39. Exposures and Health Effects: An Industrial Hygiene Evaluation of Workers at a Sodium Azide Production Plant

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Esswein ◽  
D. Trout
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Production Plant

Exposures and health effects: An evaluation of workers at a sodium azide production plant

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Trout ◽  
Eric J. Esswein ◽  
Thomas Hales ◽  
Kenneth Brown ◽  
Gina Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Production Plant

The Specter of the Golem: The Quest for Safer Encaustic Painting Practice in the Age of OSHA

Leonardo ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Shifrin Whitson
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Infor Mation ◽  
Acrylic Paints

The author's use of the mil-lennia-old, multi-dimensional en-caustic painting technique, which uses hot colored wax as a paint-ing medium, led her to the literary and artistic concept of the golem, which she sees as a metaphor for the appropriate use of technol-ogy. This, in turn, prompted the author to learn more about en-caustic from an industrial-hygiene perspective. Owing to the com-mendable handling characteristics of encaustic, many painters after using it never go back to using oil or acrylic paints; however, the act of heating wax creates airborne substances that can cause long-term health effects to artists who do not take common-sense pre-cautions. This article offers infor-mation to help artists set up safer encaustic/conventional painting studios. The author also intro-duces encaustic's long history, describes various encaustic tech-niques and lists permanent pig-ments that are generally safer than other professionally ac-cepted materials.

Good Practice for the Assessment and Safe Handling of Nanomaterials

2009 ◽  
Vol 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve M. Hankin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
New Products ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exposure Routes

AbstractNanotechnology has the potential to greatly improve our lives through medical, environmental and consumer products. Properties at the nanoscale are being exploited in new products, but they could also influence how the particles interact with humans and the environment. There is increasing consensus that for nanotechnology to reach its maximum potential, we must work to understand the hazards and exposure routes in order to minimise the risks. Good practice, founded on the principles of risk assessment and industrial hygiene, are applicable to a wide range of nanomaterials and nanostructured materials including nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanopowders, nanotubes, as well as aggregates and agglomerates of these materials. There is still considerable uncertainty about many aspects of effective risk assessment of nanomaterials, including the hazardous potential of many types of nanoparticles and the levels below which individuals might be exposed, with minimal likelihood of adverse health effects. It is prudent therefore to understand how to develop an appropriate strategy for the risk assessment, handling and disposing of nanomaterials, in the light of known and unknown hazards and exposures. This paper presents a perspective of the key components of risk assessment applicable to nanotechnology and novel materials.

Human Health Effects of Sodium Azide Exposure: A Literature Review and Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soju Chang ◽  
Steven H. Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Route Of Exposure

Sodium azide, used mainly as a preservative in aqueous laboratory reagents and biologic fluids and as a fuel in automobile airbag gas generants, has caused deaths for decades. Its exposure potential for the general population increases as the use of airbags increase. In order to characterize the known health effects of sodium azide in humans and the circumstances of their exposure, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature from 1927 to 2002 on human exposure to sodium azide and its health effects. The most commonly reported health effect from azide exposure is hypotension, almost independent of route of exposure. Most industrial exposures are by inhalation. Most laboratory exposures or suicide attempts are byingestion. Most of the reported cases involved persons working in laboratories. The time between exposure and detection of hypotension can predict outcome. Fatal doses occur with exposures of 700 mg (10 mg/kg). Nonlethal doses ranged from 0.3 to 150 mg (0.004 to 2 mg/kg). Onset of hypotension within minutes or in less than an hour is indicative of a pharmacological response and a benign course. Hypotension with late onset (1 hour) constitutes an ominous sign for death. All individuals with hypotension for more than an hour died. Additional health effects included mild complaints of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, temporary loss of vision, palpitation, dyspnea, or temporary loss of consciousness or mental status decrease. More severe symptoms and signs included marked decreased mental status, seizure, coma, arrhythmia, tachypnea, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, and cardiorespiratory arrest. The signs and symptoms from lower exposures (<700 mg) are physiological responses at the vascular level and those at or above are toxicological responses at the metabolic level. There is no specific antidote for sodium azide intoxication. Recommended preventive measures for sodium azide exposure consist of education of people at high risk, such as laboratory workers, regarding its chemical properties and toxicity, better labeling of products containing sodium azide, and strict enforcement of laboratory regulations and access control.

scholarly journals Kosova coal gasification plant health effects study: Volume 2, Industrial hygiene

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brandt ◽  
J. Jackson ◽  
C. Sutcliffe ◽  
O. White ◽  
E. Premuzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Industrial Hygiene ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Gasification Plant

Use of digital microscopy in process control during the manufacture of rubber-modified thermoplastics

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
M. T. Dineen
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conventional Film ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Image Collection

The production of rubber modified thermoplastics can exceed rates of 30,000 pounds per hour. If a production plant needs to equilibrate or has an upset, that means operating costs and lost revenue. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used for process adjustments to minimize product loss. Conventional TEM, however, is not a rapid turnaround technique. The TEM process was examined, and it was determined that 50% of the time it took to complete a polymer sample was related to film processing, even when using automated equipment. By replacing the conventional film portion of the process with a commercially available system to digitally acquire the TEM image, a production plant can have the same TEM image in the control room within 1.5 hours of sampling.A Hitachi H-600 TEM Operated at 100 kV with a tungsten filament was retrofitted with a SEMICAPS™ image collection and processing workstation and a KODAK MEGAPLUS™ charged coupled device (CCD) camera (Fig. 1). Media Cybernetics Image-Pro Plus software was included, and connections to a Phaser II SDX printer and the network were made. Network printers and other PC and Mac software (e.g. NIH Image) were available. By using digital acquisition and processing, the time it takes to produce a hard copy of a digital image is greatly reduced compared to the time it takes to process film.

Federal Agencies to Study Health Effects of BPA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Federal Agencies
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