scholarly journals Analysis of Smart Zone Heating in Different Heating Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Peter Buday
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Internal Partition ◽  
Partition Structure ◽  
The Individual

The basic concept in the design of buildings with zero energy consumption is, in addition to high-quality thermal properties of the building envelope, also a correct and efficient system of heating and hot water preparation in residential buildings. One of the basic concepts when designing heating systems is a zone heating system. It is a system that brings effective regulation according to heating zones. In practice, the question sometimes arises as to whether zone regulation of individual rooms in small family houses is necessary. That is whether in such buildings, zone heating is not an unnecessary investment cost. In this paper, we analyze the effect of zone heating in two types of heat transfer systems on the internal operating temperature in the individual analyzed zones, which are interconnected by an internal partition structure. It is a verification that even in smaller spaces, zone heating has a significant potential for energy savings.

scholarly journals Application of Neural Networks for Control of District Heating \ Wykorzystanie Sieci Neuronowych Do Regulacji W Ciepłownictwie

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Chmielnicki
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Control ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract The annual usage of heat for the demand of heating systems in municipal sector has been estimated as about 650PJ. It is mostly addressed for the demand of central heating systems and hot water consumption. The mode of adopted solutions concerning regulation and control, as well as energy management system, essentially influence its consumption. In the case of residential buildings, the costs of energy constitute the greatest share related to the total cost of building maintenance. Providing buildings with modern digital systems for control and regulation of heating installations is a basic condition enabling their rational usage. In currently employed solutions, algorithms PI or PID are usually applied. However, due to the non-linear properties of heating control systems, they do not secure proper quality. The sequences are often unstable and major control deviations occur. The application of neural networks is an alternative solution to those presently employed. They are especially recommended for adaptive control of non-stationary systems. Such cases occur in heating objects since they demonstrate non-linear properties with a great range of variability of parameters; this especially refers to district heating equipped with flux-through heat exchangers. In this paper, a compile model of heating system control aided by neural networks is presented. The results of the investigation clearly prove the usefulness of such solutions, cause the quality of control is much better than that one applied in traditional systems. Presently, works on the implementation of the proposed solutions are under way.

Analysis of Green Building Design in the Northeast Cold Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 976-979
Author(s):  
Hui Xing Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guo Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water System ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Conditions

Green residential building is energy conservation, environmental protection, healthy and comfortable and stress efficiency. Green building respects the local natural and humanities, climate. Adjust measures to local conditions, use local materials, so there is no definite construction patterns and rules. In this paper a green residential buildings from Shenyang, focus on the analysis of the well insulated building envelope, radiant floor heating system with control system, solar hot water system in the building. At the same time, analysis of the energy saving technology can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions compare with "Residential building energy saving design standards "at Liaoning area. The project gives some experience to other designers in the process of green buildings design and promotes it constructed in the northeastern regions.

scholarly journals Refurbishment and electrification in the hotel sector: four hotels in the historic centre of Rome

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Giada Romano ◽  
Francesco Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
The Eu

According to the European Renovation Wave, the European building stock is obsolete and changes very slowly: more than 220 million housing units and 85-95% of the existing buildings will still be in use in 2050 and are absolutely not energy efficient. To cut emissions by 55% by 2030, the EU should reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings by 60%, their final energy consumption by 14% and energy consumption for heating and cooling by 18%. It is therefore urgent for the EU to focus on making buildings more energy efficient, less carbon intensive throughout their life cycle and more sustainable. From this framework comes the need for an adaptation not only of residential buildings but also of hotel facilities, which, on a national scale, make up about 45% of the accommodation facilities. In particular, the offer of accommodation facilities must be constantly adequate and the structures must be upgraded so that they always remain usable and comply with current regulations from the accessibility, seismic-structural and energy point of view. In this research, four hotels located in the historic centre of Rome have been analysed as case studies. Starting from an analysis of the current state, a series of interventions on the building envelope and systems have been studied, evaluating energy savings and the reduction of polluting emissions. With regard to the systems, the total electrification of the heating and domestic hot water preparation systems has been hypothesised, with the introduction of storage systems, also in view of participation in Demand Response programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Energy Efficiency in Thermally Improved Residential Buildings, with a Weather Controlled Central Heating System. A Case Study in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8430
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Cieśliński ◽  
Sylwester Tabor ◽  
Tomasz Szul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Made In

Optimization of energy consumption and related energy efficiency can be realized in various ways, both through measures to reduce heat losses through building partitions and the introduction of modern systems of regulation and management of heat distribution. In order to achieve the best possible results, these actions should be interlinked, especially in older buildings that have undergone thermomodernization. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate actions aimed at improving energy efficiency of buildings made in prefabricated technology. These buildings were thermomodernized and then the weather-controlled central heating system was installed. The study assessed whether the application of the change of the method of central heating regulation from the traditional one, taking into account only the change of external temperature to the weather-controlled one, will contribute to the increase of energy efficiency of buildings. The research was carried out in the existing residential buildings, for which data on the actual energy consumption was collected and elaborated and includes periods before modernization, after thermomodernization and the period after the introduction of the central heating system with weather control. The collected data cover an eighteen-year period of buildings’ use. The obtained results indicate that in Polish conditions the introduction of weather-controlled regulation system in buildings made in prefabricated technology (made of large slab) allows to achieve energy savings in the range of 16–23%, it may be related to their high thermal capacity resulting from the use of concrete elements in the building envelope.

scholarly journals Innovations in Housing and Communal Services to Increase Real Incomes of the Russian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
D. V. Shcherbakova ◽  
O. E. Ignashin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Networks

The article analyzes innovative technologies for heating residential buildings as an opportunity to solve the problems of housing and communal services in the country and a way to increase the real income of the population. The methods of statistical data analysis, the logical method, and the method of mathematical modeling are used. The problem under study is that the Russian economy has been experiencing a decline in real incomes for a long period of time. Coronavirus restrictions have exacerbated the existing trends. At the same time, a significant share of the expenses of Russians is the payment for utilities. Over the past 10 years, the cost of heating has risen by 80%. The lag of the Russian energy sector from the world indicators is due to several reasons: the low energy efficiency class of houses, significant wear and tear of heating networks, functional shortcomings of centralized heating, the lack of necessary federal and regional legislative acts, and the lack of private investment. At the same time, the centralized heating system has a number of unresolved problems related to the monopoly position of the industry: significant wear of pipelines of heat networks and heat generating equipment; limitations of the maximum temperature in the cold period; systematic exceeding of the value according to the temperature schedule in the warm period; poor quality of hot water supply in the winter period; late start of heating in the early cold; obsolete and extremely dangerous method of testing heat networks. It becomes obvious that there is a need for a radical modernization of the housing and communal sector with the introduction of fundamentally new heating systems and the development of energysaving technologies in the design, construction, and major repairs of residential buildings. The economic calculation of the use of an “Electro-converter heating system” on the example of a panel house of the 507 series showed that the annual savings in heating costs will be 79.5%. The payback period of the project is 11 years. The use of innovative systems of this type in the construction of new homes will pay off the investment much faster. The most acceptable mechanism for implementing such a project may be a public-private partnership. The use of public-private partnerships in the form of concession agreements in the construction of energy-efficient residential buildings and the introduction of innovative heating systems will create favorable conditions for the large-scale introduction of energy-saving technologies, which will have a positive impact on cost savings when paying for heating services and increase real incomes of the population.

scholarly journals Impacts on Indoor Thermal Comfort and Heating Energy Use in Hellenic Dwellings from Occupant Behavioral Reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6254
Author(s):  
Elena G. Dascalaki ◽  
Constantinos A. Balaras
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Audits

In an effort to reduce the operational cost of their dwellings, occupants may even have to sacrifice their indoor thermal comfort conditions. Following the economic recession in Greece over recent years, homeowners have been forced to adapt their practices by shortening heating hours, lowering the indoor thermostat settings, isolating spaces that are not heated or even turning off their central heating system and using alternative local heating systems. This paper presents the results from over 100 occupant surveys using questionnaires and walk-through energy audits in Hellenic households that documented how occupants operated the heating systems in their dwellings and the resulting indoor thermal comfort conditions and actual energy use. The results indicate that the perceived winter thermal comfort conditions were satisfactory in only half of the dwellings, since the actual operating space heating periods averaged only 5 h (compared with the assumed 18 h in standard conditions), while less than half heated their entire dwellings and only a fifth maintained an indoor setpoint temperature of 20 °C, corresponding to standard comfort conditions. Mainstream energy conservation measures include system maintenance, switching to more efficient systems, reducing heat losses and installing controls. This information is then used to derive empirical adaptation factors for bridging the gap between the calculated and actual energy use, making more realistic estimates of the expected energy savings following building renovations, setting prudent targets for energy efficiency and developing effective plans toward a decarbonized building stock.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

scholarly journals Field Study Of A Radiant Heating System For Sleep Thermal Comfort And Potential Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiant Temperature

As sleep is unconscious, the traditional definition of thermal comfort with conscious judgment does not apply. In this thesis sleep thermal comfort is defined as the thermal condition which enables sleep to most efficiently rejuvenate the body and mind. A comfort model was developed to stimulate the respective thermal environment required to achieve the desired body thermal conditions and a new infrared sphere method was developed to measure mean radiant temperature. Existing heating conditions according to building code conditions during sleeping hours was calculated to likely overheat a sleeping person and allowed energy saving potential by reducing nighttime heating set points. Experimenting with existing radiantly and forced air heated residential buildings, it was confirmed that thermal environment was too hot for comfortable sleep and that the infrared sphere method shows promise. With the site data, potential energy savings were calculated and around 10% of energy consumption reduction may be achieved during peak heating.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

Solar Energy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, Colorado, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR™ appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium (BSC) conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 75 cfm (35 l/s), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark [1]. The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

Cost and environmental performance of forced air and hot water heating systems in post-Soviet countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Begmyrat Kulmedov ◽  
Serdar Durdyev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
High Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heating Systems

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to assess the selected heating systems (furnace and boiler) commonly used in the dwellings of seven post-USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) countries. The systems were assessed in terms of their cost and environmental performance, with natural gas and electricity used as the main source of energy.Design/methodology/approachThe cost-effectiveness and environmental performance of the selected heating systems that have been commonly used in the selected post-USSR countries was assessed. Current energy (natural gas and electricity) prices that are applied in those countries were used.FindingsResults show that the furnace is the cheapest option, while natural gas is the cheapest source of energy, despite its high price in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Both heating systems could be considered eco-friendly options, although their efficiencies need to be considered at the design stage. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, which are the top natural gas producers, offer natural gas for the selected heating systems as both cost-effective and eco-friendly options.Practical implicationsA considerable reduction in electricity consumption and less harm to our environment can be achieved through the systems used in residential buildings in the region.Originality/valueThe outcomes of the present study offer value (in terms of cost-effective and eco-friendly options) for the end-users in the region.

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