scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis of Macular Thickness in Children with Amblyopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Optic Coherence Tomography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Abnormal Visual ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose: To compare central, inner and outer ring macular thickness measured with optic coherence tomography (OCT) in children with unilateral amblyopia. To analyze the differences in retinal structure among strabismic, anisometropic and combined (strabismus + anisometropia) amblyopia. Background: Amblyopia is a reduction of visual acuity in one or both eyes due to an abnormal visual input during the development of the visual system. It is mainly caused by strabismus, anisometropia or high bilateral refractive errors, and visual deprivation. Although it has been always said that the amblyopic eye is an otherwise healthy eye, the imaging techniques developed lately, especially OCT and angio OCT, may show differences in retinal structures that could have a role in the development of amblyopia and/or its response to treatment. Methods: Retrospective review of amblyopic children followed up in our hospital. 60 children with unilateral amblyopia due to anisometropia and/or strabismus, with a good quality OCT exam, were included. We analyzed 9 thickness measurements: central macular thickness (1mm ring) and 4 sectors in inner (3mm) and outer (6mm) rings. Results: Data from 60 children is included. Mean retinal thickness at the central 1mm ring was 249.15µm for amblyopic eyes vs 238.3µm for fellow eye (p=0.000). For the thickness in the other 8 sectors for inner and outer rings no statistically significant differences were found. The central retina measurement was thicker in the anisometropic amblyopia group (p=0.003), but no statistically significant difference was found in the strabismic (p=0.066) and combined group (p=0.055). Conclusions: Central retinal thickness was significantly greater in amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes. This difference in thickness is also statistically significant in patients with anisometropia but not in those with strabismus or strabismus + anisometropia. Further studies with more patients are recommended.

Comparing Retinal Thickness Measurements Using Automated Fast Macular Thickness Map versus Six-Radial Line Scans with Manual Measurements

Ophthalmology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Taban ◽  
Sumit Sharma ◽  
Dawn R. Williams ◽  
Nadia Waheed ◽  
Peter K. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Radial Line ◽  
Thickness Measurements

scholarly journals Retinal Thickness and P-ERG Changes in Adult Patients With Anisometropic and Strabismic Amblyopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinglong Li ◽  
Xiaoning Peng ◽  
Guoke Yang ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Strabismic Amblyopia ◽  
Parvocellular Pathway ◽  
Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Abstract Objective To investigate the changes of retinal thickness and P-ERG signals in adult patients with anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. Methods Sixty patients with monocular adult amblyopia, including 30 anisometropic amblyopes (AA group) and 30 strabismic amblyopes (SA group), were enrolled in our study at the outpatient clinic of The Hefei First People’s Hospital Hospital of Anhui medical University from June 2019 to November 2020. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured within 3.4 mm diameter range surrounding the optic nerve, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer thickness within 6 mm diameter range surrounding the fovea by an Optovue RTVue OCT in both amblyopic and fellow eyes. The amplitude and latency of P50 and N95 in P-ERG were recorded by a Roland electrophysiology instrument under two stimulation conditions with different temporal and spatial frequencies that were designed to bias the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways respectively. Data between amblyopic and fellow eyes was statistically analyzed by paired t test. The correlation between axial length and parameters of OCT and P-ERG was examined by Pearson correlation test. Results (1) Changes in RNFL thickness: In the AA group, RNFL thickness in temporal sector was significantly thinner (p = 0.033), while that in the nasal, superior and inferior sectors increased (p < 0.05) compared with fellow eyes. In SA group, no significant difference (each sector p > 0.05) was found between amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes. (2) Changes in GCC thickness: Compared with fellow eyes, in the AA group, GCC layer thickness of amblyopic eyes was significantly increased (p = 0.039), whereas in the SA group, we did not find a significant difference between amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes (p > 0.05). (3) P-ERG stimulated mode biased the parvocellular pathway: When compared with fellow eyes (n = 15), in the AA group, the amplitudes of P50 (p = 0.004) and N95 (p = 0.038) were significantly decreased in amblyopic eyes, but no significant latent time difference (p > 0.05) was found. In the same stimulus pattern, no statistically significant difference (n = 15, p > 0.05) between amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes was found in the amplitude and latency of P50 and N95 in the SA group. (4) P-ERG stimulated mode biased the magnocellular pathway: The amplitude and latency of P50 and N95 showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in either the AA group or the SA group. (5) We found no significant correlation between axial length and OCT, P-ERG parameters (p > 0.05) in either group. Conclusion Our results showed that the alterations in structure and function of retina that could be seen in adult anisometropic amblyopia were not found in adult strabismic amblyopia group. The functional loss in anisometropic amblyopia was found to bias to a damage of partial ganglion cells by the parvocellular pathway. These findings indicated that the pathological mechanisms were different between anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia.

Repeatability of Retinal Macular Thickness Measurements in Patients with Clinically Significant Macular Edema Using Two Different Scanning Protocols of Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Fiore ◽  
Marco Lupidi ◽  
Sofia Androudi ◽  
Fabrizio Giansanti ◽  
Daniela Fruttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant Macular Edema ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Objective: To determine the repeatability of Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal thickness measurements in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) using two different scanning protocols. Methods: Seventy-one eyes of 71 diabetic patients with CSME were included in the study. Coefficients of repeatability and intrasession variation coefficients were tested with 20 × 15 degree raster scans consisting of 19 or 37 high-resolution line scans (15 or 8 frames per scan, respectively) that were repeated 2 times by 1 experienced examiner. The first scan was set as the reference scan; the second scan was the follow-up scan and was performed with the use of the follow-up mode. Results: The mean and standard deviation for the central foveal subfield (CSF) using the first scanning method was 404 ± 88 μm, while it was 399 ± 86 μm using the second protocol, which was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.35, paired test). Particularly examining the CSF, the coefficient of repeatability was 1.48 (6.00 µm) and 1.49 (5.95 µm) for the 19- and the 37-B-scan acquisition, respectively, showing a nonstatistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Retinal thickness measurements in diabetic patients with CSME are repeatable using both scanning protocols (19 or 37 B-scans) with Spectralis OCT. The repeatability of the retinal thickness measurement does not improve by increasing the number of B-scans from 19 to 37.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Fuchs’ Uveitis Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Balci ◽  
Mustafa Ozsutcu
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Fuchs Uveitis Syndrome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foveal Center ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose.We aimed to investigate retinal and choroidal thickness in the eyes of patients with Fuchs’ uveitis syndrome (FUS).Methods.Fifteen patients with unilateral FUS and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis HRA+OCT, 870 nm; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to obtain retinal and choroidal thickness measurements. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular thickness, and choroidal thickness of the eyes with FUS were compared with the unaffected eye and the eyes of healthy control subjects.Results.The mean choroidal thickness at fovea and at each point within the horizontal nasal and temporal quadrants at 500 μm intervals to a distance of 1500 µm from the foveal center was significantly thinner in the affected eye of FUS patients compared with the unaffected eye of FUS patients or the eyes of healthy control subjects. However, there were no significant differences in RNFL or macular thickness between groups.Conclusions.Affected eyes in patients with FUS tend to have thinner choroids as compared to eyes of unaffected fellow eyes and healthy individuals, which might be a result of the chronic inflammation associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Assessing Errors Inherent in OCT-Derived Macular Thickness Maps

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Odell ◽  
Adam M. Dubis ◽  
Jackson F. Lever ◽  
Kimberly E. Stepien ◽  
Joseph Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Retinal Pathologies ◽  
Sd Oct

SD-OCT has become an essential tool for evaluating macular pathology; however several aspects of data collection and analysis affect the accuracy of retinal thickness measurements. Here we evaluated sampling density, scan centering, and axial length compensation as factors affecting the accuracy of macular thickness maps. Forty-three patients with various retinal pathologies and 113 normal subjects were imaged using Cirrus HD-OCT. Reduced B-scan density was associated with increased interpolation error in ETDRS macular thickness plots. Correcting for individual differences in axial length revealed modest errors in retinal thickness maps, while more pronounced errors were observed when the ETDRS plot was not positioned at the center of the fovea (which can occur as a result of errant fixation). Cumulative error can exceed hundreds of microns, even under “ideal observer” conditions. This preventable error is particularly relevant when attempting to compare macular thickness maps to normative databases or measuring the area or volume of retinal features.

scholarly journals Macular and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness in Unilateral Amblyopic Eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Chunu Shrestha ◽  
Reeta Rajbhandari ◽  
Manish Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fellow Eye ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fiber Thickness ◽  
Fellow Eyes ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular visual impairment in both children, and young to middle-aged adults, affecting 2%–5% of the general population. The objective of this study was to compare the peripapillary nerve fiber thickness and macular thickness in amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes and normal control eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at R M Kedia Eye Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal from February 2020 to July 2020. Pediatric patients with unilateral amblyopia (anisometropic amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia or both) among the age group of 6-18 years attending pediatric department of RM Kedia Eye Hospital were enrolled for the study. All patients underwent a full ophthalmological assessment, including visual-acuity testing, anterior segment evaluation with Topcon slit lamp and fundus examination with Volk +90D lenses. All statistical analysis was done in SPSS V. 20. The average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 120.6 μm (SD=14.6 μm) in the amblyopic eye, 118.1 μm (SD=15.6 μm) in the fellow eye and 113.2 μm (SD=9.4 μm) in the normal eye (p=0.104) respectively. The average macular thickness was 298.6 μm (SD=19.1 μm) in the amblyopic eye, 296.9 μm (SD=11.2 μm) in the fellow eye and 303 μm (SD=12.4 μm) in the normal eye (p=0.260) respectively. In conclusion, our study did not find any significant difference in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber thickness or macular thickness when compared between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, gender and age matched normal eyes.

scholarly journals Changes of retinal thickness in macular area of myopia children

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03103
Author(s):  
Zhu Meihong ◽  
Lin Tainan
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Refractive Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Parts

Objective: To study the changes of macular retinal thickness in children with moderate and low myopia by frequency domain OCT. Methods: 108 school-age children aged 7-12 years were selected and enrolled into the group. Among them, 58 cases (116 eyes) with simple moderate and low myopia in the myopia group and 50 cases (100 eyes) with straight eyes in the emmetropia group. The retinal thickness in different parts of macular area was compared between the two groups, and the correlation between retinal thickness in different parts of macular area and diopter and axial length was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The length of eye axis in moderate and low myopia group was longer than that in emmetropia group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CMT(Central Macular Thickness) and I-AMT(average macular thickness of inner circle) between the two groups (P > 0.05). The AMT(Average Macular Thickness) and O-AMT(average macular thickness of outer circle) in moderate and low myopia group were lower than those in emmetropia group, and the differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). The thickness of the retina below the macula and the nasal side was positively correlated with the refractive power in patients with moderate to low-grade myopia (r=0.201, 0.302, P＜0.05), and the thickness of the retina around the macula was negatively correlated with the refractive power (r=-0.326, P＜0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in macular central retinal thickness between children with moderate and low myopia and normal children, and the thickness of paracentral retina tends to become thinner with the deepening of myopia.

Assessment of retinal thickness as a marker of brain masculinization in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Onal ◽  
Esra Kutlu ◽  
Banu Aydın ◽  
Atilla Ersen ◽  
Neval Topal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Androgen Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macular Retinal Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between brain masculinization and retinal thickness in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Methods Forty-five patients with CAH aged between 4 and 18 years and 30 age-matched healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Macular area was examined with optical coherence tomography (OCT); central subfield thickness (CST), cube volume (CV) and macular retinal thickness (MT) were measured in each subject. A gender identity questionnaire (GIQ) was used for the evaluation of gender happiness index. Results Girls with CAH had a higher CV (p = 0.002) and MT (p = 0.003) than healthy girls. No significant difference was found between boys with CAH and healthy boys regarding the retinal thickness measurements. Mean CST, CV and MT were significantly higher in boys than in girls in the control group (p = 0.013, p < 0.001, respectively), but there was no significant difference in those parameters between girls and boys with CAH. The gender happiness index was not different between healthy boys and boys with CAH, but was significantly lower in girls with CAH than healthy girls (p = 0.01). Conclusions As retina is part of the brain, our finding appears to be a morphological evidence of the excess androgen exposure on brain structures in girls with CAH. In addition, we suggest using retinal thickness measurements as a marker of prenatal excess androgen exposure in future studies.

scholarly journals Oscillatory thresholds and foveal and macular thickness using coherence tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Humphreys ◽  
Alan Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Right ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Normally Distributed

Background: Technology is evolving and advancing rapidly as is evident in the ophthalmic and optometric fields with the development of new equipment and software programs that assist in the examination of patients and diagnoses of ocular diseases. The new vision psychophysical software for measurements of oscillatory sensitivity (OS) is a recently developed program that can be used to assess visual ability at the fovea by establishing oscillatory thresholds (OT) and it is therefore necessary to assess the reliability and repeatability of this new software.Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the reliability and repeatability of the new vision psychophysical software for measuring OS with special focus on the macular and foveal area.Setting: This study took place at the Department of Optometry at the University of Johannesburg between 2016 and 2017.Methods: To measure OS, an ascending threshold method was used where a simple target was presented, with increasing oscillations until perception of movement occurred. Healthy participants (N = 37), with a mean age of 22.43 ± 2.57 years, were asked to indicate when the high contrast circular (2 mm) target began oscillating on a stationary black background. The target was used at nine points in the macular region to measure OT. Each macular map was measured twice per participant and only the right eyes were involved. Retinal thicknesses were also evaluated using the spectral-domain iVue 100 optical coherence tomography (OCT) from Optovue. Macular thickness and OS (along with OT) measurements were assessed using various graphical and statistical methods to establish test–retest reliability and repeatability.Results: The study focused on OS and retinal thickness measurements of the macular and foveal regions. For retinal thickness measurements, repeatability and reliability were good, data was normally distributed and agreement between test–retest measurements was high, while OS measurements had good repeatability and reliability, were not normally distributed but had good agreement between test–retest measurements. With healthy participants, no correlations between OCT and OS measurements were found (r = −0.14, p = 0.49 and r = 0.03, p = 0.89 for test and retest samples).Conclusion: The results for both procedures suggest that there is good reliability and repeatability within the macular region. Both methods can be used with confidence clinically and in future studies.

Criteria positive and criteria negative anaphylaxis, with a focus on undifferentiated somatoform idiopathic anaphylaxis: A review and case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Rosloff ◽  
Kunal Patel ◽  
Paul J. Feustel ◽  
Jocelyn Celestin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Idiopathic Anaphylaxis

Background: Undifferentiated somatoform (US) idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) is considered a psychogenic disorder characterized by a lack of observable physical findings and poor response to treatment. Although failure to diagnose true anaphylaxis can have disastrous consequences, identification of US-IA is crucial to limit unnecessary expenses and use of health care resources. Objective: To better define the presentation and understand the potential relationship between US-IA and underlying psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 110 visits by 107 patients to our institution for evaluation and management of anaphylaxis over a 1-year period. The patients were classified as having either criteria positive (CP) or criteria negative (CN) anaphylaxis based on whether they met Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network Symposium criteria for the clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Patient characteristics, including objective and subjective signs and symptoms, and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses were collected and analyzed. Statistical significance was assessed by using the Fisher exact test. A literature review of US-IA and other psychogenic forms of anaphylaxis was performed. Results: Patients with CP anaphylaxis were more likely to present with hypotension, wheezing, urticaria, and vomiting than were patients with CN anaphylaxis. The patients with CN anaphylaxis were more likely to present with subjective symptoms of sensory throat tightness or swelling compared with patients with CP anaphylaxis. No significant difference was detected in the prevalence of psychiatric conditions between the two groups. Conclusion: Patients who met previously established diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis were more likely to present with objective physical findings than those who did not meet criteria for true anaphylaxis. CN patients who presented for treatment of anaphylaxis were more likely to present with subjective symptoms. Formal diagnostic criteria should be used by clinicians when evaluating patients with suspected anaphylaxis.

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