208. Fiber Release Rates from Asbestos-Containing Gaskets and Packings Found in Intact Industrial and Maritime Fittings

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.W. Boelter ◽  
G. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Release Rates

scholarly journals Dissolution Testing of Nicotine Release from OTDN Pouches: Product Characterization and Product-to-Product Comparison

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fadi Aldeek ◽  
Nicholas McCutcheon ◽  
Cameron Smith ◽  
John H. Miller ◽  
Timothy L. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Dissolution Testing ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Usp 4 ◽  
Release Profiles

In recent years, oral tobacco-derived nicotine (OTDN) pouches have emerged as a new oral tobacco product category. They are available in a variety of flavors and do not contain cut or ground tobacco leaf. The on!® nicotine pouches fall within this category of OTDN products and are currently marketed in seven (7) flavors with five (5) different nicotine levels. Evaluation of the nicotine release from these products is valuable for product assessment and product-to-product comparisons. In this work, we characterized the in vitro release profiles of nicotine from the 35 varieties of on!® nicotine pouches using a fit-for-purpose dissolution method, employing the U.S. Pharmacopeia flow-through cell dissolution apparatus 4 (USP-4). The nicotine release profiles were compared using the FDA’s Guidance for Industry: Dissolution Testing of Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms. The cumulative release profiles of nicotine show a dose dependent response for all nicotine levels. The on!® nicotine pouches exhibit equivalent percent nicotine release rates for each flavor variant across all nicotine levels. Furthermore, the nicotine release profiles from on!® nicotine pouches were compared to a variety of other commercially available OTDN pouches and traditional pouched smokeless tobacco products. The percent nicotine release rates were found to be dependent on the product characteristics, showing similarities and differences in the nicotine release profiles between the on!® nicotine pouches and other compared products.

scholarly journals Potential for the Postharvest Biological Control of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) by Blattisocius tarsalis (Mesostigmata, Blattisociidae)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Jorge Gavara ◽  
Ana Piedra-Buena ◽  
Estrella Hernandez-Suarez ◽  
Manuel Gamez ◽  
Tomas Cabello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Blattisocius Tarsalis ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
Pest Density

Phthorimaea operculella is one of the most important pests causing damage to stored potatoes. In this work, the effect of temperature (at 10, 20 and 30 °C) on the predation of pest eggs by Blattisocius tarsalis was studied in the laboratory. In addition, the effect of three predatory release rates on two pest densities was studied under microcosm conditions. The results showed that B. tarsalis maintains its predatory capacity at low temperatures (10 °C), obtaining an efficiency of 49.66 ± 5.06% compared to the control. In turn, at 20 °C, a maximum efficacy of 78.17 ± 4.77% was achieved, very similar to that presented at 30 °C (75.57 ± 4.34%). Under microcosm conditions and at low pest density (10 eggs/container), the mortality due to the mite was 96.97 ± 3.03%, 81.82 ± 8.84%, and 84.85 ± 8.30%, respectively, for the three predatory release rates (5, 10 or 20 mites/container). At the high infestation level, the pest control ranged from 61.54 ± 9.21% to 92.31 ± 2.74%, depending on the predatory release rate. The results obtained show that B. tarsalis could be a relevant control agent against P. operculella under non-refrigerated potato storage conditions, as well as in the first stages of their storage under refrigerated conditions.

Species production and heat release rates in two-layered natural gas fires

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Zukoski ◽  
J.H. Morehart ◽  
T. Kubota ◽  
S.J. Toner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Species Production

Host Phases for Actinide Elements in the Metallic Waste Form

2002 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Janney
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Simulated Waste

ABSTRACTArgonne National Laboratory has developed an electrometallurgical process for conditioning spent sodium-bonded metallic reactor fuel prior to disposal. A waste stream from this process consists of stainless steel cladding hulls that contain undissolved metal fission products such as Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag; a small amount of undissolved actinides (U, Np, Pu) also remains with the hulls. These wastes will be immobilized in a waste form whose baseline composition is stainless steel alloyed with 15 wt% Zr (SS-15Zr). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of simulated metal waste forms (SS-15Zr with up to 11 wt% actinides) show eutectic intergrowths of Fe-Zr-Cr-Ni intermetallic phases with steels. The actinide elements are almost entirely in the intermetallics, where they occur in concentrations ranging from 1–20 at%. Neutron- and electron-diffraction studies of the simulated waste forms show materials with structures similar to those of Fe2Zr and Fe23Zr6.Dissolution experiments on simulated waste forms show that normalized release rates of U, Np, and Pu differ from each other and from release rates of other elements in the sample, and that release rates for U exceed those for any other element (including Fe). This paper uses transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations and results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and selected-area electron-diffraction (SAED) to characterize relationships between structural and chemical data and understand possible reasons for the observed dissolution behavior.Transmission electron microscope observations of simulated waste form samples with compositions SS-15Zr-2Np, SS-15Zr-5U, SS-15Zr-11U-0.6Rh-0.3Tc-0.2Pd, and SS-15Zr-10Pu suggest that the major actinide-bearing phase in all of the samples has a structure similar to that of the C15 (cubic, MgCu2-type) polymorph of Fe2Zr, and that materials with this structure exhibit significant variability in chemical compositions. Material whose structure is similar to that of the C36 (dihexagonal, MgNi2-type) polymorph of Fe2Zr was also observed, and it exhibits less chemical variability than that displayed by material with the C15 structure. The TEM data also demonstrate a range of actinide concentrations in materials with the Fe23Zr6 (cubic, Mn23Th6-type) structure.Microstructures similar to those produced during experimental deformation of Fe-10 at% Zr alloys were observed in intermetallic materials in all of the simulated waste form samples. Stacking faults and associated dislocations are common in samples with U, but rarely observed in those with Np and Pu, while twins occurred in all samples. The observed differences in dissolution behavior between samples with different actinides may be related to increased defect-assisted dissolution in samples with U.

Heat release rates from heavy goods vehicle trailer fires in tunnels

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 646-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haukur Ingason ◽  
Anders Lönnermark
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Release Rates
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