scholarly journals Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth. Conclusions: Refinement of qualified assistance in labor, oriented on individual needs contributes to improvement of perinatal care and perhaps compensates for other inconveniences. It is necessary to put achievements of modern medicine - in order to ensure maternal safety during childbirth but not to disrupt its natural process.

scholarly journals Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth. Conclusions: Refinement of qualified assistance in labor, oriented on individual needs contributes to improvement of perinatal care and perhaps compensates for other inconveniences. It is necessary to put achievements of modern medicine - in order to ensure maternal safety during childbirth but not to disrupt its natural process.

Childbirth Yesterday and Today: A Comparative Analysis of Women’s Experiences and Feelings through the Ages to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bączek ◽  
Joanna Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Delivery Rooms ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Perinatal care has undergone many changes over time. Therefore, women’s feelings and experiences will differ depending on the perinatal care provided at the time of childbirth. Time of childbirth and the perinatal care received are the main determinants in this process. However, one thing remains unchanged over time. Childbirth is considered one of the most notable events in the life of every woman.  The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of experiences and feelings shared by females giving birth in the past and the present in Poland. Material and methods: A questionnaire was designed specifically for this research project. It was a set of multiple choice (single answer) questions concerning childbirth conditions and perinatal care. Results were analyzed with a chi square test. Data was collected in 2016 in Poland. The questionnaire was distributed both in paper and electronic form. Results: The study group comprised of 671 females divided into three groups: childbirth before 2000, between 2001–2012, and after 2013. This time frame was associated with significant changes in perinatal care in Poland over the years. Changes in the delivery rooms have raised the comfort of childbirth, but progression of obstetrics resulted in greater medicalization of childbirth.

scholarly journals 1136. Trends in Speaker Representation at the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) IDWeek Conference, 2013-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S597-S597
Author(s):  
Jasmine R Marcelin ◽  
Rohan Khazanchi ◽  
Elizabeth Lyden ◽  
Kelly Cawcutt ◽  
Ravina Kullar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Program Committee ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Poster Sessions ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Over the last decade, there have been sustained efforts to diversify the healthcare workforce. In 2016, the IDWeek Program Committee was charged to ensure gender equity in speaker sessions. Whether this intervention also resulted in more opportunities for underrepresented speakers has not been determined. Methods This project was supported by IDSA, who provided demographic information on IDWeek speakers (excluding poster sessions) from 2013-2019. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and chi-square analysis evaluated changes over time. Each speaker slot was considered an independent event. Data was combined for 2013-2016 (≤2016) and 2017-2019 (>2016). IDSA membership demographics were available from 2014 for gender, race/ethnicity, from 2016 for age, and from 2018 for professional degree. Results A total of 3640 speaker slots were filled by 2504 individuals from 2013-2019. A larger proportion of speaker slots were filled by women >2016 (51%) vs ≤ 2016 (43%), with a linear increase from 38.6% in 2013 to 52.1% in 2019 (p< 0.001). Averaged across 2013-2019, IDSA membership was 67.5% White, 20.6% Asian, 7.7% Latinx, 3.9% Black, and 0.4% Other. IDWeek Speakers during that timeframe were 77.7% White, 13.9% Asian, 4.7% Latinx, 2.7% Black, and 1.0% Other; a larger proportion of slots were filled by Asian speakers >2016 (16.3%) vs ≤ 2016 (12.8%) (p=0.005). The proportion of pharmacist speakers increased over time; 5.1% of speakers in 2019 reflected IDSA pharmacist membership (5.4%). The proportion of individuals invited to speak more than once differed by age (19% in < 40yo, 28% 40-49yo, 32% 50-59yo, and 22% >60yo; p< 0.001), and professional degree (28% physicians, 18% pharmacists, 9% other doctorates, and 7% non-doctorate speakers; p< 0.001). Figure 1: Trends in Gender Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Figure 2: Trends in Race/Ethnicity Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Conclusion Intentional consideration of gender equity by the Program Committee significantly improved equitable gender representation of invited speakers at IDWeek. This effort has not resulted in increased diversity of invited speakers from groups underrepresented in IDSA membership. To ensure that invited speakers represent the membership of IDSA/IDWeek partner organizations and more importantly, the communities we serve, we call for continued application of the principles of Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity at IDWeek. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals 2512. Decreasing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy over 4 Years of Follow-up in a Commercially-Insured Population of Patients with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S872-S872
Author(s):  
Julie Priest ◽  
Rachel Bhak ◽  
Maral DerSarkissian ◽  
Cindy Garris ◽  
Alan Oglesby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Date ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Proportion Of Days Covered ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background This study compared yearly and longer term antiretroviral (ARV) adherence among HIV patients overall and by single-tablet regimens (STRs) vs. multi-tablet regimens (MTRs). Methods A retrospective study using Optum Clinformatics US-based claims data was conducted. Patients with an HIV-1 diagnosis during 2011–2017, age ≥ 18 years at index (date of first complete ARV regimen during the study period), and continuous enrollment for ≥ 3 months before index (baseline) and ≥ 12 months after index (observation) were included. MTRs were required to be comprised of 3 or more agents across at least 2 classes. Adherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) and compared using a Chi-square test. PDC was examined in the 1-year observation period for the overall analysis, and each year following index among patients with at least 4 years of continuous data. A subgroup analysis was conducted among patients with index during 2014–2016 to evaluate modern ARV adherence. Results Among the 15,153 included patients, median age was 45 years, the majority were male (88%), and 53% were in the South. At baseline, 58% (n = 8,715) were receiving an STR and 43% (n = 6,438) an MTR. Compared with STR patients, MTR patients had higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (36% vs. 29%), cardiovascular disease (27% vs. 21%), and hypertension (25% vs. 20%). During year 1, the proportion of patients with PDC ≥ 0.90 was 63% overall (Table 1), and greater for STR than MTR (67% vs. 58%, P < .001). Among patients with at least 4 years of observation, PDC ≥ 0.90 decreased over time (from 67% in year 1 to 53% in year 4). In the subgroup of patients with index during 2014–2016 (Table 2), similar but slightly worse trends were observed, with PDC ≥ 0.90 for 57% of patients overall, and decreasing over time for those patients with at least 3 years of observation (59% in year 1 to 42% in year 3). Conclusion Adherence in this population of patients with HIV showed room for improvement in the first year of observation overall and in the modern ARV era, with those receiving STRs having higher adherence when compared with those receiving MTRs. For the patients with 4 years of follow-up, adherence tended to decrease year on year. Maintaining high rates of ARV adherence is a critically important aspect of therapy for patients with HIV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Growth and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Ogus Binatli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates whether the relationship between income inequality and growth changes over time. Two time periods, covering 1970–1985 and 1985–1999, are analyzed and compared. A statistically significant relationship between inequality and growth in either time period fails to emerge. However, there are indications that effect of inequality on growth may be different in the nineties when compared to the seventies. In the literature, a consistent negative effect of inequality on growth is documented although the significance of the effect is open to debate. This paper also finds a negative effect of income inequality on growth in the seventies but, although statistically insignificant, a consistently positive effect in the nineties.

Treatment of Higher-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) by American Hematology-Oncology Providers (AHOP's): Changes in 1st-Line Treatment Preferences Over Time in Relation to Cytogenetics & Survival Data From Randomized Studies (2006–2010),

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 3816-3816
Author(s):  
James M. Foran ◽  
Michael G. Heckman ◽  
Michael E. Williams ◽  
Joanne Willey ◽  
Mark R. Green
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Risk Scenario ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Abstract 3816 Background: The hypomethylating agent (HMA) azacitidine (AZA) significantly improves survival compared to conventional care regimens for patients (pts) with “higher risk” MDS (including both Int-2 & High-Risk according to IPSS) (Lancet Oncol 10:223, 2009 – first presented Dec 2007); a more recent trial of the HMA decitabine (DEC) vs. best supportive care in pts with similar IPSS failed to show a significant survival advantage (JCO 29:1987, 2011 – first presented Dec 2008). Since 2006 the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide (LEN) has been FDA-approved for treatment of anemia in lower-risk MDS pts & deletion of chromosome 5q (Del5q). However, no phase III survival data have been presented with LEN in patients with higher risk MDS, nor is it an expert consensus 1st-line treatment recommendation in higher risk setting (NCCN Guidelines 2011). We sought to evaluate the change in 1st-line treatment preference with these 3 approved agents for higher risk MDS among AHOP's from 2006–2010 in relation to pertinent survival data as it became available. Methods: Between 2006–10 we studied time dependent prescribing preferences of n=1960 AHOP's in a prospective annual research series. Approx. 330–450 individual AHOP's participated in any given year. AHOP demographic data was available from 2007–10 (n=1510); they were predominantly male (77%), working in Community setting (79% vs. 21% Academic), & in small group practice (≤5 providers −59%, including 18% “solo practice”). All regions were represented (NE 23%; SE 22%; Central 19%; SW 13%; West 23%). Most (57%) were >10yrs out from training, and only 18% were <5yrs out from training. A total sample was studied using an extensively tested, live, case-based, market research vehicle to anonymously acquire data. AHOP's were presented with a scenario of an older pt with higher risk MDS (High-Risk 2006–09; Int-2 in 2010) & specific cytogenetic abnormalities, then indicated their preferred treatment from up to 10 relevant available/emerging 1st-line therapeutic options. In each, the scenario was of a pt age 63 yrs (2006–08) or 68–70 yrs (2009–10); with symptomatic anemia & pancytopenia; no response to darbepoietin; with RAEB-2 - excess Bone Marrow blasts 11% (2006–09) to 16% (2010); complex (2006–09) or normal cytogenetics (2010); and both without and then with Del5q in same scenario (2008–10). The distribution of treatment choices was compared over time & according to Del5q status using a chi-square test. Results are shown in Table below. In NON-Del5q scenario, a clear & significant shift toward greater AZA preference by almost 2-fold (from 40% to 78%) was apparent after 2007 (P<0.0001). For same scenario With Del5q (2008–2010), treatment preferences changed significantly over time (P<0.0001), with lower 1st-line AZA and greater DEC & LEN preference (the latter >40% after 2008). In addition, a marked and significant increase in 1st-line LEN preference was observed when AHOP's were presented with the same higher-risk scenario each yr but With-Del5q vs. NON-Del5q (p<0.0001). For “Non Del 5q” vs. “With Del 5q” scenarios, p-values result from a chi-square test, testing for any difference in the distribution of treatment choices over time. *(p<0.0001) - LEN With-Del5q vs. NON-Del5q in higher-risk scenario each year, 2008–2010. Conclusions: Significant changes in 1st-line treatment preferences of AHOPs for pts with higher-risk MDS are apparent in the findings from 2008–10, the time frame following the availability of randomized phase III data demonstrating a survival advantage for AZA therapy. When the presence of a Del5q abnormality is added to the same higher-risk scenario, treatment preferences change dramatically with a significantly increased preference for LEN (despite no available ph III survival data supporting this approach) and for DEC (despite a “negative” ph III trial). These findings suggest important educational gaps concerning the available phase III survival data supporting first line prescribing preferences for patients with higher risk MDS. Efforts to address this gap via evidence-based approaches are warranted. Disclosures: Foran: Celgene: Honoraria; Xcenda: Honoraria. Williams:Xcenda: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Independent DSMB member, Research Funding. Willey:Xcenda: Employment; Celgene: Business relationship; Eisai: Business relationship. Green:Xcenda: Employment; Celgene: Business relationship; independent DSMB; Eisai: Business relationship.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitude of People towards using Complementary and alternative medicine in Riyadh city - A questionnaire study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5164-5172
Author(s):  
Misfir Theeb Alqahtani ◽  
Abdul Bari Mohd ◽  
Tahani Mohammad Al Rahbeni
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Source Of Information

The practice of CAM use is influenced by , cultural and religious factor; it becomes essential to explore the prevalence and perception on a regular basis. Therefore, aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude of consumers towards Alternative Complementary Medicine in Riyadh city. A questionnaire based survey was carried out in Riyadh city from Dec. 2019 to April 2020 on the residents above 18 years. Details of type of CAM practiced and its source of information and questions on the perceptions of participants regarding use of CAM like Is it safe to use alternative medicine, Less expensive/ more effective than modern medicine were asked. The responses of perceptions were on 3 point scale-Agreed, neutral and disagreed. Chi-square test was applied to find association different types of and perceptions with demographic variables. A value of p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of (n=381) subjects responded to the questionnaire. Most of the study subjects reported social media (51%) as the main source of information for the and used herbal medicine (72.70%). Females and participants between 51-60 years showed significantly higher use of (p&lt;0.05). Almost 40.70% and 54.4% of the study participants agreed that the is safe and less expensive than modern medicine, respectively. Researches in the area of CAM by focusing each practice separately should be encouraged so that sufficient evidence exists to use or refute any CAM practice and physicians must advise patients to consult the respective experts and work in an integrated approach for the well-fare of the patients and the society.

Attitude Analysis Against Traditional and Complementary Medicine: An Application Specific to Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 3063-3068
Author(s):  
Nihangül Daştan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: In the ages when modern medicine did not exist yet, people developed some methods to treat their diseases with their own efforts. These treatment methods consist of empirical applications based on experience and knowledge developed in the light of centuries of experience and transferred from generation to generation. Although it lost its old effect and wide application area with the development of modern medicine, folk medicine still exists today. Aim: Examining the attitudes and behaviors of people towards modern and traditional medicine practices by taking demographic and individual differences as reference during the Covid-19 epidemic. The data set of this study was obtained through a questionnaire applied on 396 individuals living in Erzurum city center in 2021. Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (RACFA), Chi-square test, independent sample t test and ANOVA test were used within the scope of the study. Results: As the access to modern medicine increases and the learning styles of generations differ, the application dimension of traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) weakens. On the other hand, the level of satisfaction with modern medicine also changes in parallel with expectations. The significant relationships between the variables in the study findings focus on questions related to modern medicine. A significant relationship was found between the intellectual perspective to traditional and complementary medicine sub-dimension and the presence of people who had Covid-19 in the close circle of the participants. Conclusion: It has been determined that individuals see traditional and complementary medicine as complementary rather than an alternative to modern medicine, and although they have above-average theoretical knowledge, their application aspects are weak. Keywords: Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Folk Medicine, Covid-19, Attitude Analysis

Openings of Chinese telephone service encounters

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Telephone Service ◽  
Discursive Interaction ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Opening Phase ◽  
Over Time

Focusing on openings of telephone service encounters, this study utilizes two sets of comparable discourse data in Chinese collected in the same linguistic community more than a decade apart to explore discoursal style changes over time. The comparative analysis examines forms, tasks and discursive interaction of the opening phase oftelephone service encounters in Shanghai, China.Differences in opening routines over time are observed, which include the adoption of institutionalized, more elaborative expressions as well as increased range of interactional tasks performed (including greeting and business self-identification) in more recent data. The findings indicate that a shift may have taken place in business discursive practices in China; it is also suggested that the style of answering telephone calls by businesses or services, or first turn of Chinese telephone service encounters, may have been in the process of being reshaped, gaining certain distinctive institutional markers, thus making such interactions somewhat distinguishable from the pick-up style for non-institutional telephone interactions at home.

scholarly journals Contemporary linguistics of English language

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Fahreta Fijuljanin ◽  
Samina Dazdarević ◽  
Amela Lukač-Zoranić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Future ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The paper examines the influence of modern linguistics and the consequences of language reflection on both English language and global philology. A comparative analysis of preferences and lacks of traditional and modern linguistics represent a common view of the progress and the needs of the language. The paper aims to highlight several recent studies of modern linguists in the field of English linguistics such as Chomsky, Sapir, Halliday and Bloomfield as the representative of English speaking grammarians. Modern linguistics, as a set of different variations, raises the question of how and why language changes over time. It possibly may represent the basis for research on contemporary linguistics as a turning point for language change in the future, as well as the impact of society on language, change and universals.

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