scholarly journals Demografia polityczna i możliwości dla polityki pronatalistycznej w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 65-91
Author(s):  
Mateusz Łakomy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Government

Political demography links demographic findings with public policies aimed at achieving state goals. Current challenge of population aging causes threat to internal financial stability and well-being of the elderly. Aging also questions countries’ international position due to possibly reduced financial capability to maintain geopolitical power, and in extreme situation of lowest low fertility also due to continuous, unstoppable decline in the population size. In case of Poland, aging alone would result in almost doubling expenditure on pensions and healthcare. To respond to social and geopolitical challenges, the government should primarily focus on policies aimed at stimulating births. To foster pronatalist policies, factors affecting fertility may be grouped into five categories: economic, cultural, psychological, infrastructural and unplanned. All these factors influence childbearing behaviour simultaneously. Some of them constitute barriers to fertility (which need to be eliminated) and the others facilitate fertility (and they need to be strengthened). The barriers include financial constraints, individualistic values, financial insecurity, union instability, insufficient support network and lack of family-friendly employment. Identified facilitators in turn include pension system linking benefits with number of children (family pension system) and family-oriented aspirations and values with religion as a vital ingredient. Father commitment to family life impacts both as facilitator and by eliminating barriers.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE SOLIDARITY PENSION SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
О. Сhebereyako ◽  
◽  
V.. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Accumulation System ◽  
The Government

The article is devoted to actual issues of public finance – old-age income support and social security in the twenty-first century. For this reason, government has tried to guarantee old-age’s pension eligibility. In our country pension system is presented with three-level pension system, which join mandatory and voluntary components – solidary system (first level), compulsory accumulation system (not exist now) and private pension system. According to Ukrainian’s pension model, basic and minimum pensions are funded by solidary system or PAYG (“Pay-As-You-Go”) system. As the results, maintains of sufficient financial resources of Pension fund’s budget is very important for financial stability of pension system. The authors show the relationship between sufficient financial support for the elderly in Ukraine and the financial capacity of the solidarity pension system. It was found that in order to form a financially stability pension system, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient amount of own pension fund revenues and avoiding deficit of the Pension Fund’s budget. So, the main indicators of current PAYG system in Ukraine include the public pension expenditures and deficit of the Pension Fund. The article presents dynamics of revenues to the Pension Fund of Ukraine and structure of own pension fund revenues and allocations from the government budged. According to author’s research, the main source of revenue collection of the Pension fund’s budget in Ukraine is the budget’s transfers. О. Чеберяко, В. Бикова ISSN 2078-5860 ФОРМУВАННЯ РИНКОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В УКРАЇНІ. 2019. Вип. 41 480 The budget expenditures in the structure of income of the pension fund are also analyzed. The total amount of the government budget expenditures that are directed to financing the pension fund are about twenty percent. In our opinion, the key reasons of the “lack of own income” are the shadowing of the economy, the macroeconomic situation, the low minimum wage, the existence of a limit on the maximum amount of wages, which accrues percent of social contribution. As a conclusion, the authors suggest measures for solving the issue of “lack of own income” of the Pension Fund of Ukraine – rising the retirement age, labor market’s reforming, increasing insurance fees and implement compulsory accumulation system. The analytical materials and conclusions can be useful for following researches of finding solutions for achieving the financial stable Pay-You-Go system. Key words: pension system, The Pension fund, social insurance payments, deficit of The Pension fund, government budget.

scholarly journals Impacts of Social Participation on Self-Rated Health of Aging Women in China: With a Mediating Role of Caring for Grandchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5790
Author(s):  
Shuliu Tian ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Xiangling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Aging Women ◽  
The Government

Population aging is a global challenge and the degree of population aging is continuing to deepen in China. Under the active aging policy framework by WHO, great importance has been attached to aging women and participation is emphasized for the well-being of the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the relation between social participation and self-rated health status of aging women in China and whether caring for grandchildren mediated such an association. Adopting data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study used Oprobit regression, propensity score matching (PSM), and instrument variable regression to estimate the effects. The result showed that there was a positive association between social participation and self-rated health among aging women in China, and social activities that directly made contributions to others had the most significant impacts on self-rated health. Furthermore, the mediator analysis confirmed that caring for grandchildren played a role between social participation and self-rated health. In conclusion, to deal with population aging challenges, the society should recognize the value of intergenerational care for aging women and the government need to strengthen policy supports to guarantee platforms and opportunities for the elderly to participate in social activities.

scholarly journals Social and medical aspects of elderly age: obesity and professional longevity

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Leskova ◽  
Natalya V. Mazurina ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Dmitry N. Ermakov ◽  
Elena A. Didenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Government

The article raises the problem of the population aging and the expected significant increase in the proportion of the elderly population in Russian in the next 1015 years. Population aging will cause the need to attract additional financial resources for pensions to 1214% of GDP, which is approximately 1.5 1.6 times more than is provided for by the program of the Government of Russia aimed at improving the pension System in the period until 2025. The existing pension system and social security system only partially takes into account the aging process. Mechanisms for adapting the elderly to work have not yet been created, a well-thought-out state policy in this area has yet to be developed. In addition, the aging of the population leads to an increase in the older age groups of the risks of diseases with severe and catastrophic consequences, to prevent and reduce which is the number one task before the social policy of the state for this population group. The costs of medical care and care help are exorbitant in scope for the vast majority of retirees, so the elderly remain virtually defenseless against the risks of old age. It is emphasized that before medicine the task is not simply to increase life expectancy, but to prolong the labor activity of a citizen. The article suggests measures to improve the policy of interaction between state institutions and civil society in overcoming the negative consequences of aging and social adaptation of older persons.

scholarly journals Keberkesanan Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) di bawah Dasar Warga Emas Negara

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORAIDA IBRAHIM ◽  
ZARINA MAT SAAD ◽  
FATIMAH ZAILLY AHMAD RAMLY
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Person ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Population aging is a phenomenon that will hit Malaysia in the 21st century. According to the United Nations (UN) in a report issued in 2007, older person in Malaysia are expected to increase from 7 percent to 14 percent in 2030 within 28 years as opposed to the country Sweden, which took 112 year for the same change. Recognizing this, the Government has formulated the National Policy for the Elderly in 1995. Later this policy and plan has been improved on 5 January 2011 as a Dasar Warga Emas Negara (DWEN). Older Person Activity Center (PAWE) is a development program that has been established under DWEN program since 2001. The establishment of PAWE seen as an alternative to address the issues and challenges of older persons in the present and future. A survey was conducted to see effectiveness PAWE to level of wellbeing among 78 elderly people who were present at the following activities PAWE located at Selangor. This study uses interview and convinience sampling technique. Results show that the respondents level of wellbeing is at a high level and prove effectiveness PAWE can help well-being of the older persons in Malaysia. This directly helps the government to improve the programs in PAWE.  

Social Support and Well-Being: Preliminary Indicators Based on Two Samples of the Elderly

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Levitt ◽  
Toni C. Antonucci ◽  
M. Cherie Clark ◽  
James Rotton ◽  
Gordon E. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Supportive Relationships ◽  
Two Samples

The structure of social support and its relation to health, affect, and life satisfaction are compared for two samples of the elderly. The first is a national representative sample; the second is a distressed sample from South Miami Beach. Although there are similarities in the structure of social support across the two groups, those in the Miami Beach sample report fewer support figures, and far fewer within geographic proximity, than do those in the national sample. This comparative network impoverishment is particularly marked for male respondents and is accentuated by a high number of isolates in this group. In addition, stronger relationships are found between support network size and affect, and among affect, life satisfaction, and health in the South Miami Beach sample. Older men in poor health and without supportive relationships are targeted as a particularly high risk subgroup. The discussion includes a focus on personal, situational, and life span differences related to variations in support and well-being and a consideration of implications for more recent waves of elderly sun-belt migrants.

scholarly journals Investigating the business performance on the financial well-being of the Government retirees

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Abdul Mutalib Embong ◽  
Norzamziah Afzainizam ◽  
Mariati Norhashim ◽  
Amirsaman Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Population ageing; where there is growth in the percentage of older persons in the population; is becoming a worldwide phenomenon due to better healthcare and lower birth rates. The phenomenon of population ageing brings with it both challenges and opportunities. The challenges of an ageing population include social, health and economic support of the elderly. Malaysia is recognizing the need to address this issue of financially supporting an ageing population. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the impact of business on the financial well-being (FWB) of the ageing, specifically the government retirees. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among retirees who were in business throughout Malaysia that employed a cross sectional design. Forty-one respondents were successfully interviewed. Statistical procedures for the analyses included descriptive analysis and a profile analysis using scatterplot on the perceived business performance vs financial well-being. The survey revealed that the majority of the respondents operated business in the services, trade or retail industries which were set up and fully owned by themselves. Resource wise, the majority had very low financial capital, human capital and social capital. The study provides some empirical evidence that the retirees in business may be categorized into opportunity driven and necessity driven groups. The paper concludes that there is a need to find alternative income generation methods for the necessity driven group. Making paid work accessible to the elderly must be urgently put on the national agenda.

scholarly journals Polityka społeczna wobec ludzi starych w Polsce — uwarunkowania, rozwój i kierunki zmian

Ekonomia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sylwia Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Human And Social Capital

Social policy toward old people in Poland — conditions, development and directions of changesSocial policy shapes people’s living conditions. In the era of dynamic demographic changes, especially the aging of the population observed in Poland and across the world, the activity of the state focused on improving the quality of life of the elderly is particularly important. Population aging is a demographic process of increasing the proportion of older people while reducing the proportion of children in the society of a given country. Elderly people will continue to be a part of society, mainly due to the progress of civilization, advances in modern medicine and the popularization of so-called healthy living.Social policy toward the elderly should not be limited to managing the social security system and social welfare. Eff ective use of human and social capital of the elderly will be a growing challenge for this policy, and for senior citizens — spending satisfactorily the last years of one’s life. However, for some senior citizens, old age means or will mean poverty and living on the margins of civil society. The Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Polic y is responsible for the social policy of people in Poland, off ering for example in the years 2014–2020 to senior citizens such programs as “Senior +”, the Government Program for Social Activity of the Elderly ASOS or “Care 75+.” Each of the above programs have appropriate criteria that must be met to be able to use them. Are older people eager to use them, or are the eff ects of these programs already visible? This study will attempt to answer the above questions. The main purpose of the article is to diagnose and analyze selected government programs targeted at older people. In addition, perspectives for changes in social policy toward older people in Poland will be determined.

scholarly journals Awareness and Availment of Benefits of Senior Citizens in A Highly Urbanized City

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-160
Author(s):  
Louieze Gerald C. Gerolin ◽  
Anabelle S. Palic
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Social Pension ◽  
The Relationship

Republic Act (RA) 9994, otherwise known as the Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2010, was enacted into law to provide more benefits to the elderly and deliver full support to their well-being (Inabangan et al., 2019). The benefits are essential as most of them no longer hold jobs, and financial stability can be challenging if not fatal. The current laws and policy provisions on food and medicine discount and the granting of a social pension to underprivileged senior citizens are only palliatives at best. However, they stretch the limited incomes of these individuals and their supporting families who live below the poverty level. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of awareness and extent of availment on the benefits under RA 9994 of senior citizens in a highly urbanized city of Negros Occidental as well as the relationship between awareness and availment. Likewise, explore the challenges encountered by senior citizens in availing their benefits under RA 9994.

FACTORS AFFECTING WATER AVAILABILITY AT HOUSE HOLD LEVEL A CASE STUDY OF QUETTA BALOCHISTAN

Al-Burz ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Shaheen Usman Kakar ◽  
Dr. Mumtaz Ali Baloch ◽  
Dr. Shahida Habib
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sanitation Systems

  Water is of basic substance for Human development, the water brought environment, economy, civilization, livelihood provisions and well being for the society. Comprehensively understanding factors affecting the availability of water for household the water consumption behavior are required to be designed for efficient and effective water uses. To address the issue we randomly investigated 200 households in five different populated towns of Quetta city. The primary data was collected through household questionnaire survey and observation. On the other hand, secondary data included books, journal articles and websites. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that type of family, monthly income, major source of water, presence of garden at household and responsible factor of water shortage are significantly correlated with water availability. The survey concludes that the available water resources provided by the government are not enough for the daily household usage resultantly the respondents struggle hard to managed alternative water resources as per their requirement. The paper recommend to bring  awareness for the public sector about their right to water and provision of water sources is core responsibly of Government, especially to draw a policy for new constructions of water resources or by the remodeling of water and sanitation systems.

scholarly journals Does the New Rural Pension System Promote Farmland Transfer in the Context of Aging in Rural China: Evidence from the CHARLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Qingyuan Yang ◽  
Liangjie Xin ◽  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The lack or instability of the pension system for the elderly in rural China has become a paramount obstacle for sustainable land transfer, namely land use right transfer among farmers, in the context of aging. The New Rural Pension System (NRPS), a pilot project that provided basic security for the elderly, was implemented in 10% of counties in 2009 and rapidly promoted nationwide in China. This study evaluates the impact of NRPS on farmland transfer by developing econometric models by employing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2015. The participation rate in NRPS increased from 25.87% in 2011 to 80.85% in 2015, and the participation rate in farmland transfer rose from 11.56% to 24.04%. Everything else being held equal, the probability of farmers who transferred out their land increased by approximately 13% and the land area has been transferred increased by 11.2% due to participation in NRPS, indicating that the NRPS improved the operation efficiency of land rental market. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis showed that the probability and area mentioned above had a significant upward trend with the increase of the time and insured amount of participation in NRPS, which reduced dependence on farmland for the elderly and promoted the sustainability of land transfer. The government should further encourage farmers to increase the coverage and insured amount of pension system in the context of aging. Meanwhile, a platform to promote land transfer should be established to provide information about land supply and demand and reduce the transaction cost of land rental market.

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