Glaucoma: A review for the family physician

2022 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
E. Hunter Harrison ◽  
Leonid Skorin Jr., DO, OD, MS, FAAO, FAOCO
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Common

Glaucoma is an insidious disease process that causes damage to the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer, resulting in progressive vision loss. Multiple factors play a role in its pathophysiology, but intraocular pressure is a significant yet modifiable risk factor and therefore is targeted by all current treatment modalities. Its high prevalence and potential for irreversible damage necessitate an understanding of the condition by primary care physicians, who will undoubtedly be managing conditions and medications that can influence glaucomatous progression. This article will explore the pathophysiologic basis of glaucoma, discuss some of the common subtypes and highlight important clinical considerations.

Chronic pain syndromes in childhood: one trunk, many branches

2013 ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Neil L. Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Functional Pain ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes ◽  
Family Distress

Although this volume is replete with detailed discussions about specific pain problems, the focus of this chapter is on a discussion of the commonalities in aetiology, associated symptoms, and treatment of many of the frequent chronic pain problems. We will explore in brief the data that demonstrates the co-occurrence of many of the common chronic pain problems in children and the epidemiological similarities that exist between affected individuals. Then we will review the concept of central sensitization and the physiological evidence that supports its presence in many of the functional pain problems. We will briefly review some of the symptoms associated with these entities (orthostatic intolerance, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, hypermobility, family distress). Finally, we will discuss briefly a general approach to these problems emphasizing the collection of specific information in the history and physical examination, the critically important presentation of the formulation to the family, and the treatment modalities that appear to be effective for many of these conditions. In-depth discussion of each of these pain problems is available in chapters specifically designated to review them in detail.

scholarly journals A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW ON TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR RAKTAPRADAR W.S.R. TO DUB

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3038-3048
Author(s):  
Himani Gupta ◽  
Poonam Bamola ◽  
Nikita Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Common

Women are the pioneers and key to sustainable development and quality of life in the family. Hindu culture respects women as Goddess due to this power of creativity of life inside her womb. This energy of procreation starts with menarche and ends with menopause. Ayurveda focusses on preventive and curative measures of female health. Acharya Charak mentioned “Yonishu Shuddhasu Garbham Vindati Yoshitaha” i.e., normal healthy status of Yoni (vagina) is the key factor for achieving the conception. Various gynaecological disorders like Yoni Rogas, Artava Doshas and Raktapradar hampers the achievement of conception. Raktapradar i.e., excessive excretion of men- strual blood, either in quantity or in duration is explained in Ayurvedic Classics. It is the common cause of Iron deficiency anemia & general debility. Ayurvedic intervention mentioned can be recommended as safer, feasible and effective therapy for management of Raktapradar. Keywords: Shudha Yoni, Yoni Roga, Artava Dosha, Raktapradar.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF UVEITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN ADULTS: A CONCISE OVERVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Laura Muntean ◽  
◽  
Simona Rednic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Ocular Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
The Impact

Uveitis represents a heterogenous group of inflammatory ocular diseases which may cause vision loss. Association of uveitis with arthritis may occur in many systemic autoimmune diseases, including spondyloarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Behҫet’s disease and sarcoidosis. Recent advances in the field of autoimmune diseases have provided new insights and developments of diverse therapies for noninfectious uveitis. However, the optimal treatment strategy for patients with uveitis remains to be defined. Topical and/or systemic corticosteroids are the first-line therapy of autoimmune uveitis, but relapses are frequent after treatment cessation. Chronic use of corticosteroids is associated with significant systemic and ocular side effects. Many patients require treatment with conventional immunomodulatory drugs and/or biological agents in order to maintain long-term remission for both ocular inflammation and systemic disease. Treatment of uveitis should be individualized based on several factors, including the location of ocular inflammation, the inflammation severity, the impact on visual function and quality of life, the type of systemic autoimmune disease, and comorbidities. This paper provides a concise overview of the current treatment modalities and strategies available for adult patients with uveitis associated with systemic autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Vika Guloyan ◽  
Buzand Oganesian ◽  
Nicole Baghdasaryan ◽  
Christopher Yeh ◽  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due in large part to severe cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state brought on by dysregulated host-inflammatory immune response, ultimately leading to multi-organ failure. Exacerbated oxidative stress caused by increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) along with decreased levels of interferon α and interferon β (IFN-α, IFN-β) are mainly believed to drive the disease process. Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation of COVID-19 with a focus on its pathogenesis and the possible use of liposomal GSH as an adjunctive treatment to the current treatment modalities in COVID-19 patients.

Spinal Cord Injury: Preventing Secondary Injury

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Diane Coen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury is devastating to the victim, as well as being costly in terms of medical expenses, lost wages, and lost independence. The initial damage to the spinal cord results from several mechanisms of injury—flexion, extension, compression, penetration, rotation, and the disease process. When the spinal cord is injured and there is necrosis of the nervous tissue, no regeneration of that tissue occurs. Unlike in the peripheral nervous system, where regeneration is possible, the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system, as is the brain. The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the L1 vertebrae: the cervical levels innervate the diaphragm and muscles of the arms; the thoracic levels innervate the muscles of the chest and abdomen; and the lumbar and sacral levels innervate the muscles of the legs. In addition, the sacral levels are responsible for bowel, bladder, and sexual function. The higher the level of injury, the more severe the loss of function because, not only is the level of injury affected, but also the levels below. Injury occurs by initial trauma to the surrounding ligaments, bones, and muscles, which then affect the spinal cord. There may be total loss of function with damage completely across the cord or partial loss of function with damage affecting only part of the cord. No current treatment can reverse this initial injury, which causes irreversible damage within minutes of injury. Secondary damage occurs as the injury spreads over several hours. Treatment can help prevent this secondary damage

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Nashmin Fayazi ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

Management of Optic Neuritis in Ayurveda - A Special Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsha S. ◽  
Dr. Mamatha KV.
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Special Case

The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic neuritis is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed. Optic neuritis can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation usually causes temporary vision loss that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic neuritis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. There are no direct references in our classics regarding optic neuritis but can be contemplated as a condition by name Parimlayi Timira. The specific management as such is not cited but a transcendence approach can be done with adopting the treatment which has the ability to pacify the already occurred pathology and prevent the further development of the disease. One such interesting case study on Optic neuritis is elaborated here where in specific treatment modalities (Shodana, Shamana and Kriyakalpas) played role in pacifying the condition.

Larvae of the blow fly Caiusa testacea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as egg predators of Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 17374-17379
Author(s):  
W.G.D. Chathuranga ◽  
K. Kariyawasam ◽  
Anslem De Silva ◽  
W.A.Priyanka P. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Common ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of dipteran predators on eggs in foam nests of the Common Hour-glass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in central Sri Lanka.  Foam nests (n=24) of P. cruciger were examined at their natural breeding habitats and infected (n=8) and uninfected spawns (n=16) were identified.  Emerging tadpoles were collected in a water container hung under each spawn and the average number of tadpoles (N) hatched from infected spawns (N=0) was compared with that of uninfected spawns (N=354 ± 67).  Three severely infected spawns were brought to the laboratory and the fly larvae were reared until they metamorphosed to adults.  Morphological and molecular identification of the flies confirmed them as belonging to Caiusa testacea Senior-White, 1923 of the family Calliphoridae.  The infected spawns were completely destroyed and an estimated average of 400 P. cruciger eggs per spawn were lost.  The results revealed a high impact of Caiusa testacea on egg and embryo mortality of P. cruciger.

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