scholarly journals Diffusion of Innovative Water Atomization Technology to Conserve Water in Water Stress Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Water Atomization ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Clean water is a challenge in water stress semi-arid country like Botswana. All the perennial rivers are shared with river basins of neighbouring countries. Some of the ground water in aquifers are of fossil nature and remain without any recharge. The low rainfall and the increasing temperature increase further the scarcity of water. With the Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions (ASSAR), the impact of climate change due to Global warming for Botswana, it is estimated that the Limpopo Catchment (runoff) would decrease 26%, 36%, 46% and 56% under the global warming 1.5° C, 2° C, 2.5° C, and 3° C respectively. Hence water management is imperative in Botswana In managing water, demand management with price and non-price strategies, is the most abundantly used approach. In this respect, a recently emerged strategy is the application of water atomization technology. This research investigates the effectiveness of using water atomization technology at Botho University, as a large size consumer in Botswana and envisage further to scale up to a macro level in Botswana. At Botho University, having studied this as a case study project, it was found that the application of water atomization technology at micro level enables us to save 75% of water that was previously consumed. The installation of technology is a simple process and the payback period is shorter. Further, it was found that the projection for the application of the technology at macro level reflects that there would be a saving of water by 36 million kilolitres. Hence, it was recommended to have a marketing strategy based on principles of persuasion for diffusion of innovative technology to attract adopters, within a budgeted period of ten years. These findings and recommendations are significant not only for micro level application but also macro level application in the country for fulfilling the pledge taken by the country and corporate citizens with SDG 06: Clean Water for all and Sanitation & SDG 12: Responsible Consumption of 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). However, the study is subject to the limitation that assessing water savings expected from the water technology among various types of customers at macro level is dependent on high resolution water consumption data which is not publicly available.

Expansion Rehabilitation: An Empowering Conceptual Framework for Rehabilitation following Acquired Disability

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Newsome ◽  
Elizabeth Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
Acquired Disability ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

Rehabilitation counselling is in need of a conceptual framework that will distinguish it from the medical notion of restoration and will provide a theoretical base from which rehabilitation counsellors can operate. The current paper presents a model of dishabilitation that highlights the processes that occur following acquired disability and that must be considered in designing a rehabilitation programme. The model suggests that the goal of rehabilitation should be the expansion of opportunities rather than the restoration of functions or previous position. By providing rehabilitation counsellors with a suitable “macro”level conceptualisation of rehabilitation, this approach will enable counsellors to implement “micro”level techniques in a manner that will empower individuals. Because intervention is aimed at opportunity expansion rather than the pursuit of specific goals, this approach allows individuals to retain control and to develop positive perceptions of themselves with their disability. The approach is also more sensitive to the impact of acquired disability on social networks and suggests that opportunities for families must also be expanded.

scholarly journals Assessing the practical implementation of the EU’s values in EU–China dialogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Roger Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLiterature debating the role of the EU’s values in its external relations has neglected to adequately define and empirically explore the practical promotion or mainstreaming of these aspects in diplomatic dialogues with third countries, at the micro-level. Departing from an often abstract focus by scholars on policy outcomes at the macro-level, a concentration on micro-level processes enables an explanation of how value mainstreaming is actually taking place and the elements informing this. It encompasses the role of individual EU officials, the mechanisms guiding their activities, and the impact of interlocutors from third countries. Addressing this gap, this paper defines EU value mainstreaming and conducts a discourse analysis of a comprehensive sample of interviews with EU officials operationalising EU–China dialogues, arguably the hardest test case. It is found that value mainstreaming is rarely taking place in practice due to a nuanced combination of factors. These include EU officials’ perceived lack of responsibility for undertaking such activities, anticipated obstruction by Chinese interlocutors, and counterproductive mainstreaming approaches.

Use of Objective Safety Evidence to Deploy Automated Enforcement Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 726-735
Author(s):  
Shewkar Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Segments

Automated enforcement programs have been an important tool for improving traffic safety. Previous work provides strong evidence supporting the impact that these programs have on increasing safety either on a micro-level (e.g., road segments), or at a macro-level (e.g., neighborhood, city). In both cases, there are many variables that can influence and affect the safety impacts of the enforcement program. Additionally, there is a lack of understanding of how specific deployment parameters (e.g., how often to visit an enforcement site) can influence the overall safety on a macro-level (e.g., traffic analysis zone). The objective of this study is to quantify the impact that automated enforcement has on collisions on a macro-level as well as to develop models that would provide enforcement authorities with an empirical tool to help plan their deployment strategy. The results show that an increase in the number of tickets issued for exceeding the speed limit resulted in a decrease in collisions, for all collision severities. Moreover, the results also showed that collision reductions were also associated with spending a longer time enforcing a site for each visit. Quantifying these safety impacts supports decision makers by providing them with an opportunity to analyze the safety benefits in relation to their deployment strategy to maximize the efficiency of their resources.

scholarly journals INTENSIFICATION OF MIXING OF HETEROGENEOUS FOOD MIXTURES UNDER THE IMPACT OF ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Ivan Sevostyanov ◽  
Sergiy Kraevsky
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibrations ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Oscillations ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

There is known equipment for mixing of heterogeneous food mixtures analyzed in this article. Some part of this equipment provides qualitative mixing at macro-level (mixing of large portions of processed material), for example, paddle, propeller, turbine, anchor, screw, gravitation and drum mixers. Another part of mixing machines on the contrary, allows to achieve of effective micro-level mixing (mutual movements of adjacent particles of material) – vibratory and centrifugal mixers. In some cases there is important to provide well mixing both at macro- and at micro-level, when it is accompanied by thermal, diffusion or chemical processes and from its efficiency depend energy expenses and qualitative characteristics of product. Therefore, a task of elaboration of schemes of improved apparatuses for effective macro- and micro-mixing of dry and liquid multi-component food materials is resolved in the article. Authors are proposing to create these apparatuses at the base of well known equipment – gravitation and screw mixers by way of their additional equipping with serial electromagnetic vibro-exciters of ultrasonic oscillations. As a result, a main drive of a base mixer will provide working process at macro-level and an additional drive – micro-level movements of material particles. The proposed apparatuses have a simple and reliable construction, don’t consist of original parts and at the same time, provide necessary efficiency of working process. Equations of movements of processed components particles in course of their different loading stages, with examination of physical-mechanical properties of the components are also presented in the article. These equations can be used as a base for further creation of methods of design calculation of proposed apparatuses.

scholarly journals The Impact of Embeddedness on the Economic Performance of Firms

Ekonomika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jogaila Mačerinskas ◽  
Akvile Pakalnienė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the main existing notions of embeddedness and emphasizes its impact on the economic performance of a firm. Many scientists have been trying to elaborate this confusingly polyvalent concept, but still there is now a plethora of meanings and definitions of what embeddedness might be or consist of. Different distinctions between the dimensions and levels of embeddedness exist, the most popular among them being the micro and macro level distinction of embeddedness. In this paper, attention is focused on the micro level and the effects that embeddedness exerts on the performance of firms. The main positive and negative features of embeddedness in the economic performance of a firm are presented.

scholarly journals Вклад системы образования в решение проблемы социального неравенства

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Светлана Николаевна Цымбал
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the role of quality education in solving the problems of social inequality, polarization and marginalization of society. It characterizes the negative effects of exclusion of vulnerable groups of the population from public life. The article investigates the vulnerable groups in Ukraine: people with disabilities, residents of remote settlements, families with many children, separate groups of migrants, the poor. It discusses the causes of unequal access to quality education at the macro level and the micro level. At the macro level the educational system is analyzed as a whole, at the micro level the possibility of an individual is illuminated. The article deals with the impact of economic barriers to providing equal educational opportunities for all population groups in the education system. Special attention is paid to the system of events aimed at improving the quality of educational services, mitigation of social inequality, increased access of vulnerable populations to educational resources. The article substantiates the potential opportunities of free public access to all levels of quality education to improve the competitiveness of people in the labor market, and to improve the prospects of their socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Potassium fertilization improves growth, yield and seed quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress at different growth stages

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256075
Author(s):  
Javed Shabbir Dar ◽  
Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema ◽  
Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani ◽  
Shahnwaz Khuhro ◽  
Shahjahan Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Semi Arid

Water scarcity is a major concern for sunflower production in the semi-arid and arid regions of the world. Potassium (K) application has been found effective to alleviate the influence of drought stress; however, the impact of drought stress on seed quality of sunflower has not been reported frequently. Therefore, a field experiment was performed to determine the optimum K requirement for mitigating the adverse effects of water stress and improving growth and seed quality of spring-planted sunflower. Sunflower plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages, i.e., Io = no stress (normal irrigation), I1 = pre-anthesisi stress (irrigation skipped at pre-anthesis stage), I2 = anthesis stress (irrigation skipped at anthesis stage) and I3 = post-anthesis stress (irrigation skipped at post-anthesis stage). Potassium was applied at four different rates, i.e., Ko = 0, K1 = 50, K2 = 100 and K3 = 150 kg ha-1. The results revealed that water stress at pre- and post-anthesis stages significantly reduced plant height, head diameter, number of achenes, oleic acid contents, and phosphorus (P) uptake. However, pre-anthesis stress improved linoleic acid contents. Treatment IoK3 (stress-free with 150 kg ha-1 K) was optimum combination for 1000-achene weight, biological and achene yields, oil contents, protein contents, and N and P uptake. Results indicated that a higher amount of K and irrigation resulted in higher yield, whereas yield and yield components decreased with early-stage water stress. Nevertheless, potassium application lowered the impacts of waters stress compared to no application. Keeping in view these results, it is recommended that sunflower must be supplied 150 kg ha-1 K in arid and semi-arid regions to achieve higher yield and better seed quality.

Forgetting in Social Chains: The Impact of Cognition on Information Propagation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 390-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Drost-Lopez ◽  
Alin Coman
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
The Impact

AbstractListening to a speaker selectively practicing previously encoded information leads to better memory for the practiced information, but at the same time results in induced forgetting of related memories. These effects have been found to occur due to the concurrent, and covert, retrieval of information on the part of the listener. Using a modified version of the method of serial reproduction (Bartlett, 1932), this study explored the degree to which rehearsal and retrieval-induced forgetting effects propagated in 64 3-person-chains of connected participants. We manipulated the degree of concurrent retrieval from the part of the listener by activating high and low relational motivations during the listening task. We showed that the degree of propagation of retrieval-induced forgetting was larger when concurrent retrieval was activated (high-relational motivation) than when concurrent retrieval was attenuated (low-relational motivation). This study provides a framework that aims to bridge between micro-level cognitive phenomena and macro-level social dynamics.

Is technological change a devourer of jobs?

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

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