scholarly journals Human papillomavirus in anal squamous cell carcinoma: an angel rather than a devil?

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paoloa Simona Ravenda
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Promotes Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Anal Squamous Carcinogenesis: An Immunologic and Pathobiologic Review

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Omar Bushara ◽  
Katrina Krogh ◽  
Samuel Edward Weinberg ◽  
Brian Steven Finkelman ◽  
Leyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with rising incidence, both in the United States and internationally. The primary risk factor for anal SCC is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is a growing burden of disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV coinfection, with the incidence of anal SCC significantly increasing in this population. This is particularly true in HIV-infected men. The epidemiologic correlation between HIV-HPV coinfection and anal SCC is established; however, the immunologic mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> HIV-related immunosuppression due to low circulating CD4+ T cells is one component of increased risk, but other mechanisms, such as the effect of HIV on CD8+ T lymphocyte tumor infiltration and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in antitumor and antiviral response, is emerging as significant contributors. The goal of this article is to review existing research on HIV-HPV coinfected anal SCC and precancerous lesions, propose explanations for the detrimental synergy of HIV and HPV on the pathogenesis and immunologic response to HPV-associated cancers, and discuss implications for future treatments and immunotherapies in HIV-positive patients with HPV-mediated anal SCC. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Locoregional HIV infection may enhance human papillomavirus oncogenicity. Chronic inflammation due to HIV infection may contribute to CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion by upregulating PD-1 expression, thereby blunting cytotoxic antitumor response.

Prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus infection in anal squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 735-735
Author(s):  
Jaymin Jhaveri ◽  
Lael Rayfield ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Mudit Chowdhary ◽  
Richard John Cassidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
National Cancer Database ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Relevance ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
The Impact

735 Background: To examine the prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) patients treated with chemoradiation in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: The 2014 NCDB was queried for non-metastatic, histologically confirmed, ASCC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Patients were required to have HPV status documented in order to be eligible. Patients were then stratified into two groups: HPV+ and HPV-. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 test for categorical covariates and ANOVA for numerical covariates. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed using Cox proportional hazard model for overall survival (OS). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated for each covariate. To minimize selection bias, propensity score (PS) weighting was implemented to balance OS related variables between the groups including: age, education level, stage, diagnosis year, insurance type, and agent of chemotherapy. Results: A total of 1,063 patients were eligible. Patients were stratified into HPV+ (n = 498, 46.8%) and HPV- (n = 565, 53.2%). After PS weighting, MVA for OS showed that for men, HPV infection was associated with better OS (HR 0.60, CI 0.38-0.96; p = 0.034). However, for women, HPV infection did not significantly influence survival (HR 1.47, CI 0.96-2.25; p = 0.074). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest patient series evaluating the impact of HPV infection on OS in patients with anal cancer. We found that HPV infection is associated with a statistically significant better survival for men with ASCC. In contrast, for women, HPV infection did not significantly influence survival.

scholarly journals The Axis “Human Papillomavirus - Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma”: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-481
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro ◽  
◽  
Abdeldjalil Khelassi ◽  
Valeria Tananska ◽  
Yuzo Iano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

scholarly journals Detection of Early Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers by Liquid Biopsy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama R. Damerla ◽  
Nancy Y. Lee ◽  
Daoqui You ◽  
Rekha Soni ◽  
Rachna Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Negative Controls

PURPOSE A circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) test to detect plasma Epstein-Barr viral DNA can be used to screen for early nasopharyngeal cancers; however, the reported sensitivity of viral ctDNA tests to detect human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers is modest. We assessed the utility of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to detect early-stage HPV-associated cancers using sequential HPV16 and HPV33 assays that account for HPV subtype distribution and subtype sequence variants. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected plasma specimens from 97 HPV-positive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and eight patients with HPV-positive anal squamous cell carcinoma, each with locoregionally confined disease. Negative controls included samples from seven patients with HPV-negative head and neck cancers and 20 individuals without cancer. RESULTS Of 97 patients with nonmetastatic, locoregionally confined oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 90 patients had detectable HPV16 ctDNA and three patients had HPV33 ctDNA, indicating an overall sensitivity of 95.6%. Seven of eight patients with early anal cancer were HPV16 ctDNA positive. No HPV ctDNA was detected in 27 negative controls, indicating 100% specificity. HPV16 ctDNA was detected in 19 of 19 patients with low-volume disease, defined as patients with a single, asymptomatic positive lymph node (N1) or an isolated T1-2 asymptomatic primary tumor. HPV16 ctDNA levels directly corresponded to tumor responses to chemoradiation and surgery. CONCLUSION With an updated understanding of HPV subtypes and sequence variation, HPV ctDNA by ddPCR is highly sensitive and specific, identifying HPV16 and HPV33 subtypes in a similar distribution as reported in major genomic profiling studies. The detection of small tumors indicates that HPV16 and HPV33 ctDNA ddPCR could be readily used in early detection screening trials and in disease response monitoring, analogous to Epstein-Barr virus DNA.

scholarly journals High-risk human papillomavirus in anal squamous cell carcinoma: a ‘conservative’ leading role

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1160
Author(s):  
P.S. Ravenda ◽  
M.G. Zampino ◽  
E. Guerini-Rocco ◽  
S. Chiocca ◽  
V. Dell’Acqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Leading Role

Prognostic value of human papillomavirus in anal squamous cell carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Simona Ravenda ◽  
Elena Magni ◽  
Edoardo Botteri ◽  
Michela Manzotti ◽  
Massimo Barberis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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