Journal of Clinical Review & Case Reports

10.33140/jcrc ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Review ◽  
Case Reports

Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia: 2021 Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Motlaghzadeh ◽  
John P Bilezikian ◽  
Deborah E Sellmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Clinical Review ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
Search Terms

Abstract Context Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the etiologies in 90% of cases of hypercalcemia. When these entities are not the etiology of hypercalcemia, uncommon conditions need to be considered. In 2005, Jacobs and Bilezikian published a clinical review of rare causes of hypercalcemia, focusing on mechanisms and pathophysiology. This review is an updated synopsis of rare causes of hypercalcemia, extending the observations of the original article. Evidence Acquisition Articles reporting rare associations between hypercalcemia and unusual conditions were identified through a comprehensive extensive PubMed-based search using the search terms “hypercalcemia” and “etiology,” as well as examining the references in the identified case reports. We categorized the reports by adults vs. pediatric and further categorized the adult reports based on etiology. Some included reports lacked definitive assessment of etiology and are reported as unknown mechanism with discussion of likely etiology. Evidence Synthesis There is a growing understanding of the breadth of unusual causes of hypercalcemia. When the cause of hypercalcemia is elusive, a focus on mechanism and review of prior reported cases is key to successful determination of the etiology. Conclusions The ever-expanding reports of patients with rare and even unknown mechanisms of hypercalcemia illustrate the need for continued investigation into the complexities of human calcium metabolism.

scholarly journals Tracheo-Innominate Artery Fistula: Two Case Reports and a Clinical Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruya Komatsu ◽  
Terumasa Sowa ◽  
Takuji Fujinaga ◽  
Nobuhiro Handa ◽  
Hiroo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Innominate Artery

Osteoporosis Associated with the Treatment of Paraphilias: A Clinical Review of Seven Case Reports

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2002089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Grasswick ◽  
John M. W. Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Review ◽  
Case Reports

Case Reports Link ADHD Stimulants to Skin Eruptions

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
SHERRY BOSCHERT
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports
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