scholarly journals COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN BRAZIL: PRIVATIZATION TRENDS AND LIMITS THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-334
Author(s):  
Theresa Adrião ◽  
Teise Garcia ◽  
Juliana Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Right

This research aims to present a result on three educational policies in force in Brazil that link public education at the stage of compulsory schooling to the interests of corporations or sectors linked to them. The first is called Integral Secondary Education and was implemented in one of the poorest regions of the country, the state of Pernambuco; The second identified as Education - Commitment Program São Paulo is being developed in the richest region of Brazil, the state of São Paulo, where the third policy was also disseminated with the adoption of so - called Private Education Systems in public schools. The research, of a qualitative nature, derives from research in primary documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with educational managers. The results confirm the trends identified in the literature, according to which education, when it is a field for business expansion through the performance of private companies directly in the management of public education, accentuates inequalities of access to schooling processes. In the analyzed cases, these inequalities are observed in the unequal access to the time of permanence in the school; In the unequal working conditions of teachers and in the allocation of public funds to profitable companies, to the detriment of investment in public education. Keywords: public primary education, privatization of education, right to education.

scholarly journals Contratos de Impacto Social na rede estadual de São Paulo: Nova modalidade de parceria público-privada no Brasil

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Fernando L. Cássio ◽  
Débora Cristina Goulart ◽  
Salomão Barros Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Pedagogical Issues ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Documentary Sources

This article analyzes the development of a new modality of public-private partnership in Brazilian education, the so-called Social Impact Bond (SIB), known in Brazil as “Contrato de Impacto Social”, whose pilot project, sponsored by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), is in its initial stage of implementation in the State of São Paulo. Unlike traditional philanthropy, which legitimizes itself in the alleged non-profit nature of its actions, SIB assumes the possibility of obtaining return rates with “social investments,” leading to the creation of a new ecosystem of social finances, which, into this context of privatization of education, incorporates agents interested in capitalizing on the provision of public services to vulnerable populations, in this case, to secondary students from public schools in the State of São Paulo. This kind of contract, or bond—paid by means of “delivery” of results—raises a series of ethical, legal, and political-pedagogical issues related to the accomplishment of “social experiments” with students in a vulnerable condition. From the analysis of internal documents of the Department of Education in the State of São Paulo, in comparison with documentary sources from public schools, we conclude that, from the very beginning of its implementation, the SIB of São Paulo education not only breaks with standards of scientific ethics, but also violates the principle of democratic school management included in the Brazilian constitution.

scholarly journals “Del dicho al hecho hay un gran trecho”: Obstáculos para la expansión de la escolaridad media en Uruguay.

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
María Ester Mancebo ◽  
Julia Pérez Zorrilla
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The Right ◽  
Institutional Fragmentation

In 2008, the Uruguayan General Education Law was enacted, stipulating the right to education and extending compulsory education from nine to fourteen years. This article analyzes the obstacles to design and implement educational policies to improve secondary education attainment rates during the governments headed by the Frente Amplio party from 2005 on. Using a qualitative approach, we employed a triangulation method that includes document analysis (laws and institutional reports) and 49 semi-structured interviews conducted between 2011 and 2015; the interviews covered government authorities, legislators, bureaucrats, experts and union leaders. We identified three potential causes of this policy gridlock: the institutional fragmentation of the educational system; the ideological disagreement between educational authorities and party members; and the teacher’s union veto. The educational policy stalemate in secondary education is explained by these multiple factors and their interaction.

scholarly journals Hierarchy, Violence and Bullying Among Students of Public Middle Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (65) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Leon Crochík
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Middle Schools ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Peer Perception

Abstract Hierarchies established in schools can lead to violence among students, particularly bullying, and this relationship is investigated in this study. A School Hierarchies Scale and a Peer Perception of Aggression Scale were applied to 274 9th grade students, both sexes, aged 14.08 years (SD = 0.81) old on average, attending four public schools in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The students more frequently perceived to be popular, were among the best in physical education and/or among the worst in academic subjects were also more frequently perceived to be bullies, while those more frequently perceived to be unpopular and having the worst performance in physical education were also more frequently perceived to be victims. Therefore, teachers should reflect upon the issue and fight school violence that may arise from these hierarchies.

scholarly journals Interaction between pharmaceutical companies and physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs for treating AIDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cesar Scheffer
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Given that Brazil has a universal public policy for supplying medications to treat HIV and AIDS, the aim here was to describe the forms of relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical companies that produce antiretrovirals (ARVs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in the state of São Paulo. METHODS : Secondary database linkage was used, with structured interviews conducted by telephone among a sample group of 300 physicians representing 2,361 professionals who care for patients with HIV and AIDS. RESULTS : Around two thirds (64%) of the physicians prescribing ARVs for HIV and AIDS treatment in the state of São Paulo who were interviewed declared that they had some form of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, of which the most frequent were receipt of publications (54%), visits by sales promoters (51%) and receipt of small-value objects (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Two forms of relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians who deal with HIV and AIDS can be highlighted: facilitation of professionals' access to continuing education; and antiretroviral drug brand name promotion.

scholarly journals O BULLYING NA SALA DE AULA: ANÁLISE DO CONHECIMENTO DE PROFESSORES DA REDE ESTADUAL PAULISTA SOBRE A LGBTFOBIA ESCOLAR

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-238
Author(s):  
Gabriel Batista Mota
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Public Education System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Teaching Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
State Schools ◽  
Quantitative Nature

This work promotes an initial analysis, about the teaching knowledge about LGBTphobia present within the public education system, carried out based on the data acquired through anonline survey conducted in the second half of 2019 with teachers from the state schools of the São Paulo and which aimed to investigate the level of knowledge of these professionals about LGBTphobic bullying in the educational sphere of São Paulo. The methodological resources used in the data collection were of a quantitative nature and the phase of preparation of this article made use of the qualitative and bibliographic. As a result, it was concluded that LGBTs are the main target group of discriminationin public schools of the state of São Paulo, in addition to the little knowledge and skill of teachers on issues involving sexualitiesand prejudice in contemporary's Brazil.

Students' performance in the public education in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Cláudia Souza Passador ◽  
Joao Luiz Passador ◽  
Julio Araujo Carneiro da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals A quem pertencem nossas escolas?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Rogério Cunha de Castro ◽  
Lia Ciomar Macedo de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
International Association ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Educational Issues ◽  
History Of

O fechamento arbitrário de escolas pela Rede Estadual de Educação de São Paulo, exatamente no momento em que celebramos o sesquicentenário do Congresso de Genebra (1866), momento em que os internacionalistas congregados em torno da Associação Internacional dos Trabalhadores elegeram a educação como uma das suas principais bandeiras, reconduz as questões educacionais ao centro das discussões, consagrando-as como uma das nossas mais pungentes demandas. Nesse sentido, observamos que, no campo da história da educação, revisar experiências pedagógicas do passado nos auxilia a encontrar pistas e indícios de permanências que podem ancorar nossas lutas pela educação pública deste século XXI.To whom do our schools belong? The arbitrary closure of public schools in São Paulo, at exactly the time when we celebrate the 160th Geneva Congress (1866), a time when the internationalists gathered around the Workers' International Association elected education as one of its main flags, reappoints educational issues to the center of discussions, consecrating them as one of our urgent demands. In this sense, the field of History of Education, is important to review educational experiences of our past because they helps us to find evidences and clues of continuities that can anchoring our struggles for public education in this XXI century. Keywords: International Workers Association; Modern Schools; Ocupated Schools; São Paulo.

scholarly journals As cláusulas pétreas: a possibilidade de revisão constitucional de vinculações de receitas na área da educação

KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Urquhart Cademartori ◽  
Noel Antônio Baratieri
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Constitutional Evolution ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

As cláusulas pétreas: a possibilidade de revisão constitucional de vinculações de receitas na área da educação Resumo: O artigo aborda os limites e as possibilidades de alteração de normas constitucionais que garantem vinculação orçamentária para funções típicas do Estado tais como a Educação Pública. O problema é saber se uma emenda constitucional supressiva da referida garantia orçamentária seria constitucional ou não. A hipótese que se suscita neste estudo procura delinear em que medida seria inconstitucional tal adoção, posto que estaria restringindo, indiretamente, um direito fundamental, no caso o direito à educação, mas, ao mesmo tempo, esta simples constatação encontraria entraves sob a ótica de uma democracia intergeracional. Considera-se, de uma parte, o direito à educação é protegido, originariamente, no âmbito constitucional brasileiro como cláusula pétrea, mas, de outra, gerações futuras ou problemas conjunturais governamentais posteriores à 1988 podem questionar a legitimidade de normas fundamentais originadas em contexto sociopolítico anterior. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, primeiramente analisam-se as cláusulas pétreas e os limites ao poder reformador. A seguir, estudam-se as referidas cláusulas e a sua evolução constitucional. Posteriormente, faz-se uma análise da constitucionalidade de eventual emenda que suprima a vinculação obrigatória de receitas para a educação sob o prisma da proibição de retrocesso. Palavras chave: Cláusulas pétreas. Constituição. Educação. Retrocesso. Receitas públicas. Safeguard clauses: the possibility of constitutional reviewing the bonded educational income Abstract: The article deals with the limits and possibilities of altering constitutional norms that guarantee budgetary linkage to functions typical of the State as a Public Education. The problem is whether a constitutional amendment suppressing the standard budget guarantee would be constitutional or not. The hypothesis that arises in this study looks for what is necessary, is not a fundamental right, is not a case, but the same, this is a finding found obstacles from the point of view of an intergenerational democracy. It is considered, on the one hand, that the right to education is protected, originally, it is not very Brazilian constitutional as a stony clause, but, on the other hand, future generations or post-1988 governmental conjunctural problems may question the legitimacy of fundamental norms originated in context previous sociopolitical. For the development of this work, firstly they are analyzed like stone clauses and the limits to the reformer power. Next, they are studied as clauses of clauses and their constitutional evolution. Subsequently, an analysis is made of the constitutionality of any amendment that abolishes the mandatory binding of transfer to the critic of a prison of prohibition of retrocession. Keywords: Constitution. Education. Public income. Regression. Safeguard clauses.

scholarly journals Estimating the effects of reopening of schools on the course of the epidemic of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Massad ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Luis Fernandes Lopez ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
School Staff ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Abstract In this paper, we present a method to estimate the risk of reopening of schools illustrated with the case of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The model showed that, although no death of children would result from the reopening of the schools in the three cities analysed, the risk of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases and secondary cases among teachers, school staff and relatives of the children is not negligible. Although the epidemic hit different regions with different intensities, our model shows that, for regions where the incidence profile is similar to the cities analysed, the risk of reopening of schools is still too high. This in spite of the fact that incidences in these cities were declining in the period of the time considered. Therefore, although we cannot extend the result to the entire country, the overall conclusion is valid for regions with a declining incidence and it is even more valid for regions where incidence is increasing. We assumed a very conservative level of infection transmissibility of children of just 10% as that of adults. In spite of the very low level of transmissibility is assumed, the number of secondary cases caused by infected children among teachers, school staff and relatives varied from 2 to 85. It is, therefore, too soon to have any degree of confidence that reopening of schools before the advent of a vaccine is the right decision to take. The purpose of our model and simulations is to provide a method to estimate the risk of school reopening, although we are sure it could be applied as a guide to public health strategies.

scholarly journals THE POWER OF STATE, THE RIGHT OF PARENTS, THE RIGHT OF THE CHILD – THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION AS THE RIGHT TO POSSESS CONTROL

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Magdalena Butrymowicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Nature

Why does the state have power in the area of education over parents’ wishes? The first reason has already been explained above: these are financial and economic aspects. The second reason is of historical nature. The state has controlled education in general historically. When in the 19th century the idea of public schools was created, the state sponsored such schools. Private schools were in a good condition, since they had their own sponsors or proceeds from pupils’ tuitions. When they lost their self-sustainability, they had to request the state for some support. And, as mentioned above, the state had its interest in controlling the educational system, because it wanted to influence the upbringing process of its citizens and create an ideology, which would help to achieve the government’s goal.

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