scholarly journals Establishing the presence of vine thrips in vineyards of Sveti Ivan Zelina

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajač Živković ◽  
Ivana Miklečić ◽  
Darija Lemić
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Thrips Population ◽  
Generative Organs

The vine thrips feed on vegetative and generative organs of the grapevine and cause damage in production. At the beginning of vegetation it sucks on the grapevine shoots and so they lag behind in growth. Later, it feeds on the leaves, and spotted necrosis is observed at the sucking sites. Later light yellow leaf coloration can be seen. Attack signs can also be noticed on the berries and since there is usually aesthetic damage table grape varieties suffer the most. Although the pest has been present in Croatia since the 1980s, little is known about the flight dynamics and the population size of this species. This study investigated the catch dynamics and population size of vine thrips in two vineyards (Gradunje and Vrškojice) in the area of Sveti Ivan Zelina. The thrips population was monitored during the vegetation season of 2018 by fluorescent yellow sticky traps (Csalomon®). In both vineyards pest presence was established at the beginning of May, and the last catches were recorded in the second half of September. According to the catch dynamics, the pest develops three generations in the investigated vineyards, and the highest number of thrips was recorded in the phase of growth and development of berries. Given the established thrips populations, its control is recommended, and in Croatia for this purpose only insecticide based on the active substance spinetoram has been registered.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids and gibberellic acid: effects on in vitro pollen germination in grapevine

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Zeliha Gokbayrak ◽  
Hakan Engin
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;">Many physiological processes related to plant growth and development are under the influence of growth regulators, which also have an impact on pollen germination. In this study, the effects of two brassinosteroid compounds, epibrassinolide and 22S,23S-homobrassinolide, and gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) on <em>in vitro</em> pollen germination of two table grape cultivars, ‘Italia’ and ‘Cardinal’ (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.), were determined. A total of 28 treatments, alone and in combination, were applied to freshly collected pollens which were sown on a basic medium with 1% agar and 20% sucrose. Petri dishes were kept at 26±1°C for 24 hours. Counting of the germinated pollens revealed that the effects of these plant hormones were cultivar- and substance-specific. The cultivar ‘Italia’ was not influenced by the treatments (the highest germination ratio being 44.4% from 0.001 mg L<sup>-1</sup> epibrassinolide) as opposed to the cultivar ‘Cardinal’. The highest germination ratio in ‘Cardinal’ was about 50% in pollens treated with 25 mg L<sup>-1</sup> GA<sub>3</sub> + 0.01 mg L<sup>-1</sup> epibrassinolide. The control group resulted in 32.38% germination. Combining GA<sub>3</sub> with epibrassinolide provided slightly higher germination ratios compared to combining GA<sub>3</sub> with 22S,23S-homobrassinolide. </p>

scholarly journals Estimating technical efficiency of Chinese table grape wholesalers

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 1670-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Jiao ◽  
Zetian Fu ◽  
Weisong Mu ◽  
Xiaoshuan Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Grape Varieties

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the technical efficiency of Chinese table grape wholesalers and subsequently to examine the degree to which the calculated efficiency correlates with a set of explanatory variables. Design/methodology/approach – A two-stage procedure is applied in this paper. First, a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is applied to investigate the degree of technical efficiency for Chinese table grape wholesalers. Second, Tobit regression is used to analyze the factors influencing technical efficiency. Findings – Research results reveal that the mean technical efficiency of the sample is 0.544 and 0.860 under constant returns scale (CRS) and VRS assumptions, respectively, and the scale efficiency (SE) is 0.620. The variables of experiences, number of grape varieties on sale, daily selling volumes and fixed sale ratio have a significant effect on technical efficiency, while the other exogenous variables do not affect the efficiency in any significant way. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this research are specific to table grape wholesalers in China, however, the method used in this study is transferrable and applicable to the study of similar problems in others countries. Originality/value – This research has yielded some interesting and original insights into the efficiency level of Chinese grape wholesalers and the factors that influence the level of efficiency. The findings have practical implications for Chinese agriculture policy makers, and are able to stimulate further research of a similar type in the international agricultural research community.

scholarly journals Physiological and Anatomical Differences and Differentially Expressed Genes Reveal Yellow Leaf Coloration in Shumard Oak

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Dong ◽  
Libin Huang ◽  
Qingsheng Chen ◽  
Yunzhou Lv ◽  
Hainan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Leaf Coloration

Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckley) is a traditional foliage plant, but little is known about its regulatory mechanism of yellow leaf coloration. Here, the yellow leaf variety of Q. shumardii named ‘Zhongshan Hongjincai’ (identified as ‘ZH’ throughout this work) and a green leaf variety named ‘Shumard oak No. 23’ (identified as ‘SO’ throughout this work) were compared. ‘ZH’ had lower chlorophyll content and higher carotenoid content; photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also lower. Moreover, the mesophyll cells of ‘ZH’ showed reduced number of chloroplasts and some structural damage. In addition, transcriptomic analysis identified 39,962 differentially expressed genes, and their expression levels were randomly verified. Expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related glumly-tRNA reductase gene and Mg-chelatase gene were decreased, while pheophorbide a oxygenase gene associated with chlorophyll degradation was up-regulated in ‘ZH’. Simultaneously, carotenoid isomerase gene, z-carotene desaturase gene, violaxanthin de-epoxidase gene and zeaxanthin epoxidase gene involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were up-regulated in ‘ZH’. These gene expression changes were accompanied by decreased chlorophyll content and enhanced carotenoid accumulation in ‘ZH’. Consequently, changes in the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll could be driving the yellow leaf coloration in Q. shumardii.

Direct multiplex PCR for grapevine genotyping and varietal identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Migliaro ◽  
Giacomo Morreale ◽  
Massimo Gardiman ◽  
Sara Landolfo ◽  
Manna Crespan
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Simple Sequence

Grapevine cultivar identification is based mainly on two complementary methodologies: microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) DNA analysis and traditional ampelography. Here, we report a direct multiplex PCR approach that allows the simultaneous amplification of 11 SSR loci from crude samples, i.e. bypassing DNA extraction, by using an engineered DNA polymerase improved to tolerate plant PCR inhibitors. Many different plant tissues were successfully amplified: leaf, root, wood, berry flesh and skin, stalk and must, from wine and table grape varieties, and rootstocks. The direct multiplex PCR that we propose is quicker and cheaper than the methodologies used until now, and provides accurate results. Thus, SSR DNA analysis becomes economically more accessible to a larger number of potential users in addition to research institutes.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING AND HUMIDITY CONTROL TO EXTEND THE STORAGE LIFE OF GRAPE VARIETIES GROWN IN EASTERN UNITED STATES - A COMPARATIVE STUDY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1139d-1139
Author(s):  
Albert F. Elboudwarej ◽  
Robert C. Herner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Storage Characteristics

In 1987, 1988, and 1989, the behavior of four different table grape varieties including Alden, Concord, Himrod, and Vanessa were studied during storage at 0°C.The first objective of our study was to determine the behavior of table grapes in modified atmosphere packages in terms of general acceptance. After three years of experimenting with these three films we were able to obtain a modified atmosphere of about 3% O2 and 10-15% CO2 at 0°C using a 3 mil thickness LDPE.Our second objective was to use moisture absorbents as a means of reducing the relative humidity inside the void volume of a package by the inclusion of different desiccants in the package to establish a desirable relative humidity.Examining different storage characteristics, our data showed that `Himrod', `Vanessa', and `Concord' grape clusters stored in the presence of KNO3 and KCl had better quality compared to grape clusters stored in the presence of other sorption compounds or controls with no sorbants.

scholarly journals Grape cultures in Greece

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Христос Димитриос Пасхалидис ◽  
Димитрис Панаетис Петропулос ◽  
Ставрос Сотириос Сотиропулос ◽  
Пантелей Константинович Заманидис ◽  
Лукас Димитриос Папаконстантину ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Table Grape ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Western Greece

Приводятся данные по истории развития виноградарства в Греческой Республике. В 2015 году общая площадь под виноградниками составляла 103,082 га, насчитывалось 188,873 крестьянских хозяйств. Сегодня отмечается тенденция к снижению площадей в связи с квотированием продукции со стороны ЕС. Большинство плантаций находятся на Пелопоннесе - 25,554 га, на острове Крит - 22,554 га и в западной Греции - 16,446 га. Виноградники для производства вин категории DOP (Protected Denomination of Origin) находятся на Пелопоннесе (3,603 га) и для производства вин категории IGP (Protected Geographical Indication) - в центральной Греции (6,202 га) Культивируется в основном два сорта сухого кишмиша Корианфиаки (черный) и Султанина (светлый). Средний урожай столовых сортов винограда с 1 га составляет 74,3 ц. Биологическое сельское хозяйство ведется на площади свыше 3,685 га, что составляет 4% от общей площади. В Греции большинство крестьян, вне зависимости от того, какая возделывается культура, имеют в своей собственности в среднем по 3,5 га. Греция намного отстает по виноградным площадям от таких стран как Испания и Франция и находится на одном из последних мест. Выращивание винограда сталкивается со значительной нехваткой передовых технологий, сложностями в решении организационных и маркетинговых вопросов. Затрудняет модернизацию виноградарских ферм их небольшой размер. Увеличение сельскохозяйственных угодий могло бы способствовать улучшению использования технологического оборудования и инфраструктуры, создавая благоприятные условия для производства продукции и ее экспорта. The article presents data on the history of development of viticulture in the Hellenic Republic. The total area of vineyards in 2015 was 103,082 ha and consisted of 188,873 farms. Today we notice the acreage reducing trend due to the assignment of quotas for products from the side of EU. Most of plantations are located on the Peloponnesus - 25,554 ha, on the Crete island - 22,554 ha and in western Greece - 16,446 ha. Vineyards for production of wines of DOP category ( Protected Denomination of Origin ) are located in the Peloponnesus (3,603 ha) and for the production of wines of IGP category ( Protected Geographical Indication) in central Greece (6,202 ha). Two main varieties of sultana raisin ‘Korianfiaki’ (black-berry) and ‘Sultanina’ (white-berry) are cultivated. The average yield of table grape varieties is 74,3 c/ha. Biological agriculture is conducted on the territory over 3,685 ha, amounting 4% of the total area. Most of farmers in Greece, regardless the culture of cultivation, on average possess the land square of 3,5 ha each. Greece is far behind the vineyards of such countries as Spain and France and takes one of the last places. Grape growing faces a significant lack of modern technologies, difficulties in solving organizational and marketing questions. The problem of modernization is caused by small size of vineyards. The increase in agricultural acreage could help to improve the use of technological equipment and infrastructure, creating favorable conditions for production and export.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document