scholarly journals THE SOVIET POLITICAL AND LEGAL RULES AS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF THE FORMALITY OF THE MILITARY UKRAINIAN VILLAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
B. Марченко
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collective Farms

The given article deals with the influence of Soviet political and legal regulations on the everyday life of a post-war Ukrainian village. The level of topic development in the scientific literature was analyzed. A considerable source group consists of materials, connected with the party and economic documents. They give an opportunity to find out those aspects of rural everyday life, which deals with the peasants’ manufacturing life, tangible security, village specialists supporting, etc. It was found that there were statutory regulations, that determined the permissible size properties. Excessive land was divested from the peasants, which caused their resistance and indignation. Therefore, it influenced the family’s nutrition. It was revealed that the decree of 1948, according to which the agricultural tax rate increased, affected negatively to the financial possibilities of the peasant family. Before this decree, families whose relatives died in the war and did not have able-bodied workers, except for widows, especially with children under the age of 8, were completely exempt from tax. Now they had to pay 50% of the tax. The laws concerning the production sphere of the village were analyzed. For example, the decree «About the eviction of people who viciously evade work in agriculture and lead an antisocial, parasitic lifestyle from the Ukrainian SSR» should have influenced the peasants’ attitude to work in the collective farm. It empowered the local authorities to settle the issue of exportation outside the village, the republic of virtually any peasant farmer who did not work minimum hours, as well as the residents of the village who were not members of the collective farm through the collective farms and village gatherings. In making a decision, often reasons were not usually taken into account. A significant number of sentences was unfair. The problem of the rehabilitation of rural housing was considered. In 1945. a decree was adopted, named «About the construction of residential buildings of collective farmers, industrial buildings, cultural and household structures in the countryside». It shifted the main construction works, including the provision of building materials, to the collective farms.

ENERGY-SAVING HOMES-THE MAIN MOTTO OF UZBEKISTAN IN RECENT YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Sobira Nosirova ◽  
◽  
Dilbar Rustamova ◽  
Marguba Egamova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic

In this research work, practical experiments were conducted to use energy-saving materials in the design of residential buildings being built in a new type in the Republic, as well as the use of materials that support energy conservation in buildings, are rough and accessible to the public, as well as in the construction of houses using building materials that correspond to the use of such building materials for external enclosing structures, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency of buildings.Keywords:external fencing structure, thermal protection, energy efficiency, material, need, boundary, project, economy

scholarly journals Labour Mobilization of the Collective Farm Peasantry Temnikovsky District of the Mordovian ASSR in the Post-War Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Pershin ◽  
Evgeny D. Yekaterinin ◽  
Alina O. Lavrushkina
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Vegetable Gardens ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Collective Farms

Introduction and Methods. In the post-war period, the mobilization of the collective farm village and the strengthening of control over the workers began to be considered again as one of the main means of raising agriculture. The authors of the article have undertaken research on the problem of organizational and economic strengthening of collective farms in the second half of the 40s – early 50s of the XX century by analyzing the specifics of the implementation of the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of September 19, 1946 “On measures to eliminate violations of the Charter of the agricultural artel in collective farms”. The source base of the study was archival materials on the Temnikovsky district of the Mordovian ASSR. During the research, the following methods were used: comparative-historical, problem-chronological, system analysis and structural. Results and Discussion. Having received a directive from the center, responsible employees urgently began to identify violations noted in the resolution of the party and the government in the collective farms of the Temnikovsky district. Already in the autumn of 1946 as a result of the audit of the land fund, a lot of violations of the “Charter” were revealed, which consisted in unauthorized cutting of arable land to personal farms, as well as in the use of hayfields and pastures. More significant areas of land were illegally withdrawn from collective farm turnover by various institutions and organizations. The audits also revealed fictitious sections of households in order to acquire additional areas of household plots and vegetable gardens, increase the number of livestock and poultry. The reports prepared by officials based on the results of the inspections carried out indicate that the payment system, introduced even in wartime conditions, began to fail without the systematic use of repressive measures. Another characteristic feature of the development of the village in the late 1940s–early 1950s was the numerous violations of the principles of “collective farm democracy”. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the stages of implementation of the resolution of September 19, 1946, the nature and effectiveness of the event were determined.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODERNISASI TERHADAP BAHAN BANGUNAN HUNIAN TRADISIONAL DI DESA ADAT TENGANAN, KABUPATEN KARANGASEM, BALI

Jurnal Anala ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
I Gede Bagus Rae Indra
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village

Tenganan Traditional Village is a Bali Aga Village located in Karangasem Regency. As a cultural village tourism object, Tenganan Traditional Village is unique in the form of a spatial arrangement pattern with unique traditional building architecture, traditions and cultural activities of the community, as well as villagers' handicrafts such as woven or bamboo, carvings, and paintings on palm leaves as well as gringsing woven fabric. In line with the times and the rapid development lately there have been concerns about the continuation of development in the Tenganan Traditional Village, resulting in many changes to the residential buildings, especially in building materials. The condition of the Traditional Village which has started to leave materials for traditional buildings and switch to modern building materials. These changes caused the loss of the traditional values of the Tenganan people which became the core of the local community architecture. So it needs special attention and efforts in preserving the architectural values of traditional Tenganan houses. So that the existence of traditional houses and the uniqueness of the village can be maintained and still show the traditional values of the traditional houses of Tenganan Village, with new buildings that will be occupied by the community. Some things that have experienced the influence of modernization are in terms of roof, wall and bataran building materials. This requires joint efforts by the government and local communities to preserve the development of traditional houses related to traditional traditions in the Tenganan Traditional Village so that the construction of traditional houses is sustainable.

The Medieval Population of Mountainous Ingushetia According to Odontological Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Lejbova ◽  
Umalat B. Gadiev
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
Medieval Population

Although population of the Caucasus has been studied in a rather detailed way, there are peoples whose anthropological portrait is still incomplete. Among them are the Ingush, one of the oldest autochthonous peoples of the Caucasus. This work presents new material on the dental anthropology of medieval Ingush, collected in 2017 during expeditions to the Jairakh and Sunzhen districts of the Republic of Ingushetia. In the Jairakh district, the investigations were carried out in the crypt complexes of the 15th–18th centuries – Targim, Agikal, Tsori, Salgi, and in Sunzhen region - in crypts near the village of Muzgan. The craniological series of medieval Ingush studied according to the dental anthropology program can be described as belonging to the western range of odontological complexes. Unlike most modern Caucasian groups, it does not belong to gracile forms, but rather to a maturized odontological variant, which has deep roots in the Caucasus. The results once again demonstrate a certain conservatism and stability of the dental system, which preserves morphological traits of ancestral groups longer than other anthropological systems.

Klasifikasi pada Tempat Tinggal Menurut Provinsi dan Jenis Kepemilikan Berdasarkan Algoritma K-Means

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Dwi Swasono Rachmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Household Processing ◽  
Central Statistics

<p><em>H</em><em>ousing is derived from the word house</em><em> which means</em><em> a place that has a place to live which will stay or stop in a certain time. Housing is a residence that has been grouped into a place that has facilities and infrastructure. The problem in this study focuses on the type of residential ownership in the form of SHM ART, SHM Non ART, NON SHM and others. </em><em>T</em><em>hese four types</em><em> can be used</em><em> to know the percentage of ownership in all provinces in Indonesia. Due to the fact that there is still a lot of information about the type of certificate ownership, there is still not much ownership. Therefore, the use of the k-Means algorithm as a data mining concept in the form of clusters, where the data already has parameters or values that fall into the category of unsupervised learning. That data produced the best. The data was obtained from published sources of the Republic of Indonesia government agency, namely the Central Statistics Agency data with the category of household processing with self-owned residential buildings purchased from developers or non-developers by province and type of ownership in 2016 throughout Indonesia. In conducting the dataset, researchers used the RapidMiner application as a clustering process application. This research </em><em>shows that</em><em> there are more types of ownership in the SHM ART, but for other values it is still smaller than the value in other types of ownership which is the second largest value. So</em><em>,</em><em> in this case, the role of government in providing assistance in the process of ownership in order to become SHM ART</em><em> is very important</em><em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals Testing a Gypsum Composite Based on Raw Gypsum with a Direct Admixture of Paraffin and Polymer to Improve Thermal Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3241
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Powała ◽  
Andrzej Obraniak ◽  
Dariusz Heim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Polymer Content ◽  
Volumetric Heat Capacity

The implemented new legal regulations regarding thermal comfort, the energy performance of residential buildings, and proecological requirements require the design of new building materials, the use of which will improve the thermal efficiency of newly built and renovated buildings. Therefore, many companies producing building materials strive to improve the properties of their products by reducing the weight of the materials, increasing their mechanical properties, and improving their insulating properties. Currently, there are solutions in phase-change materials (PCM) production technology, such as microencapsulation, but its application on a large scale is extremely costly. This paper presents a solution to the abovementioned problem through the creation and testing of a composite, i.e., a new mixture of gypsum, paraffin, and polymer, which can be used in the production of plasterboard. The presented solution uses a material (PCM) which improves the thermal properties of the composite by taking advantage of the phase-change phenomenon. The study analyzes the influence of polymer content in the total mass of a composite in relation to its thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and diffusivity. Based on the results contained in this article, the best solution appears to be a mixture with 0.1% polymer content. It is definitely visible in the tests which use drying, hardening time, and paraffin absorption. It differs slightly from the best result in the thermal conductivity test, while it is comparable in terms of volumetric heat capacity and differs slightly from the best result in the thermal diffusivity test.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings in Dubai, UAE

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Chuloh Jung ◽  
Jihad Awad
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Residential Projects

Due to unprecedented urbanization, UAE had built many new residential projects with poor choices of material and ventilation. This social phenomenon is leading UAE to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) faster than any other countries. The Dubai Municipality regulates the indoor air quality with strict stipulation, but the detailed regulations are still insufficient. The objective of this paper is to measure the indoor air quality of new residential projects in Dubai to suggest the improvement of the regulations for indoor air quality. As a methodology, a field survey was conducted to investigate the status of indoor air pollution in residential buildings. Based on the field survey data, lab experiments for building materials were conducted and a computer simulation on radon gas was conducted. The result had shown that radon gas was mainly detected in new townhouses and labor camp houses, and its concentration was found to exceed the standard. Volatile organic solvents (VOCs) and formaldehyde (CH2O) were mainly detected in showhouses and new townhouses, and the concentration distribution was about 10 times higher than that of outdoors. It was proven that emission concentration of radon gas from various building materials were detected, and the order was red clay, gypsum board, and concrete. Volatile organic solvents (VOCs) are mainly detected in oil paints and PVC floor and the radiation amount of all pollutants increased with temperature increase. In computer simulation, it was found that a new townhouse needs a grace period from 20 days to 6 months to lower the radon gas concentration by 2 pCi/L. This study will serve as a basic data to establish more detailed regulation for the building materials and improve the IAQ standards in Dubai.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Thermal Mass of the Building Envelope on Summer Overheating of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kuczyński ◽  
Anna Staszczuk ◽  
Piotr Ziembicki ◽  
Anna Paluszak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Night Ventilation

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of increasing the thermal capacity of a residential building by using traditional building materials to reduce the risk of its excessive overheating during intense heat waves in a temperate climate. An additional objective is to show that the use of this single passive measure significantly reduces the risk of overheating in daytime rooms, but also, though to a much lesser extent, in bedrooms. Increasing the thermal mass of the room from light to a medium heavy reduced the average maximum daily temperature by 2.2K during the first heat wave and by 2.6K during the other two heat waves. The use of very heavy construction further reduced the average maximum temperature for the heat waves analyzed by 1.4K, 1.2K and 1.7K, respectively, giving a total possible reduction in maximum daily temperatures in the range of 3.6 °C, 3.8 °C and 4.3 °C. A discussion of the influence of occupant behavior on the use of night ventilation and external blinds was carried out, finding a significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of both methods. The results of the study suggest that in temperate European countries, preserving residential construction methods with heavy envelopes and partitions could significantly reduce the risk of overheating in residential buildings over the next few decades, without the need for night ventilation or external blinds, whose effectiveness is highly dependent on individual occupant behavior.

The Buryat Village of Tory in the 1990s: Social and Cultural Re-adaptation in a Small Village Community

Inner Asia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Panarin
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Household Economies ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis paper considers whether Tory in Buryatia can survive as a community. It is argued that Tory came to be a unified community under the Soviet regime from the 1930s onwards. As Soviet institutions strengthened, the earlier Buryat society lost its integrity and came to consists of familial groups isolated from and opposed to public life, yet economically dependent on the collective farm. With the 1990s outside support was withdrawn from the collective farm. There is a real possibility that if it collapses altogether, the household economies will collapse with it. It is argued that a large proportion of people in the village have become psychologically accustomed to dependency on the state and may be incapable of self-reliance. Meanwhile, the young generation is oriented to urban and outside culture and may drop out of any process of village adaptation to the new economic conditions.

Development of a numerical approach to assess the effect of coupled heat and moisture transfer on energy consumption of residential buildings in Moroccan context

2021 ◽  
pp. 174425912110560
Author(s):  
Yassine Chbani Idrissi ◽  
Rafik Belarbi ◽  
Mohammed Yacine Ferroukhi ◽  
M’barek Feddaoui ◽  
Driss Agliz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heat And Moisture Transfer ◽  
Coupled Heat And Moisture ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Hygrothermal properties of building materials, climatic conditions and energy performance are interrelated and have to be considered simultaneously as part of an optimised building design. In this paper, a new approach to evaluate the energy consumption of residential buildings in Morocco is presented. This approach is based on the effect of coupled heat and moisture transfer in typical residential buildings and on their responses to the varied climatic conditions encountered in the country. This approach allows us to evaluate with better accuracy the response of building energy performance and the indoor comfort of building occupants. Annual energy consumption, cooling and heating energy requirements were estimated considering the six climatic zones of Morocco. Based on the results, terms related to coupled heat and moisture transfer can effectively correct the existing energy consumption calculations of the six zones of Morocco, which currently do not consider energy consumption due to coupled heat and moisture transfer.

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