scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL CYBERNETICS OR DIDACTICS APPROACH TO "ECONOMY" OF HUMAN THINKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Martin Bílek ◽  
Pavel Cyrus ◽  
Ivana Šimonová
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Chemistry Teaching ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Operational Memory

The paper describes starting point of so called ”Educational Informatics“ as one of the Educational Cybernetics approaches, and example of research results of theory called as „human thinking economy“ application in the field of science and technical education is provided. Educational informatics is based on so-called educational theory of signs (educational semiotics) developed by M. Lansky which provides great support to the process setting the basis of branch didactics in learner’s cognitive capacity. This approach contents the psycho-structural model of processing information explaining the route of information which is to be processed. It starts with registering it by sense organs (sensory perception), followed by aware perception (apperception) and operating it, i.e. the entire processing the information including storing it in the memory. Within this process various functions are activated, both when the memory stores (associates) the information and effectors (performing organs) are activated. This psycho-structural model synthesizes both behavioural approach (stimulus - "black box" - reaction) and the humanistic psychology approach based on the introspective analysis. A similar model was provided for the chemistry didactics by Johnstone, too. This psycho-structural model also distinguishes certain cornerstones (i.e. model of operations) of human perception and learning, i.e. stimuli – perception filter – working space within the memory (operational memory) – long-term memory which influences the accommodator (adaptor, i.e. the apparatus for directing attention or reduction the apperception). It differs from cybernetic pedagogy as it does not apply the “hard“ quantitative approach to expressing the content of single parts of the psycho-structural model (in bits) but divides the learning content into several mastered parts (operations) called “pieces“ which the learner must run in the operational memory. This method is called “chunking“, i.e. composing, stratifying, layering information in the memory) and was applying in our research their selected results are presented in the second part of the paper. The research project results were based on analyse of teacher’s predictive evaluation of items in didactic test. Results of a comparative study of reception of pictures in the test items by so called experts (having a certain level of knowledge of the presented subject matter, i.e. teachers) and so called non-specialists (who have minimum knowledge in the area learned, i.e. learners) are added. In concerned research were analyzed the prognosis of chemistry teaching students (experts) in learners succeeding in the didactic test items with or without picture parts. Results show that future teachers overestimate the role of picture materials on positive responses of learners in didactics test. Key words: educational informatics, cybernetic approach in branch didactics, science and technical education, teacher’s predictive task evaluation.

Ontology and Perception

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Galko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ontological Question ◽  
The One ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
The Relationship

The ontological question of what there is, from the perspective of common sense, is intricately bound to what can be perceived. The above observation, when combined with the fact that nouns within language can be divided between nouns that admit counting, such as ‘pen’ or ‘human’, and those that do not, such as ‘water’ or ‘gold’, provides the starting point for the following investigation into the foundations of our linguistic and conceptual phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to claim that such phenomena are facilitated by, on the one hand, an intricate cognitive capacity, and on the other by the complex environment within which we live. We are, in a sense, cognitively equipped to perceive discrete instances of matter such as bodies of water. This equipment is related to, but also differs from, that devoted to the perception of objects such as this computer. Behind this difference in cognitive equipment underlies a rich ontology, the beginnings of which lies in the distinction between matter and objects. The following paper is an attempt to make explicit the relationship between matter and objects and also provide a window to our cognition of such entities.

scholarly journals How does the robot feel? Perception of valence and arousal in emotional body language

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Marmpena ◽  
Angelica Lim ◽  
Torbjørn S. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Human Perception ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract Human-robot interaction in social robotics applications could be greatly enhanced by robotic behaviors that incorporate emotional body language. Using as our starting point a set of pre-designed, emotion conveying animations that have been created by professional animators for the Pepper robot, we seek to explore how humans perceive their affect content, and to increase their usability by annotating them with reliable labels of valence and arousal, in a continuous interval space. We conducted an experiment with 20 participants who were presented with the animations and rated them in the two-dimensional affect space. An inter-rater reliability analysis was applied to support the aggregation of the ratings for deriving the final labels. The set of emotional body language animations with the labels of valence and arousal is available and can potentially be useful to other researchers as a ground truth for behavioral experiments on robotic expression of emotion, or for the automatic selection of robotic emotional behaviors with respect to valence and arousal. To further utilize the data we collected, we analyzed it with an exploratory approach and we present some interesting trends with regard to the human perception of Pepper’s emotional body language, that might be worth further investigation.

scholarly journals The role of the genome in experience-dependent plasticity: Extending the analogy of the genomic action potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23252-23260 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Clayton ◽  
Ina Anreiter ◽  
Maria Aristizabal ◽  
Paul W. Frankland ◽  
Elisabeth B. Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Dependent Modification ◽  
Past Experiences

Our past experiences shape our current and future behavior. These experiences must leave some enduring imprint on our brains, altering neural circuits that mediate behavior and contributing to our individual differences. As a framework for understanding how experiences might produce lasting changes in neural circuits, Clayton [D. F. Clayton,Neurobiol. Learn. Mem.74, 185–216 (2000)] introduced the concept of the genomic action potential (gAP)—a structured genomic response in the brain to acute experience. Similar to the familiar electrophysiological action potential (eAP), the gAP also provides a means for integrating afferent patterns of activity but on a slower timescale and with longer-lasting effects. We revisit this concept in light of contemporary work on experience-dependent modification of neural circuits. We review the “Immediate Early Gene” (IEG) response, the starting point for understanding the gAP. We discuss evidence for its involvement in the encoding of experience to long-term memory across time and biological levels of organization ranging from individual cells to cell ensembles and whole organisms. We explore distinctions between memory encoding and homeostatic functions and consider the potential for perpetuation of the imprint of experience through epigenetic mechanisms. We describe a specific example of a gAP in humans linked to individual differences in the response to stress. Finally, we identify key objectives and new tools for continuing research in this area.

A structural model of a Ras-Raf signalosome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh P. Mysore ◽  
Zhi-Wei Zhou ◽  
Chiara Ambrogio ◽  
Lianbo Li ◽  
Jonas N. Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Ras Proteins ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Composite Interfaces

AbstractThe protein K-Ras functions as a molecular switch in signaling pathways regulating cell growth. In the MAPK pathway, which is implicated in many cancers, multiple K-Ras proteins are thought to assemble at the cell membrane with Ras-effector proteins from the Raf family. Here we propose an atomistic structural model for such an assembly. Our starting point was an asymmetric, GTP-mediated K-Ras dimer model, which we generated using unbiased molecular dynamics simulations and verified with mutagenesis experiments. Adding further K-Ras monomers in a head-to-tail fashion led to a compact helical assembly, a model we validated using electron microscopy and cell-based experiments. This assembly stabilizes K-Ras in its active state and presents composite interfaces to facilitate Raf binding. Guided by existing experimental data, we then positioned C-Raf, the downstream kinase MEK1, and accessory proteins (Galectin-3 and 14-3-3σ) on the helical assembly. The resulting Ras-Raf signalosome model offers an explanation for a large body of data on MAPK signaling.

scholarly journals Doubtfulness – A Dialogical Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puchalska-Wasyl ◽  
Piotr Oleś
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Internal Dialogue ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inner Dialogue ◽  
Human Thinking

Abstract The current globalizing world stimulates many doubts. Doubtfulness is a starting point for inner dialogue. Internal dialogical activity often reduces the experience of uncertainty by integration of contrasting ideas. Sometimes, however, the result is quite opposite - doubts grow rather than being reduced. The paper proposes a dialogical model of doubtfulness and presents empirical findings which are consistent with the model. Additionally, the functions of doubtfulness and internal dialogue in philosophy and science are discussed. On one hand, as empirical results show, doubtfulness can be linked to anxiety which blocks human thinking and acting. On the other hand, as exemplified by Galileo, doubt demands a deeper analysis of the situation and is conducive to human development, in personal or even in socio-cultural space.

scholarly journals Measuring individuals’ concerns over collective privacy on social networking sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Jia ◽  
Heng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Starting Point

With the rise of social networking sites (SNSs), individuals not only disclose personal information but also share private information concerning others online. While shared information is co-constructed by self and others, personal and collective privacy boundaries become blurred. Thus there is an increasing concern over information privacy beyond the individual perspective. However, limited research has empirically examined if individuals are concerned about privacy loss not only of their own but their social ties’; nor is there an established instrument for measuring the collective aspect of individuals’ privacy concerns. In order to address this gap in existing literature, we propose a conceptual framework of individuals’ collective privacy concerns in the context of SNSs. Drawing on the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory (Petronio, 2002), we suggest three dimensions of collective privacy concerns, namely, collective information access, control and diffusion. This is followed by the development and empirical validation of a preliminary scale of SNS collective privacy concerns (SNSCPC). Structural model analyses confirm the three-dimensional conceptualization of SNSCPC and reveal antecedents of SNS users’ concerns over violations of the collective privacy boundaries. This paper serves as a starting point for theorizing privacy as a collective notion and for understanding online information disclosure as a result of social interaction and group influence.

scholarly journals AROUSAL SAFETY LEADING TO PURCHASE INTENTION; THE ROLE OF MODERATING AND MEDIATING VARIABLES IN STRUCTURAL MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Irfan Hameed ◽  
Bibi Zainab ◽  
Syed Jazib Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Mediating Variables

The effect of arousal safety has been analyzed on purchase intention, then attitude towards the advertisement and attitude towards the brand have been incorporated as intervening variables between the relationships. The interaction effect of self-monitoring and message arguments have also been taken in to consideration for better understanding of the consumer’s response. The data has been gathered from 206 respondents by using purposive sampling method. The research instrument was comprised of summated rating/additive scale (likert scale) and semantic differential scaling. Confirmatory Factor Analysis has been applied after the application of preliminary tests on the data. Structure Equation Modeling and moderation and mediation analysis have also been applied to test the hypotheses. Arousal safety in the advertisements shape consumers response and it proved to be a fully mediated model. Self-monitoring also probes the relationship. Message arguments haven’t had any affect as moderator, hence can be used as a focal predictor. The study is a starting point for future research to provide a coherent methodology for capturing the necessary data, processing the underlying information and evaluating the effects of arousal safety in advertisements. The study extends the field of advertising in the direction of arousal safety (Humor) effects. In comparison to previous research, empirical evidence on the arousal safety in television advertising and purchase intention in relation with moderating and mediating variables is provided.

scholarly journals Renaisans Eropa dan Transmisi Keilmuan Islam ke Eropa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hasyim Asy'ari
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Secular Humanism ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Art Philosophy ◽  
European Civilization

<p><em>Renaissance are so important and considered historians as the starting point for the development of European civilization. First, European people succeed many achievement in various sector, namely: art, philosophy, literature, science, politics, education, religion, trade and others. Second, Renaissanse has revived the ideals, the realm of thought, the philosophy of life which then structures the standards of the modern world such as optimism, hedonism, naturalism and individualism. Third, the Ancient Greeks and Rome legacies need to revived. Fourth, the incorporation of secular humanism that shifts the human thinking orientation from the theocentric to the anthropocentric. Science had the transmission, dissemination, and proliferation to the Western world that supports the epoch of the Renaissance in Europe. Through the Islamic World, the Western world gained access to deepen and modernized science.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>Renaissance,</em><strong> </strong><em>scientific transmission</em>, <em>Islam in Europe</em>.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Prediction of the binding interface between monoclonal antibody m102.4 and Nipah attachment glycoprotein using structure-guided alanine scanning and computational docking

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanthakarn Tit-oon ◽  
Kannan Tharakaraman ◽  
Charlermchai Artpradit ◽  
Abhinav Godavarthi ◽  
Pareenart Sungkeeree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Affinity Maturation ◽  
Hendra Virus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis ◽  
Alanine Scanning ◽  
Computational Docking ◽  
Binding Interface ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Nipah Virus (NiV) has been designated as a priority disease with an urgent need for therapeutic development by World Health Organization. The monoclonal antibody m102.4 binds to the immunodominant NiV receptor-binding glycoprotein (GP), and potently neutralizes NiV, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent. Although the co-crystal structure of m102.3, an m102.4 derivative, in complex with the GP of the related Hendra Virus (HeV) has been solved, the structural interaction between m102.4 and NiV is uncharacterized. Herein, we used structure-guided alanine-scanning mutagenesis to map the functional epitope and paratope residues that govern the antigen–antibody interaction. Our results revealed that the binding of m102.4 is mediated predominantly by two residues in the HCDR3 region, which is unusually small for an antibody-antigen interaction. We performed computational docking to generate a structural model of m102.4-NiV interaction. Our model indicates that m102.4 targets the common hydrophobic central cavity and a hydrophilic rim on the GP, as observed for the m102.3-HeV co-crystal, albeit with Fv orientation differences. In summary, our study provides insight into the m102.4-NiV interaction, demonstrating that structure-guided alanine-scanning and computational modeling can serve as the starting point for additional antibody reengineering (e.g. affinity maturation) to generate potential therapeutic candidates.

Essential Elements for Effective Safety and Health Education in Postsecondary Construction Career Technical Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Bush ◽  
Charlotte Chang ◽  
Kimberly Rauscher ◽  
Doug Myers
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Career Technical Education ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
College Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Career Technical

Because Career Technical Education (CTE) programs at the community/technical college level are among the few places new construction workers receive training or preparation, they are an important vehicle for educating new and young workers about occupational health and safety (OSH). We developed recommendations for (1) OSH “core competencies” that all postsecondary construction students should achieve and (2) “essential elements” for OSH education in construction training programs. Based on a review of the literature, subject matter expert focus groups, and iterative engagement with an expert advisory group, we identified fourteen core competencies and a list of essential supporting elements at the school, program, and instructor levels. Knowledge and recognition of the importance of effective safety and health management systems served as the foundation for elements and competencies. Findings provide an important starting point for systematically improving the preparation of construction CTE students that can help keep them safe on the job.

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