scholarly journals Evaluation of Traveling Parameters in Parallel Long-Distance Public Transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
A Current

The ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in Hungarian long-distance public transport is a current problem. Long term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport require a balanced transport policy. These subsectors need to complement each other, not compete. The parallel bus and railway links, which are present in most relations of Hungary, can result in a competition. This research analyze traveling parameters (distance and time) in case of parallel long-distance transport systems and evaluate them with a mathematical method for long term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. This investigation's hypothesis is to define difference segments of optimization gear to travel time and travel distance.

scholarly journals Sustainability Analysis of Competition in Public Transport Systems: A Comparative Case Study in Hungary and Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Time Of Travel ◽  
A Current

Ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in European (especially in the middle, south and east part) regional passenger transport is a current problem. Long term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport requires a balanced transport policy. These subsectors need to be complement each other, not compete. The parallel bus and railway links can result in a competition. This research explores solutions to this issue for long term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. Some of the important factors include the number of inhabitants to be served, public transport availability, and efficiency in time of travel for vehicles and passengers. To ensure long term sustainability of the presented methodology, the effect of interventions was analyzed. The study compares Finland and Hungary in terms of the competition regional railway and bus links.

scholarly journals Analytical, Logit Model-based Examination of the Hungarian Regional Parallel Public Transport System

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Current

The ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in the Hungarian regional passenger transport is a current problem, because these subsectors need to complement each other, instead of being in the government-funded competition. Long-term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport require a balanced transport policy. The parallel bus and railway links, which are present in all regions of Hungary can result in competition. This research explores the solutions to this issue for long-term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. An objective index and interventions developed in previous studies have been applied here. This investigation is to validate the objective index and the interventions by using the Logit model.

scholarly journals Timetable synchronisation: Urban public transport in busy hubs of long-distance transport

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Josef Bulíček
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Synchronization Problem ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Excel Solver ◽  
Main Station ◽  
Distance Transport

The article is focused on timetable synchronization problem. Interconnection of urban public transport and long-distance transport in busy hubs is researched. Intension is to find adequate time positions of urban public transport arrivals and departures with an effort to minimize passengers’ time loss related to this interchange. Timetable of long distance transport is considered as constant (given). Timetable of urban public transport is result of optimization (and presupposed to be periodic). Nonlinear integer mathematical programming model is formulated. Model is implemented in Microsoft Excel Solver. Parallel way based on exhaustive-search algorithm is introduced as well. This algorithm provides extended set of output data able to be used in transport planning. Two different criterions are proposed. Each interchange (pair of vehicles) has the same weight in the case of uniform approach. Intensity approach considers interchanges as weighted by numbers of interchanging passengers. Some additional modifications of proposed model are mentioned for possibility to regard some important technological aspects and to reach more individualized solution. Model is illustrated by the case study located to Pardubice main station as a hub of passenger railway transport. Interface with urban public transport is mentioned as an illustrational example of synchronization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of energy efficiency of the long distance energy transport systems for renewable energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
S.P. Popov ◽  
O.A. Baldynov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport

This article describes the systems of long-distance transport of energy from renewable energy sources. A comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of energy complexes in the transport of energy analysis is performed carriers such as electricity and hydrogen in a liquefied and chemically bound state.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Long-Term Cold Storage and Preservatives on Senescence of Cut Herbaceous Peony Flowers

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Ewa Skutnik ◽  
Julita Rabiza-Świder ◽  
Agata Jędrzejuk ◽  
Aleksandra Łukaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Distance Transport

Recently peonies have become very popular cut flowers. As peony flowering period is short, long term cold storage could assure its prolonged supply and make long distance transport feasible. The effect of dry cold storage, of 8-hydroxyquinoline and nanosilver preservatives on the peony keeping qualities were tested on the most popular cultivar ‘Sarah Bernhardt’. The 12 week storage (0–1 °C) shortened flower longevity by 20%, to 8 days and no vascular blockages in the shoots were observed. However, the presence of callose, not considered as a blocking factor, was evident. The sucrose-containing preservatives with either 8-hydroxyquinoline or nanosilver did not extend the flower longevity but they increased flower diameters in both fresh and stored material. Generally, the soluble total and reducing sugars increased in senescing flowers in both non-stored and stored flowers, and they were lower after storage. The free proline increased ca. 20-times during cold storage and at the end of the vase life it remained generally higher in the stored than in fresh flowers. The level of hydrogen peroxide dropped after 12 weeks storage and its contents at the end of the vase life differed depending on the holding solution. Generally it was lower after storage. Storage increased the catalase activity which remained on higher levels in stored flowers from all holding solutions as compared to freshly cut flowers. A five-fold reduction in the peroxidase activity occurred during storage but its activities at the end of the vase life were similar in stored and non-stored flowers. The effects of nanosilver and 8-hydroxyquinoline were similar.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

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