scholarly journals Spatial ecology study reveals nest attendance and habitat preference of banded kraits (Bungarus fasciatus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Tyler Knierim
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Agricultural Habitat ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

An understanding of the spatial ecology of species living in and around human-dominated habitats is needed to develop conflict mitigation strategies and predict how organisms cope with ongoing anthropogenic habitat alteration. Here we present the results of a six-month telemetry study in Thailand of the banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus), a venomous elapid snake. We quantified home range size and habitat use of three adult kraits (1 male, 2 females) in an agricultural habitat. The kraits travelled an average of 47.20 m ± 23.54 m between shelter sites and occupied home ranges of on average 21.45 ha ± 19.56 ha (95 % dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models). They preferred to seek day time refuge amongst less disturbed habitat features, including waterways and rice paddy dykes, while avoiding routinely disturbed monoculture fields. The two female kraits also exhibited reduced movement while simultaneously attending their nests in a shared burrow complex. Fifteen neonates were observed emerging from the nest site. We recommend further investigation of banded krait reproductive ecology and ability to persist in heavily disturbed habitats.

Influence of habitat on home-range size in the short-beaked echidna

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sprent ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Solitary Species

The size of an animal’s home range is strongly influenced by the resources available within it. In productive, resource-rich habitats sufficient resources are obtainable within a smaller area, and for many species, home ranges are smaller in resource-rich habitats than in habitats with lower resource abundance. Location data on 14 male and 27 female echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) fitted with tracking transmitters, in the southern midlands of Tasmania, were used to test the influence of habitat type on home-range size. We hypothesised that as woodland should offer more shelter, food resources and refuges than pasture, echidnas living in woodland would have smaller home ranges than those living in pasture areas. We found significant differences between the sexes. Male echidnas had a significantly larger mean home range than females and a quite different relationship between home-range size and habitat type from females. There was no relationship between the proportion of woodland within male home ranges and home-range size whereas female echidnas had a highly significant negative relationship. This suggests that home-range size of female echidnas is highly influenced by the amount of woodland within it, but the home-range size of male echidnas is controlled by factors other than habitat. This pattern is consistent with the spatial ecology of many other solitary species with a promiscuous mating system. The home ranges of females are scaled to encompass all necessary resources for successfully raising their young within a minimal area, whilst the large home ranges of males are scaled to maximise access to females.

scholarly journals Spatial ecology of slatey-grey snakes (Stegonotus cucullatus, Colubridae) on a tropical Australian floodplain

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Brown ◽  
Richard Shine ◽  
Thomas Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Soil Cracks

The extent, sequence, synchrony and correlates of diel displacements by animals can provide powerful insights into the ecological and social factors that shape an organism's day-to-day activities, but detailed data on spatial ecology are available for very few tropical taxa. Radiotelemetric monitoring of 25 slatey-grey snakes (Stegonotus cucullatus) on a floodplain in the Australian wet-dry tropics for periods of 40 to 355 d (mean=195 d, 136 locations per snake) provided extensive information on habitat use, movement patterns and home range size of these large slender-bodied colubrids. All radio-tracked animals were nocturnal, sheltering by day in soil cracks and beneath tree roots and debris. Snakes did not appear to move between 61% of successive locations and timing of movements was not synchronized among snakes. Most displacements were small (<50m), with males moving further and more often than did females. However, nesting females made occasional long-distance movements, travelling 100–400m to forested areas to oviposit but then returning to their usual home ranges. Snakes of both sexes moved further and more often during the wet-season than the dry-season. Snakes typically moved on a few successive nights then remained sedentary for the next few days, apparently reflecting cessation of activity as soon as a meal was obtained. Home ranges were small (2.9–7.4 ha) and most snakes remained in the same area throughout the year, providing a strong contrast in this respect to the large and seasonally dynamic home ranges of sympatric acrochordid and pythonid snakes.

scholarly journals SPATIAL ECOLOGY AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF MONTEZUMA QUAIL IN THE DAVIS MOUNTAINS OF TEXAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Greene ◽  
Louis A. Harveson ◽  
Joshua G. Cross ◽  
Ryan S. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Davis Mountains ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Montezuma Quail

Abstract Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) occur throughout the desert mountain ranges in the Trans-Pecos of Texas as well as Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico. Limited information on life history and ecology of the species is available due to the cryptic nature of the bird. Home range, movements, and preferred habitats have been speculated upon in previous literature with the use of observational or anecdotal data. We used innovative trapping techniques and technologically advanced radio transmitters to assess these ecological parameters for Montezuma quail. The goal of this study was to monitor Montezuma quail to determine home range size, movements, and habitat preference for the Davis Mountains population. We captured a total of 72 birds over the course of two years (2009 – 2010) (36M, 35F, 1 Undetermined). Thirteen individuals with &gt;25 locations/bird were used to estimate the home range, movement, and habitat selection analyses. Home ranges (95% kernel density estimators) averaged 12.83 ha and varied greatly (0.02 – 43.29 ha). Maximum straight-line distances between known locations within home ranges varied from 0.73 – 14.83 km. Distances of movements were greater than previously reported. Preferred habitats consisted of Canyon Mountain Savannah and Foothill Slope Mountain Savannah across three spatial scales. Although our study was able to address some basic ecological attributes of Montezuma quail, additional research is warranted to better understand their population dynamics.

Zamenis scalaris prefers abandoned citrus orchards in Eastern Spain. Ecological insights from a radio-tracking survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martinez-Freiria ◽  
Marcial Lorenzo ◽  
Miguel Lizana
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Active Forager ◽  
One Year

Abstract Zamenis scalaris is a generalist active forager Mediterranean snake for which knowledge on spatial ecology is very limited. We report insights into the spatial and temporal patterns, and habitat use of four snakes, obtained through one-year radio-tracking monitoring in a citrus orchard landscape, in Eastern Iberia. Snakes showed a highly secretive behaviour, remaining hidden most of the annual cycle (>96% of records). Annual home ranges and movements were reduced in contrast to the expected energetic requirements of the species. Despite a similar pattern of non-activity during winter and a subsequent increase of movement rate and home range size in spring, each snake adopted a distinct spatial behaviour in summer and autumn. Abandoned citrus orchards and accessory constructions were the most frequent habitats selected by snakes, offering abundant prey and shelter. These resources are likely playing a crucial role in the spatial ecology of Z. scalaris.

Space use and territoriality in swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in northeastern Colorado

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amariah A. Lebsock ◽  
Christopher L. Burdett ◽  
Safi K. Darden ◽  
Torben Dabelsteen ◽  
Michael F. Antolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Overlap ◽  
Vulpes Velox ◽  
Shortgrass Prairie ◽  
Core Areas

Space use is a fundamental characteristic that informs our knowledge of social relationships and the degree to which individuals are territorial. Until recently, relatively little was known about the spatial ecology and social organization of swift foxes ( Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)). We investigated space use of swift foxes on shortgrass prairie in northeastern Colorado. Our first objective was to evaluate sizes of seasonal and annual home ranges and core areas of 13 radio-collared swift foxes monitored continuously for 2 years. Our second objective was to compare home-range and core-area overlap of breeding pairs to that of neighboring foxes, including male–male, female–female, and nonbreeding female–male dyads. Home-range size in our study population was among the smallest previously reported for swift foxes. Males tended to have slightly larger home ranges and core areas than females, and home-range size was significantly larger in the breeding season than in both the pup-rearing and the dispersal seasons; sizes of core areas did not differ seasonally. Spatial overlap between breeding pairs was substantial, whereas spatial overlap between neighbors, particularly males, was low, suggesting territoriality.

scholarly journals Spatial ecology of Paraguay’s last remaining Atlantic forest jaguars (Panthera onca): implications for their long-term survival

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy T McBride ◽  
Jeffrey J Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Landscape Matrix ◽  
Term Survival

AbstractUsing GPS telemetry we quantified space use and movements of jaguar (Panthera onca) in remnant populations in the Paraguayan Atlantic forest within a comparative context with populations in the Argentine and Brazilian Atlantic forest. Mean estimated home range size was 160 km2; estimated to be nearly equal to jaguars in the Morro do Diabo State Park in Brazil but jaguars in other populations in Argentina and Brazil had a 73% (Iguazú/Iguaçu national park complex) and 96% (Ivinhema State Park) probability of having larger home ranges. We found no relationship between home range size or movements and human population or the Human Footprint Index, while 75% of locations from all individuals were in protected areas. Our data and analysis highlight the dependence of Atlantic forest jaguars on protected areas, an avoidance of the landscape matrix and an extreme isolation of the remaining Paraguayan Atlantic forest jaguars.

scholarly journals OCELOT Leopardus pardalis (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) SPATIAL ECOLOGY IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE OF COLOMBIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Cristian Cruz-Rodríguez ◽  
José F. González-Maya ◽  
Abelardo Rodríguez-Bolaños ◽  
Amancay A. Cepeda-Mercado ◽  
Diego Zárrate-Charry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

ABSTRACTOcelots Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) are one of the most common felids in the Neotropics and in the absence of large carnivores, can function as apex predators. Despite occupying numerous habitats across its range, including human-dominated landscapes, there is limited information on how ocelots use fragmented landscapes. We radio-tracked a female ocelot in a fragmented landscape of the Caribbean region of Colombia from November 2010 to January 2011 to estimate home range and habitat use. We obtained 100 locations overall; home range size was 9.64 km2 using the 95% fixed kernel density estimate. Rivers and roads were the main variables related with the locations and the ocelot selected for natural forests but also used disturbed habitats. Home range size and habitat use was similar to previous studies, but we observed greater use of disturbed habitats. As ocelots become the top predators in many fragmented landscapes of the Neotropics, it is important to understand how they use landscapes and could serve as surrogates for conservation.Keywords: Home range, habitat use, Sucre, radio-telemetry, Colombia.RESUMENEl ocelote Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) es uno de los felinos más comunes en el Neotrópico y en ausencia de los grandes carnívoros, pueden funcionar como depredadores tope. A pesar de ocupar numerosos hábitats a través de su distribución, incluyendo paisajes dominados por el hombre, hay información limitada sobre cómo los ocelotes utilizan paisajes fragmentados. Realizamos radio-seguimiento de un ocelote hembra en un paisaje fragmentado de la región Caribe de Colombia entre noviembre de 2010 y enero de 2011 para estimar el ámbito hogareño y uso de hábitat. Se obtuvieron 100 ubicaciones en total; el ámbito de hogar fue de 9.64 km2 utilizando la estimación de la densidad del núcleo fijo del 95%. Los ríos y las carreteras fueron las principales variables relacionadas con las ubicaciones así como el individuo prefirió los bosques naturales, pero también utilizó hábitats perturbados. El tamaño del ámbito hogareño y uso de hábitat fue similar a estudios previos, pero se observó un mayor uso de los hábitats perturbados. A medida que los ocelotes se convierten en los principales depredadores en muchos paisajes fragmentados del Neotrópico, es importante entender cómo usan los paisajes y podrían servir como especies sustitutas en conservación.Palabras clave: ámbito de hogar, uso de hábitat, Sucre, radio-telemetría, Colombia.

Factors affecting the home range of Dinaric-Pindos brown bears

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele De Angelis ◽  
Djuro Huber ◽  
Slaven Reljic ◽  
Paolo Ciucci ◽  
Josip Kusak
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Brownian Bridge ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feeding Sites

Abstract Studying how animals interact with their environment is fundamental to informing conservation and management efforts, especially when examining large, wide-ranging carnivores in human-dominated landscapes. We hypothesized that the home ranges of bears are configured to exploit supplemental food (corn) and avoid people. In 2004–2016, we tracked 10 brown bears from the Dinaric-Pindos population using GPS telemetry, then used Brownian bridge movement models to estimate their home ranges. We related seasonal home range size to circadian period and density of supplemental feeding sites using generalized linear mixed-effect models. We also used ecological-niche factor analysis to study habitat composition within home range core areas in study areas characterized by different levels of human encroachment. We found that home range size was inversely related to density of supplemental feeding sites, and bears had larger home ranges at night (x̅ = 103.3 ± 72.8 km2) than during the day (x̅ = 62.3 ± 16.6 km2). Our results also revealed that bears living in more human-influenced areas concentrated their use far from human settlements and agricultural lands but stayed close to supplemental feeding sites. Our data suggest that bears alter their space-use patterns at the home range level in response to anthropogenic land use and food availability.

Socio-spatial organization and spatial ecology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.L. Mills ◽  
M.E.J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Large Home Range ◽  
Core Areas

Home ranges of males (1204 km2) and females (1510 km2) were similar. Female home range size was positively related to the dispersion of prey and generally, but not exclusively, they displayed home range fidelity. Overlap between female home ranges was extensive, although they rarely met up. Male home ranges overlapped extensively and there was no difference in size between coalition and single males. Males overcame the problem of scent marking a large home range by concentrating scent marks in core areas. Generally female cheetah home range size is affected by resource productivity, although where prey are migratory, or in fenced reserves where movements are constricted, and areas where disturbance is severe, this may be different. Southern Kalahari males apparently need large home ranges to increase the likelihood of locating wide-ranging and sporadically receptive females. Mean dispersal distance for subadult males (96 km) was further than for females (39 km).

scholarly journals Spatial ecology of male hippopotamus in a changing watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan Stears ◽  
Tristan A. Nuñez ◽  
Epaphras A. Muse ◽  
Benezeth M. Mutayoba ◽  
Douglas J. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Hydrological Variability ◽  
Conspecific Aggression

Abstract The obligate dependency of the common hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius, on water makes them particularly vulnerable to hydrological disturbances. Despite the threats facing this at-risk species, there is a lack of information regarding H. amphibius spatial ecology. We used high-resolution tracking data of male H. amphibius to assess home range size, movement mode (e.g. residency and migratory movements), and resource selection patterns. We compared these results across seasons to understand how hydrological variability influences H. amphibius movement. Our study watershed has been severely impacted by anthropogenic water abstraction causing the river to stop flowing for prolonged periods. We observed H. amphibius movements to be highly constrained to the river course with grassy floodplains being their preferred habitat. Dominant and small sub-adult males displayed year-round residency in/near river pools and had smaller home ranges compared to large sub-adults. During the dry season, large sub-adult males made significant (~15 km) upstream movements. The larger home range size of large sub-adults can be attributed to the elevated levels of migratory and exploratory activities to limit conspecific aggression as the river dries. Our observations provide insight into how future changes in water flow may influence male H. amphibius movements and populations through density-dependent effects.

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