scholarly journals Gonorrhoea enhanced surveillance for indigenous status and risk factors in the south-eastern Sydney population

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Ferson ◽  
Kelly-Anne Ressler ◽  
Alma Nurkic ◽  
Paula J Spokes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Casual Partner ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Public Health Staff

Background: Gonorrhoea incidence is increasing in the Australian population. As a laboratory notifiable disease in NSW, information is not routinely available on indigenous status, sexual preference or other risk factors for infection. We conducted a 12-month pilot of enhanced surveillance in southeastern Sydney in order to assess the feasibility of gathering this additional information. Methods: For each notification in a south-eastern Sydney resident with a 2013 specimen date, we sent a letter and questionnaire to the requesting doctor seeking additional demographic and risk factor information. Results: Of 1,341 questionnaires sent, 1,073 (79.5%) were returned, and men comprised 947 (88.3%). Indigenous status was provided for 1,009 (94.1%) cases, with seven (0.7%) identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Most men (83%) but a minority of women (19%) had same sex partners (p<0.001). Whilst 70% of men reported acquisition from a casual partner, only 46% of women thought they had acquired infection from a casual partner. Conclusions: The high response rate and completeness of indigenous status were strong features of this enhanced surveillance pilot which also provided valuable information on sexual preference and other risk factors for infection. However, gathering of this information was very labour intensive for both clinical and public health staff.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hepatitis C surveillance in Poland in 1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MAZUREK ◽  
Y. HUTIN ◽  
L.-A. McNUTT ◽  
D. L. MORSE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Health Staff ◽  
Hcv Transmission

The aim was to evaluate hepatitis C surveillance in Poland during 1998. Hepatitis C reports were obtained from epidemiology offices. Public health staff were interviewed to collect information on surveillance operations. To estimate the proportion of acute cases among the total reported, a study was conducted in the Warsaw district to validate case reports. A total of 1661 (97.2%) hepatitis C cases were studied. Hepatitis C surveillance was timely and acceptable to the user, but did not provide a number of information elements required to differentiate acute from chronic cases of infection. Of the 268 case reports available in the Warsaw district, only 15 (5.6%) met the acute hepatitis C case definition. It is concluded that hepatitis C surveillance in Poland cannot provide useful incidence estimates and information regarding risk factors for acute infection. A strict case definition and a modified case form with specific questions for HCV transmission routes should be applied.

The association of sexual preference and dynamic risk factors with undetected child pornography offending

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Kuhle ◽  
E. Schlinzig ◽  
G. Kaiser ◽  
T. Amelung ◽  
A. Konrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Dynamic Risk Factors ◽  
Dynamic Risk

The role of circumcision, tobacco, and alcohol use in genital human papillomavirus infection among men from Denmark

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110147
Author(s):  
Julie B Hebnes ◽  
Christian Munk ◽  
Kirsten Frederiksen ◽  
Hans O Joergensen ◽  
Thomas Iftner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

It is crucial to understand the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men to prevent the increasing male HPV-related disease burden. We evaluated the associations between HPV infection and circumcision, smoking, and alcohol use after accounting for sexual behavior. The study included 2331 male personnel from Danish barracks. Penile swabs were tested for HPV DNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, INNO-LiPA. All men completed a self-administered questionnaire providing data on potential risk factors for HPV such as lifestyle and sexual habits. Using multivariable logistic regression, associations between potential risk factors and HPV infection were estimated and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current cigarette smoking was associated with increased odds of HPV detection (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0–1.4), but we found no association with alcohol use in the analysis adjusted for sexual behavior. Circumcision reduced the odds of a prevalent HPV infection (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–1.0) although not statistically significantly. Strong associations with lifetime and recent number of female sex partners were observed, but in contrast to uncircumcised men, increasing number of sex partners was not associated with higher HPV prevalence in circumcised men. In conclusion, smoking was associated with increased odds of penile HPV in men from the general population in Denmark, whereas circumcision seemed to reduce the risk. Moreover, our results indicated that there might be differences in the viral susceptibility between circumcised and uncircumcised men.

scholarly journals A cluster of cholera among patients in a Vietnamese district hospital in 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 910-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuan Huu Vo ◽  
Ninh Hoang Le ◽  
J. Pekka Nuorti ◽  
Lan Trong Phan ◽  
Nguyen Nhu Tran Minh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Index Case ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
Public Health Staff ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

On July 20, 2010, three cases of cholera were reported from a district hospital in Ca Mau province, Vietnam. We investigated the likely source and mode of transmission of the outbreak. All hospitals in the province were requested to notify cases of acute watery diarrhoea. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Between July 12 and 22, seven cases with positive culture for Vibrio cholera were identified. Six cases were epidemiologically linked to the index case. Basic infection control practices were not in place at the hospital. Clinicians and public health staff should consider the possibility of nosocomial cholera transmission even in non-endemic areas.

Stomach contents of the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) from Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Cynoscion Guatucupa ◽  
Janeiro State

Along the central coast of Rio de Janeiro State (22°25′S–23°00′S), south-eastern Brazil, the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) feeds on neritic prey that are distributed through the water column and are abundant all year round. The most frequently found species were the teleost fish Trichiurus lepturus, Cynoscion guatucupa, Isopisthus parvipinnis and Porichthys porossisimus. Fish species were more important than cephalopod species in the diet of the marine tucuxi. Back calculations of prey sizes indicated that they feed mainly on young specimens. The present study provided additional information on the feeding habits of the marine tucuxi dolphin.

Prevalence and risk factors of anogenital human papillomavirus infection in a community sample of men who have sex with men in Taiwan: baseline findings from a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Carol Strong ◽  
Huachun Zou ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
Ya-Lun Liang ◽  
Wen-Wei Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sex With Men

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) are a highly neglected population in the current recommendation of girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes in many countries. To better assess the cost effectiveness of HPV vaccination among men requires data on the prevalence of HPV infection in MSM using a community sample, which is still sparse in several regions. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with anogenital HPV infection among MSM in Taiwan.MethodsMSM 20 years of age and older were recruited from the community and social media in Taiwan in 2015–2016 and screened for HPV infection to detect 37 genotypes. MSM were seen at baseline and were/will be seen at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Men completed a questionnaire regarding their sexual experiences. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify associated behavioural risk factors using the baseline data.ResultsA total of 253 MSM were recruited; 87 % were below 35 years of age. Diagnosis of HIV was reported in 4% of men; just over 20% had three or more anal sex partners in the past year. The prevalence of any tested HPV type was 29.4% at the anal site and 11% at the penile site. One quarter of MSM were infected with any of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Anal HPV detection was associated with having three or more receptive anal sex partners in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.92, 95% CI 1.29 to 6.61) and having older sex partners (aOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.90).ConclusionsOur data provide the base to calculate the reproductive rate for HPV transmission in a low-risk community sample and cost-effectiveness to include men in HPV vaccination policies. Adding evidence from a community sample adds comprehensiveness for future estimates of disease transmission and vaccine effectiveness.

scholarly journals Healthy public policy competences for public health: interactive and practice-oriented curriculum

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Guyon ◽  
R Lessard ◽  
M Masse-Jolicoeur ◽  
S Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Organizational Practices ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Healthy Public Policy ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Public Health Staff

Abstract Background Developing and implementing healthy public policy (HPP) is one of the practical competences expected of public health professionals in Europe and beyond (ASPHER 2018, Public Health Agency of Canada 2015, US Public Health Foundation 2014). Yet, organizational practices in building public health capacity to promote HPP are seldom documented. In order to improve its HPP interventions, the Montreal Public Health Unit has been leading and evaluating a HPP multidisciplinary community of practice since 2014. In response to participants’ requests, we recently formalized a HPP curriculum. Objectives Over a period of 12 months in 2018-2019, our objectives were to: (1) develop and pre-test a competency-based professional development curriculum in HPP for public health staff and interns (2) provide a repository of relevant references (3) identify dynamic pedagogical strategies applicable to a community of practice. Results As community of practice members and facilitators, we developed a HPP curriculum with the support of pedagogical and HPP experts. It was pre-tested and iteratively adjusted with members of the community of practice. We drew content from various disciplines including political sciences, public health, communication studies and public relations. We identified relevant: (1) competences; (2) core concepts; (3) practical skills; (4) key references; (5) practical case studies, (6) interactive pedagogical strategies such as an open-source online learning system. Conclusions We developed an innovative healthy public policy (HPP) curriculum in order to support an existing community of practice among public health staff. Dynamic pedagogical strategies and a more formal HPP curriculum can support competence development among public health staff, and this can be achieved while relying mostly on in-house expertise. This constitutes a stimulating capacity-building initiative for the enhancement of public health core competences. Key messages Developing healthy public policy is a core practical competence expected of public health professionals. Yet, organizational practices in building healthy public policy capacity are seldom documented. Developing dynamic pedagogical strategies and a more formal healthy public policy curriculum can support competence development among public health staff, while relying mostly on in-house expertise.

scholarly journals Model to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in Palestine refugees with diabetes mellitus attending UNRWA health centers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000624
Author(s):  
Nada Abu Kishk ◽  
Yousef Shahin ◽  
Joanna Mitri ◽  
Yassir Turki ◽  
Wafaa Zeidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Session Attendance

IntroductionThe United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is the main primary healthcare provider and provides assistance and protection to around 5 million Palestine refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank and Gaza. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common problem among Palestine refugees, with a prevalence of 11.0%. In 2014, UNRWA embarked on a diabetes campaign to assist both patients with DM and staff in improving diabetes care management, by building the capacity of UNRWA’s health staff and improving the knowledge and lifestyle behaviors among Palestine refugees with DM.MethodUsing a quasiexperimental study, we randomly selected 50 patients with diabetes from the 32 largest UNRWA health centers (HC); a total of 1600 participants were enrolled. Each HC conducted weekly group sessions for 6 months, including education, healthy cooking, and physical exercise. Body measurements, 2-hour postprandial glucose test, blood pressure and session attendance were collected on a weekly basis. Demographical data, pre/postquestionnaires and cholesterol levels were collected before and after the campaign. Paired t-test in SPSS V.21 was used.ResultsOut of 1600 patients, 1598 (1186 (74.0%) females and 412 (26.0%) males) completed the campaign; 576 (36.0%) patients had diabetes type 2 (DMII), 960 (60.0%) had DMII and hypertension and 62 (4.0%) had diabetes type 1 (DMI). After the campaign, the average weight loss was 2.6 kg (95% CI 2.4 to 2.7). In addition, 22% lost ≥5%, 25% lost 3%–5%, and 30% lost 1%–3% of their weight. Significant improvements were seen in blood glucose, cholesterol and waist circumference (WC) (p≤0.001 for all). The session attendance rate was 70.6% in total.ConclusionsThis campaign focused on raising healthy lifestyle awareness and practices among Palestine refugees with DM. It was associated with reduction cardiometabolic risk factors. Similar campaigns need to be sustained and expanded. Local community and non-governmental organization partnerships observed during the campaign should be strengthened and sustained.

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