. (9.8%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (9.4%). Also in Gram-negative pathogens, the most resistance was to ampicillin (91.2%), followed by ceftazidime (89.5%). The minimum resistance was against imipenem with prevalence 14.3%. Conclusion: The combined prevalence of UTI was 32.6%. Gram-negative pathogens especially E. coli were the most agents of UTI in Iranian patients who receive kidney transplant. Also, in gram-negative pathogens, the most resistance was to ampicillin that it needs a new strategy for prophylaxis and treatment of UTI after the kidney transplant.

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