208. Intra-Sampling Session Variability of Outdoor Air Samples for Fungi: The Routine Need for Multiple Samples for Indoor Air Comparison

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Sampling Session ◽  
Multiple Samples

scholarly journals Concentrations of Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, and Ammonia in Newly Constructed Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroko Nakaoka ◽  
Akifumi Eguchi ◽  
Masamichi Hanazato ◽  
Yoshitake Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
The Mean

Herein, the concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia in samples of indoor air for 47 new houses were measured two weeks after completion. The houses were fabricated with light-gauge steel structures. The measurements were performed in living rooms and bedrooms without furniture and outdoors. Air samples were analyzed using ion chromatography. The mean values were 28 (living room), 30 (bedroom), and 20 μg m−3 (outdoor air) for formic acid; 166 (living room), 151 (bedroom), and 51 μg m−3 (outdoor air) for acetic acid; and 73 (living room), 76 (bedroom), and 21 μg m−3 (outdoor air) for ammonia. The total values of the three substances accounted for 39.4–40.7% of the sum of chemical compound values. The analyzed compounds were indicated by two principal components (PC), PC1 (30.1%) and PC2 (9%), with 39.1% total variance. Formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia were positively aligned with PC1 and negatively aligned with PC2. Factors such as room temperature, aldehydes, and phthalates were positively aligned with PC1 and negatively aligned with PC2. Furthermore, concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia were significantly and positively correlated with room temperature (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Profiles of Airborne Fungi in Buildings and Outdoor Environments in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1743-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Shelton ◽  
Kimberly H. Kirkland ◽  
W. Dana Flanders ◽  
George K. Morris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

ABSTRACT We examined 12,026 fungal air samples (9,619 indoor samples and 2,407 outdoor samples) from 1,717 buildings located across the United States; these samples were collected during indoor air quality investigations performed from 1996 to 1998. For all buildings, both indoor and outdoor air samples were collected with an Andersen N6 sampler. The culturable airborne fungal concentrations in indoor air were lower than those in outdoor air. The fungal levels were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter and spring. Geographically, the highest fungal levels were found in the Southwest, Far West, and Southeast. The most common culturable airborne fungi, both indoors and outdoors and in all seasons and regions, were Cladosporium, Penicillium, nonsporulating fungi, and Aspergillus. Stachybotrys chartarum was identified in the indoor air in 6% of the buildings studied and in the outdoor air of 1% of the buildings studied. This study provides industrial hygienists, allergists, and other public health practitioners with comparative information on common culturable airborne fungi in the United States. This is the largest study of airborne indoor and outdoor fungal species and concentrations conducted with a standardized protocol to date.

Preliminary Measurements of Indoor Radon in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 547-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kobal ◽  
J. Vavpotic ◽  
J. Burger ◽  
P. Stegnar
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Glass Ampoule ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Scintillation Cell ◽  
Radon Monitoring

Abstract In Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, one of six Yugoslav republics, 28 houses were selected according to their size, age and construction material, as sampling points to measure indoor air 222Rn concentrations. Air samples were taken every three months and analysed for 222Rn. Radon was isolated from air contained in a 1.2 dm3 sampling glass ampoule, transferred to a scintillation cell and counted. In some homes radon was measured under different microclimatic conditions. In addition outdoor air was surveyed in winter during a temperature inversion when increased radon concentration is expected in a mass of stagnant polluted air. The results obtained have not been quantitatively elaborated. They merely show a preliminary picture of indoor radon levels in Ljubljana and as such are a good base for a planned nationwide radon monitoring programme.

RP-HPLC ANALYSIS OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN SOME INDOOR AIR SAMPLES IN A FACULTY FROM CLUJ-NAPOCA

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Carmen Roba ◽  
Cristina Rosu ◽  
Iulia Neamtiu ◽  
Eugen Gurzau
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Rp Hplc

scholarly journals Determination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different particulate matter size fractions of outdoor air samples in Madrid during the lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 110863
Author(s):  
Beatriz Linillos-Pradillo ◽  
Lisa Rancan ◽  
Elías Díaz Ramiro ◽  
Elena Vara ◽  
Begoña Artíñano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Size Fractions

scholarly journals Ventilated Double Window for the Preheating of the Ventilation Air Comparison of Its Performance in a Northern and a Southern European Climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge S. Carlos ◽  
Helena Corvacho
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Passive System ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
European Climate

Keeping the indoor air quality within the reference levels requires that the polluted indoor air be replaced by fresh air coming from the outside. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis and a series of simulations where the performance of this passive system is studied. The influence of each relevant factor, like the wind, the solar radiation, and the outdoor air temperature, is assessed. Two different local sets of climatic data were chosen, a mild and a cold winter.

scholarly journals Optical Sensing Approach to the Recognition of Different Types of Particulate Matters for Sustainable Indoor Environment Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10568
Author(s):  
Hosang Ahn ◽  
Jae Sik Kang ◽  
Gyeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Hyun-Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Contaminant Source ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
And Control

The indoor environment is a crucial part of the built environment where our daily time is mostly spent. It is governed not only by indoor activities, but also affected by interconnected activities such as door opening, walking and routine tasks throughout the inside and outside of buildings and houses. Pollutant control is one of the major concerns for maintaining a sustainable indoor environment, and finding the source of pollutants is a relatively hard part of that task. Pollutants are emitted from various sources, transformed by sunlight, react with vapor in ozone and are transported into cities and from country to country. Due to these reasons, there has been high demand to monitor the transportation of particulate matters and improve air quality. The monitoring of pollutants and identification of their type and concentration enables us to track and control their generation and consequently discover reliable suitable mitigation measures to control air quality at regulated levels by contaminant source removal. However, the monitoring of pollutants, especially particulate matter generation and its transportation, is still not fully operated in atmospheric air due to its open nature and meteorological factors. Even though indoor air is relatively easier to monitor and control than outdoor air in the aspect of specific volume and contaminant source, meteorological parameters still need to be considered because indoor air is not fully separated from outdoor air flow and contaminants’ transportation. In this study, an optical approach using a spectral sensor was attempted to reveal the feasibility of wavelength and chromaticity values of reflected light from specific particles. From the analysis of reflected light of various particulate matters according to different liquid additives, parameter studies were performed to investigate which experimental conditions can contribute to the enhanced selective sensing of particulate matter. Five different particulate matters such as household dust, soil, talc powder, gypsum powder and yellow pine tree pollen were utilized. White samples were selectively identified by the peak at 720 nm for talc and 433 nm and 690 nm in wavelength for gypsum under chemical additives. Other grey household dust and yellowish soil and pine tree pollen revealed a distinct chromaticity x, y coordinates shift in vector within the maximum range from (0.22, 0.19) to (0.55, 0.48). Applicable approaches to assist current particle matter sensors and improve the selective sensing were suggested.

Presence of viable mould propagules in indoor air in relation to house damp and outdoor air

Allergy ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (2PART1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Verhoeff ◽  
J. H. Wijnen ◽  
B. Brunekreef ◽  
P. Fischer ◽  
E. S. Reenen-Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Outdoor Air

scholarly journals Contribution of Vegetation to the Microbial Composition of Nearby Outdoor Air

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (13) ◽  
pp. 3822-3833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina S. Lymperopoulou ◽  
Rachel I. Adams ◽  
Steven E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Epiphytic Bacteria ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Airborne Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Airborne Microbes

ABSTRACTGiven that epiphytic microbes are often found in large population sizes on plants, we tested the hypothesis that plants are quantitatively important local sources of airborne microorganisms. The abundance of microbial communities, determined by quantifying bacterial 16S RNA genes and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, in air collected directly above vegetation was 2- to 10-fold higher than that in air collected simultaneously in an adjacent nonvegetated area 50 m upwind. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the composition of airborne bacteria in upwind air samples grouped separately from that of downwind air samples, while communities on plants and downwind air could not be distinguished. In contrast, fungal taxa in air samples were more similar to each other than to the fungal epiphytes. A source-tracking algorithm revealed that up to 50% of airborne bacteria in downwind air samples were presumably of local plant origin. The difference in the proportional abundances of a given operational taxonomic unit (OTU) between downwind and upwind air when regressed against the proportional representation of this OTU on the plant yielded a positive slope for both bacteria and fungi, indicating that those taxa that were most abundant on plants proportionally contributed more to downwind air. Epiphytic fungi were less of a determinant of the microbiological distinctiveness of downwind air and upwind air than epiphytic bacteria. Emigration of epiphytic bacteria and, to a lesser extent, fungi, from plants can thus influence the microbial composition of nearby air, a finding that has important implications for surrounding ecosystems, including the built environment into which outdoor air can penetrate.IMPORTANCEThis paper addresses the poorly understood role of bacterial and fungal epiphytes, the inhabitants of the aboveground plant parts, in the composition of airborne microbes in outdoor air. It is widely held that epiphytes contribute to atmospheric microbial assemblages, but much of what we know is limited to qualitative assessments. Elucidating the sources of microbes in outdoor air can inform basic biological processes seen in airborne communities (e.g., dispersal and biogeographical patterns). Furthermore, given the considerable contribution of outdoor air to microbial communities found within indoor environments, the understanding of plants as sources of airborne microbes in outdoor air might contribute to our understanding of indoor air quality. With an experimental design developed to minimize the likelihood of other-than-local plant sources contributing to the composition of airborne microbes, we provide direct evidence that plants are quantitatively important local sources of airborne microorganisms, with implications for the surrounding ecosystems.

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