scholarly journals Factors related to academic success among paramedic students

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simpiwe Sobuwa ◽  
Bill Lord
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Descriptive Survey

BackgroundSouth Africa is one of the few countries to produce emergency care graduates in Africa. However, a large number of these graduates are emigrating from Africa. Although academic success has been studied in various contexts in Africa, none have looked into the Bachelor of Emergency Medical Care (BEMC). Maximising academic success in the BEMC might ensure a sustainable skilled workforce in an area which has a shortage of skilled personnel.AimsThis study aimed to describe the socio-demographic variables of current South African BEMC students. We also aimed to describe whether any associations exist between socio-demographic variables, various racial groupings and repeating a year during the course of study.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among students enrolled for the BEMC in 2016. Continuous and categorical variables were analysed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher’s exact test and Pearson chi-square test were used to test associations between the survey variables and repeating a year.ResultsA total of 176 participants responded to the survey. Having a pre-existing emergency care qualification was associated with not repeating a year on the BEMC (p=0.02). The statistical difference between race and not repeating a year in the BEMC was not significant (p=0.07). However, when the black-African and minority cohort are grouped together, it is significant (p=0.05).ConclusionA number of socio-demographics were described in this study. Students with pre-existing emergency care qualifications were least likely to repeat a year. 

scholarly journals INTERNET USE BEHAVIOR: EMERGING STUDENT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Samina Qadir ◽  
Ayesha Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Use Behavior

Background: Internet addiction is emerging community mental health issue. Objective of study was to determine frequency of three types of internet use behaviors, modal reason of internet use and association of internet use behavior to different socio demographic variables. Material & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Gomal Medical College from 1st September to 30th September 2018. A sample size of 100 students was chosen through non probability sampling technique. All students were given a questionnaire. Our sociodemographic variables were age, residence, gender, language and socioeconomic status. Research variables were frequency of different internet use behaviors and modal reason of internet use. SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentages and numerical variables expressed as mean and SD. Chi square test was done to see association of internet use behaviors with socio demographic variables. Results: in this study male and female were both equal in number with 50 each. Majority of them were below 25 yrs of age 99%, hosteler 74%, Pushto speaking 54% and from middle class 78%. Regarding internet use behavior 53% were normal user,45% were problematic user and 2 were addict. Chi square test did not show any significant difference between type of user and sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: In our study frequency of problematic user is high and internet use behavior is not significantly associated to different sociodemographic groups. Entertainment was the most frequent reason for using internet.

Association between Food Intake and Overweight in Children Assisted by Primary Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Erivelton Sousa Lima ◽  
Amanda de Castro Amorim Serpa Brandão ◽  
Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior ◽  
Luana kelle Batista Moura ◽  
Gerardo Vasconcelos Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: The child feed in the first two years of life is of fundamental importance for a healthy growth and development. Aims: To verify the association between food consumption indicators and overweight in children under the age of two, followed up by primary care health professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 children assisted by primary care. A structured questionnaire was used with questions on sociodemographic data of mothers or guardians and food intake and anthropometric data of children. The analysis of the association between excess weight and food intake indicators was performed using the Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher’s exact test (f ˂ 5). Results: Regarding food intake in children under 6 months of age, 35.1% of the children were exclusively breastfed. Among children at the age of 6 to 23 months: 66.3% were on continued breastfeeding; 16.7% consumed adequate foods at the age of 6 to 8 months; 90.4% consumed foods that belonged to the six food groups; 76.3% consumed food at the minimum frequency and with adequate consistency; 88.9% consumed iron-rich and vitamin A-rich foods, and 59.3% consumed ultra-processed foods. Regarding nutritional status, 24.5% of the children were overweight. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between overweight and food consumption indicators among the surveyed children. However, exclusive breastfeeding was below the recommended level, a low percentage of the introduction of complementary foods at the appropriate age and high consumption of ultra-processed foods reveal the need to improve the assistance provided by primary care to this group.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Al-kalisi ◽  
Manal Al-Hajri ◽  
Sarah Al-Rai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

scholarly journals Vulnerabilidade social e a cárie dentária na primeira infância

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550-1562
Author(s):  
Amanda Albuquerque Diniz ◽  
Isabelle Monteiro Da Silva Lima ◽  
Karyne Barreto Gonçalves Marques ◽  
Luiz Carlos Costa Madeira Alves ◽  
Ingrid Cordeiro Monte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da cárie em crianças na primeira infância sob vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo transversal realizada no Instituto da Primeira Infância - Iprede, com crianças sob vulnerabilidade social em Fortaleza, Ceará. A coleta de dados foi realizada, em dezembro de 2018 a abril de 2019, com 363 crianças aleatoriamente, por meio de exame bucal e questionário. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva e do teste qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas. Resultados: Observou-se uma prevalência de cárie de 35,6%, e que de 1 a 4 lesões representavam a maior porcentagem (23,7%). Elevado percentual de crianças nunca foi ao dentista (81,3%); semelhante percentual nunca sentiu dor de dente (82,3%). Conclusão: Apesar da vulnerabilidade social, a prevalência de cárie foi baixa, e sugere-se realização de ações para minimizar os efeitos da doença na qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento infantil.   Objective: To estimate the prevalence of caries in children in early childhood under social vulnerability. Methods: Cross-sectional research conducted at the Instituto da Primeira Infância - Iprede, with children under social vulnerability in Fortaleza, Ceará. Data collection was carried out, from December 2018 to April 2019, with 363 children randomly, through oral examination and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: There was a prevalence of caries of 35,6%, with 1 to 4 caries representing the highest percentage (23,7%). A high percentage of children never went to the dentist (81,3%); a similar percentage never experienced toothache (82,3%). Conclusion: Despite the social vulnerability, the prevalence of caries was low, and actions to minimize the effects of the disease on quality of life and child development are suggested.

scholarly journals Association between speech and dental occlusion changes in children with cleft lip and palate and time of primary plastic surgeries

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ribeiro Schilling ◽  
Maria Cristina de Almeida Freitas Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Marcia Angélica Peter Maahs
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Incisive Foramen

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in speech and dental occlusion in children with cleft lip and palate and verify their association with each other and with the time of primary plastic surgeries. Methods: a cross-sectional study with collected data on the subjects’ identification, age at the time of primary surgeries, and clinical assessment of speech and dental occlusion. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test were used to verify the associations between the variables at the 5% significance level (p < 0.05). Results: the sample comprised 11 children aged 6 to 10 years, most of whom were males, self-reported white, with trans-incisive foramen cleft, predominantly on the left side. The mean age at lip repair surgery was 6 months, and 13 months at palatoplasty. Among the main dental occlusion changes, posterior and anterior crossbite stood out. All the subjects presented changed speech, with a prevalence of cases with dentoalveolar and palatine deformities, followed by passive and active changes. Subjects with anterior crossbite tended to have undergone primary lip repair surgery at a mean of four months earlier than the subjects without anterior crossbite. Conclusions: the associations between speech and dental occlusion changes, and between these and the time of primary plastic surgeries were not statistically significant. Even though it is known that early lip repair surgery is ideal to favor oral functions and aesthetics, the results revealed a tendency towards anterior crossbite, in these subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Risk of Clinical Deterioration among Inpatients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Víctor O. Costa ◽  
Eveline M. Nicolini ◽  
Bruna M. A. da Costa ◽  
Fabrício M. Teixeira ◽  
Júlia P. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Clinical Deterioration ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Imaging Markers

This study aims to assess the risk of severe forms of COVID-19, based on clinical, laboratory, and imaging markers in patients initially admitted to the ward. This is a retrospective observational study, with data from electronic medical records of inpatients, with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19, between March and September 2020, in a hospital from Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil. Participants (n = 74) were separated into two groups by clinical evolution: those who remained in the ward and those who progressed to the ICU. Mann–Whitney U test was taken for continuous variables and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Comparing the proposed groups, lower values of lymphocytes ( p  = <0.001) and increases in serum creatinine ( p  = 0.009), LDH ( p  = 0.057), troponin ( p  = 0.018), IL-6 ( p  = 0.053), complement C4 ( p  = 0.040), and CRP ( p  = 0.053) showed significant differences or statistical tendency for clinical deterioration. The average age of the groups was 47.9 ± 16.5 and 66.5 ± 7.3 years ( p  = 0.001). Hypertension ( p  = 0.064), heart disease ( p  = 0.048), and COPD ( p  = 0.039) were more linked to ICU admission, as well as the presence of tachypnea on admission ( p  = 0.051). Ground-glass involvement >25% of the lung parenchyma or pleural effusion on chest CT showed association with evolution to ICU ( p  = 0.027), as well as bilateral opacifications ( p  = 0.030) when compared to unilateral ones. Laboratory, clinical, and imaging markers may have significant relation with worse outcomes and the need for intensive treatment, being helpful as predictive factors.

scholarly journals Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Sabita Subedi ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Bhojan Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Social Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016  in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers  against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of the morbidity pattern among stone quarry workers and their associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4451
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar M. ◽  
Jeshtin M.
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Construction sector is a thriving industry which comprises most of the unorganized workers and providing widespread opportunities for employment of most of the poorest and marginalized sections of society in India. The workers are more susceptible to various occupational hazards due to working conditions in dusty environment. This study is proposed to identify the morbidity pattern, availability and usage of safety measures, health care seeking behaviour and health care facilities at the quarry site.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the stone quarry workers of Maduranthakam area in Kancheepuram district from February 2018 to May 2018. The sample size was calculated as 94 and five quarries were selected randomly. The study tool was interview based semi structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics like Chi square test, Fischer’s exact test was done to determine significant association (p<0.05).Results: The common morbidities among the participants were abdominal conditions (54%), injuries (34%) and musculoskeletal disorders (27%). One in five individuals had respiratory problems and those with breathing difficulty had decreased peak expiratory flow rate. Usage of personal protective equipments is low and about 63.8% of them were using government health care facilities.Conclusions: Increasing demand for stone and aggregates has led to extensive stone quarrying operations. Awareness and enforcement of personal protective equipment, vaccination against diseases like tetanus, periodic health check- ups should be enforced for people working in quarries.

scholarly journals Prescription pattern in public specialized dental care centers in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e554101220732
Author(s):  
Gabriela Luiza Hochscheidt ◽  
Mateus Müller da Silva ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Silva de Quevedo ◽  
Deise Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study was to evaluate the most common drugs prescribed by dentists and the indicators related to rational drug use. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 189 interviews were carried out from August 2015 to June 2016 with patients who received drug prescriptions at specialized dental care centers in a city in southern Brazil. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: age and gender of the patient, dental specialty in which the care occurred, and prescription drugs and their respective dosage regimen. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). From the total of interviews, it was observed that 92.1% of patients received written medication prescriptions. Of these prescriptions, 38.5% had some type of antibiotic for systemic use. Acetaminophen was the most prescribed drug (33.4%), followed by amoxicillin (19.7%). The mean number of medications per prescription was 1.75, and 17.4% of the prescriptions did not indicate the dosage regimen. Our findings indicate a high incidence of prescribed antibiotics and non-compliance with regulatory agency guidance in prescriptions at the centers evaluated.

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