250. NOX Emissions Monitoring from Combustion Sources in Pennsylvania

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion Sources

A Survey of Nitrogen-Oxides Control Technology and the Development of a Low NOx Emissions Combustor

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Tomany ◽  
R. R. Koppang ◽  
H. L. Burge
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Stationary Combustion ◽  
Combustion Sources

The problem of NOx emissions reduction is gaining increased attention from those concerned with air pollution control activities. HEW proposes to issue criteria for the control of nitrogen oxides within the year. The Los Angeles Air Pollution Control District (LAAPCD) has already published regulations which limit emissions from combustion sources to a fixed rate of 140 lb/hr NOx. This is equivalent to an allowable emission concentration of about 20 ppm for a 500 MW power station. Two of the major contributors to oxides of nitrogen air pollution in the United States are Industrial Processes and Stationary Combustion Sources, both being responsible for over 50 percent of the total NOx emissions. Motor vehicles contribute the remainder for a total of 20 million tons per year. Although some advances have been made in the development of commercial control equipment for Industrial Process emissions, there is very little well-developed technology available for NOx emissions control from Stationary Combustion Sources. Two of the most promising areas being investigated are: • Stoichiometric variations of the air-fuel feed and partial recycling of the combustion products. • Advanced design of combustion equipment. The former system of control, in a test program with 17 commercial boilers, has been responsible for the reduction of NOx emissions from about 350–150 ppm. An advanced design combustor, operated at a heat release level of 105 Btu/hr, has produced NOx emission values of about 150 ppm. When coupled with simulated combustion gas recycle, the emissions were further reduced to 100 ppm. Although both the “stoichiometric” and “combustor” approach to the problem of NOx emissions represent a good beginning, greater efforts must be expended on these and other promising control techniques in preparation for future regulations.

ACTIVE CONTROL OF PERFORMANCE AND NOx EMISSIONS OF STAGED GASEOUS FUEL BURNER

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (ASAT CONFERENCE) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
H. Mahmoud ◽  
Sh. Hammed ◽  
M. Nosier ◽  
A. Wandan ◽  
S. Abd EI-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Fuel Burner

scholarly journals Combustion Optimization for Coal Fired Power Plant Boilers Based on Improved Distributed ELM and Distributed PSO

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinying Xu ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Mifeng Ren ◽  
Lan Cheng ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Coupling Characteristics ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Combustion Optimization

Increasing the combustion efficiency of power plant boilers and reducing pollutant emissions are important for energy conservation and environmental protection. The power plant boiler combustion process is a complex multi-input/multi-output system, with a high degree of nonlinearity and strong coupling characteristics. It is necessary to optimize the boiler combustion model by means of artificial intelligence methods. However, the traditional intelligent algorithms cannot deal effectively with the massive and high dimensional power station data. In this paper, a distributed combustion optimization method for boilers is proposed. The MapReduce programming framework is used to parallelize the proposed algorithm model and improve its ability to deal with big data. An improved distributed extreme learning machine is used to establish the combustion system model aiming at boiler combustion efficiency and NOx emission. The distributed particle swarm optimization algorithm based on MapReduce is used to optimize the input parameters of boiler combustion model, and weighted coefficient method is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem (boiler combustion efficiency and NOx emissions). According to the experimental analysis, the results show that the method can optimize the boiler combustion efficiency and NOx emissions by combining different weight coefficients as needed.

scholarly journals Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE): Emissions of particulate matter from wood and dung cooking fires, garbage and crop residue burning, brick kilns, and other sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thilina Jayarathne ◽  
Chelsea E. Stockwell ◽  
Prakash V. Bhave ◽  
Puppala S. Praveen ◽  
Chathurika M. Rathnayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Ambient Monitoring ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
Testing Experiment ◽  
Combustion Sources

Abstract. The Nepal Ambient Monitoring and Source Testing Experiment (NAMaSTE) characterized widespread and under-sampled combustion sources common to South Asia, including brick kilns, garbage burning, diesel and gasoline generators, diesel groundwater pumps, idling motorcycles, traditional and modern cooking stoves and fires, crop residue burning, and a heating fire. Fuel-based emission factors (EF; with units of pollutant mass emitted per kg of fuel combusted) were determined for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), inorganic ions, trace metals, and organic species. For the forced draught zig-zag brick kiln, EFPM2.5 ranged 1–19 g kg−1 with major contributions from OC (7 %), sulfate expected to be in the form of sulfuric acid (31.9 %), and other chemicals not measured (e.g., particle bound water). For the clamp kiln, EFPM2.5 ranged 8–13 g kg−1, with major contributions from OC (63.2 %), sulfate (20.8 %), and ammonium (14.2 %). Our brick kiln EFPM2.5 values may exceed those previously reported, partly because we sampled emissions at ambient temperature after emission from the stack or kiln allowing some particle-phase OC and sulfate to form from gaseous precursors. The combustion of mixed household garbage under dry conditions had an EFPM2.5 of 7.4 ± 1.2 g kg−1, whereas damp conditions generated the highest EFPM2.5 of all combustion sources in this study, reaching up to 125 ± 23 g kg−1. Garbage burning emissions contained relatively high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs), triphenylbenzene, and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Sb), making these useful markers of this source. A variety of cooking stoves and fires fueled with dung, hardwood, twigs, and/or other biofuels were studied. The use of dung for cooking and heating produced higher EFPM2.5 than other biofuel sources and consistently emitted more PM2.5 and OC than burning hardwood and/or twigs; this trend was consistent across traditional mud stoves, chimney stoves, and 3-stone cooking fires. The comparisons of different cooking stoves and cooking fires revealed the highest PM emissions from 3-stone cooking fires (7.6–73 g kg−1), followed by traditional mud stoves (5.3–19.7 g kg−1), mud stoves with a chimney for exhaust (3.0–6.8 g kg−1), rocket stoves (1.5–7.2 g kg−1), induced-draught stoves (1.2–5.7 g kg−1), and the bhuse chulo stove (3.2 g kg−1), while biogas had no detectable PM emissions. Idling motorcycle emissions were evaluated before and after routine servicing at a local shop, which decreased EFPM2.5 from 8.8 ± 1.3 g kg−1 to 0.71 ± 0.4 g kg−1 when averaged across five motorcycles. Organic species analysis indicated that this reduction in PM2.5 was largely due to a decrease in emission of motor oil, probably from the crankcase. The EF and chemical emissions profiles developed in this study may be used for source apportionment and to update regional emission inventories.

scholarly journals Investigation of Effect on Environmental Performance of Using LNG as Fuel for Engines in Seaport Tugboats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Lukas Norkevičius ◽  
Peilin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
The Baltic

Decarbonization of ship power plants and reduction of harmful emissions has become a priority in the technological development of maritime transport, including ships operating in seaports. Engines fueled by diesel without using secondary emission reduction technologies cannot meet MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The MEPC.203 (62) EEDI directive of the IMO also stipulates a standard for CO2 emissions. This study presents the results of research on ecological parameters when a CAT 3516C diesel engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-liquefied natural gas) powered Wartsila 9L20DF engine on an existing seaport tugboat. CO2, SO2 and NOx emission reductions were estimated using data from the actual engine load cycle, the fuel consumption of the KLASCO-3 tugboat, and engine-prototype experimental data. Emission analysis was performed to verify the efficiency of the dual-fuel engine in reducing CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions of seaport tugboats. The study found that replacing a diesel engine with a dual-fuel-powered engine led to a reduction in annual emissions of 10% for CO2, 91% for SO2, and 65% for NOx. Based on today’s fuel price market data an economic impact assessment was conducted based on the estimated annual fuel consumption of the existing KLASCO-3 seaport tugboat when a diesel-powered engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-natural gas)-powered engine. The study showed that a 33% fuel costs savings can be achieved each year. Based on the approved methodology, an ecological impact assessment was conducted for the entire fleet of tugboats operating in the Baltic Sea ports if the fuel type was changed from diesel to natural gas. The results of the assessment showed that replacing diesel fuel with natural gas achieved 78% environmental impact in terms of NOx emissions according to MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The research concludes that new-generation engines on the market powered by environmentally friendly fuels such as LNG can modernise a large number of existing seaport tugboats, significantly reducing their emissions in ECA regions such as the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals PM2.5 Magnetic Properties in Relation to Urban Combustion Sources in Southern West Africa

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Aruã da Silva Leite ◽  
Jean-François Léon ◽  
Melina Macouin ◽  
Sonia Rousse ◽  
Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Magnetic Mineralogy ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Element Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Magnetic Investigation ◽  
Combustion Sources ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

The physico-chemical characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in African cities remain poorly known due to scarcity of observation networks. Magnetic parameters of PM are robust proxies for the emissions of Fe-bearing particles. This study reports the first magnetic investigation of PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic size below 2.5 μm) in Africa performed on weekly PM2.5 filters collected in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) and Cotonou (Benin) between 2015 and 2017. The magnetic mineralogy is dominated by magnetite-like low coercivity minerals. Mass normalized SIRM are 1.65 × 10−2 A m2 kg−1 and 2.28 × 10−2 A m2 kg−1 for Abidjan and Cotonou respectively. Hard coercivity material (S-ratio = 0.96 and MDF = 33 mT) is observed during the dry dusty season. Wood burning emits less iron oxides by PM2.5 mass when compared to traffic sources. PM2.5 magnetic granulometry has a narrow range regardless of the site or season. The excellent correlation between the site-averaged element carbon concentrations and SIRM suggests that PM2.5 magnetic parameters are linked to primary particulate emission from combustion sources.

Mitigating NOX emissions does not help alleviate wintertime particulate pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 116931
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Jiarui Wu ◽  
Yuepeng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Particulate Pollution

Finite-rate entrainment effects on nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in staged combustors

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 111434
Author(s):  
Edwin Goh ◽  
James Li ◽  
Nam Y. Kim ◽  
Tim Lieuwen ◽  
Jerry Seitzman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Finite Rate
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