scholarly journals The Effect of Basalt Fiber on the Performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altan Cetin ◽  
Burak Evirgen ◽  
Asena Karslioglu ◽  
Ahmet Tuncan
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Type I ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a mixture design against rutting caused by intensive and heavy traffic loads. While modified bitumen needs to be used in this mixture, the use of cellulosic fibers is essential to prevent the infiltration of bitumen during the carriage of mixture due to high bitumen content. In this study, the effects of basalt fiber on the performance of SMA mixtures is investigated as an alternative to cellulosic fiber admixtures in the prevention of draindown. Raw materials commonly used in Turkey were chosen as Type-I graded limestone aggregate and B50/70 asphalt cement, according to the General Directorate of Highways. In total, 109 specimens were prepared by a gyratory compactor according to the superpave design method. Sixty of these specimens were basalt fiber added samples with a ratio from 0.1 % to 0.8 % by dry weight aggregate. An addition of basalt fiber of 0.6 % at 25 °C seriously increases the resilient modulus and tensile strength of the samples. In addition, 0.4 % basalt fiber mixed samples shows that the greatest resistance against permanent deformation according to the results of static uniaxial creep test performed at 40 °C. Basalt fibers have no positive effect when a decrement of bitumen viscosity exceeds the bitumen softening point at the end of repeated uniaxial tests. On the other hand, bitumen draindown and water damage test results are within acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Hybrid Modification of Stone Mastic Asphalt with Cellulose and Basalt Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
You Huang ◽  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yunbao Zhang ◽  
Qingxiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Moisture Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Hybrid Modification

In this study, cellulose and basalt fiber were introduced simultaneously to stone mastic asphalt (SMA) to investigate the effects of hybrid modification on performance improvement of asphalt mixture. The study consists of three parts. The first part investigated material properties of cellulose and basalt fiber, including microscope electrical scanning. The second part conducted a series of tests to evaluate the effects of different combinations of cellulose and basalt fiber on performance. With a total addition of fiber 0.4% by the weight of mixture, five different cellulose-basalt fiber ratios, 0 : 4, 1 : 3, 2 : 2, 3 : 1, and 4 : 0, were introduced to the asphalt mixtures. A series of tests including draindown, permanent deformation, low temperature bending, beam fatigue, and moisture damage resistance were conducted. In the final part, a benefit-cost ratio was designed to help determine the optimum cellulose-basalt fiber combination in the economic aspect. Results show that material properties of the two fibers are very different, including thermostability, modulus, surface, and microstructure, especially oil absorption. In general, all samples with fibers outperformed the control group in all the performance tests. Specifically, cellulose fiber improved draindown, ductility, and fatigue more significantly, whilst basalt fiber has more influence on improving permanent deformation, deflection strength, and stress sensitivity. Equal portion of cellulose and basalt fiber has the best moisture damage resistance. The mechanisms of the two fibers are different, resulting in different performance improvements on asphalt mixtures. Overall, an appropriate combination of the two fibers would produce paving materials with more balanced performance in an economical way.

Performance Characterization of Stone Mastic Asphalt using Steel Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
◽  
H.A. Rashid ◽  
Fiona Shiong ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded hot mixture designed to provide higher resistance towards permanent deformation and rutting potential by 30% to 40% more than dense-graded asphalt, due to its stable aggregate skeleton structure. However, compared to other types of hot mix asphalt, SMA unfortunately has some shortcomings in term of its susceptibility towards moisture-induced damage due to its structure and excessive bitumen content in the composition. This research aims to assess the performance of a SMA mixture with steel fiber by enhancing overall stability, abrasion resistance, and, most importantly, moisture susceptibility. This study involved the incorporation of various steel fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by the total weight of mixture. The steel fiber modified SMA was made up of 6.0% PEN 60/70 bitumen content. The performance of SMA were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow test, Cantabro loss test and indirect tensile strength test. The results obtained from the testing showed that the incorporation of steel fiber is significantly effective to enhance the resistance towards moisture damage, while increasing the stability and reducing the abrasion loss of SMA mixture, compared to conventional mixture. Overall, it can be concluded that the addition of steel fiber in asphalt mixture specifically SMA, has improved the mechanical performance in the application of asphalt pavement with the optimum steel fiber proportion of 0.3% by the weight of mixture. The developed models between the independent variables and responses demonstrated high levels of correlation. The study found that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical method for providing an appropriate empirical model for relating parameters and predicting the optimum performance of an asphaltic mixture to reduce flexible pavement failure.

scholarly journals Performance Studies on Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixes with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Anusha T M ◽  
◽  
Akhilesh B R ◽  
Dr H S Jagadeesh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Test ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Repeated Load

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded mix which is categorised by more quantity of coarse aggregate, high asphalt content and fibre. Due to stone on stone contact and presences of high filler content, it acts as a stiff matrix and reduces the rutting due to heavy traffic load. This research presents a study on fatigue performance RAP replaced SMA mixes using VG 30 as binder along with elastomer as a modifier and results were compared with conventional SMA mix. The specimens prepared were tested using several laboratory test procedures: Marshall mix design, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, drain down test and Repeated load fatigue test. Test results showed Marshall Properties of the RAP mix improved up to a RAP content of 30% without elastomer modifier and RAP content up to 60% with elastomeric modifier. From the moisture susceptibility test results, the elastomeric modified SMA mix showed high resistance to moisture damage when compared to conventional mix and 30% RAP replacement mix. Repeated load fatigue test was conducted for different stress load and temperature and results showed elastomeric modified SMA mix offered high resistance to deformation across all stress level and temperature when compared to conventional and optimum RAP mix. As a fatigue loading increased resulted in decrease of number of fatigue cycles and increased in the initial tensile strain of the mix. As the percentage of RAP addition increased the initial tensile strain decreased.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of Stone Mastic Asphalt Incorporating Kenaf Fibre

CONSTRUCTION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
G. Danoshini ◽  
A. Baqadeem ◽  
A. K. S. Al-Shakhrit ◽  
N. E. Jasni ◽  
Khairil Azman Masri
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

Stone mastic asphalt consists of two components of coarse aggregate and bitumen-filled mortar (bituminous blend, filler, and stabilizing additives like cellulosic or mineral fibers). Such a form of hot mix asphalt (SMA) was first developed in Germany in the mid-1960s to cope with corrosion and ribbed wheel destruction. The mixture was then known as stone mastic asphalt, which was not only immune to ribbed wheels but also has strong resistance against rutting. One of the most significant problems when constructing the stone mastic asphalt pavement is permanent deformation. By a load of traffic and the strain of the tires, much of the irreversible deformation happens in the ground. According to a previous study, researchers have stated that the kenaf fiber's physical strength and thermal characteristics are superior compared to other forms of natural fiber polymer composites, and therefore deemed a desirable applicant for elevated-performance natural fiber composite materials. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the mechanical performance of stone mastic asphalt incorporating kenaf fiber by developing a regression model. A set of data of SMA mixture incorporating various percentages of kenaf fiber were assessed through statistical analysis in Minitab 19 by using the resilient modulus as the dependant variable in the first model and the accumulated strain from the dynamic creep test as the dependant variable in the second model. The regression models showed a positive impact of kenaf fiber as an additive in the SMA mixture.  For more future studies, it is recommended to analyze the effect of the various proportions of kenaf fiber with bitumen modification towards stone mastic asphalt performance that will render the satisfactory performance of SMA during service.

Features of the Formation of Properties of Stone-Mastic Asphalt Concrete Based on a Warm Polymer Modified Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Shekhovtsova
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Stone mastic asphalt concrete is one of the main types of asphalt concrete used for the construction of road surfaces. The quality, reliability and longevity of which depends on road safety of vehicles. To reduce the intensity of aging processes occurring at the stage of production and laying of asphalt concrete, "green" technologies are used, based on the use of physical and chemical processes that reduce the viscosity of bitumen to produce warm asphalt mixtures. This paper discusses the features of the formation of properties of crushed stone-mastic asphalt mixes SMA-15 based on polymer bitumen modified, compacted at lower temperatures, relative to traditional asphalt concrete. The influence of chemical additives of domestic and foreign production of DAD-TA and Cecabase RT 945 on the properties of modified binder and asphalt concrete was studied. It was established that they have a positive plasticizing effect on the modified bitumen binder in crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete without a decrease in heat resistance and adhesive strength, which made it possible to compact asphalt concrete samples at low temperatures (up to 130°C) without negatively affecting the strength and deforming properties of asphalt concrete.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Warm Rubberized Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures through the Marshall and Gyratory Compactors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Juan Gallego ◽  
Ana María Rodríguez-Alloza ◽  
Leticia Saiz-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures exhibit excellent behaviour; they are highly resistant to reflective cracking and permanent deformation, as well as providing the wearing surface with an optimal texture. However, the production and compaction temperatures are similar to conventional mixtures, which means that there is a significant consumption of energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology, which has been developed over the last few years, might allow lower temperatures without compromising the mechanical behaviour of the mixtures. Also, over the last few decades, rubberized asphalt has proved to be effective in improving the performance and being environmentally suitable, but it requires higher production temperatures than conventional mixtures. In this study, several tests were performed to evaluate the effect of a chemical WMA additive on the compactability and water sensitivity of rubberized SMA mixtures with both the Marshall and the gyratory compactor. The investigation has shown that the gyratory compactor is more suitable for studying compactability and the water sensitivity of rubberized SMA with WMA additives.

scholarly journals Utilization of Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Pourtahmasb ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is considered as one of the largest wastes in the entire world which is produced by demolishing concrete structures such as buildings, bridges, and dams. It is the intention of scientists and researchers, as well as people in authority, to explore waste material recycling for environmental and economic advantages. The current paper presents an experimental research on the feasibility of reusing RCA in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures as a partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregates. The engineering properties of SMA mixtures containing RCA have been evaluated for different percentages of binders based on the Marshall mix design method. The outcomes were statistically analyzed using two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Test results revealed that the performance of SMA mixtures is affected by RCA due to higher porosity and absorption of RCA in comparison with virgin granite aggregates. However, the engineering properties of SMA mixtures containing a particular amount of RCA showed the acceptable trends and could satisfy the standard requirements. Moreover, to achieve desirable performance characteristics, more caution should be made on properties of SMA mixtures containing RCA.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GRAPHITE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STONE MASTIC ASPHALT PAVEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Vural KÖK ◽  
Mehmet YILMAZ ◽  
Yunus ERKUS
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Marshall Stability

Hot mix asphalt needs to be developed to resist particular permanent deformations like rutting and thermal cracking due to increased traffic volumes and vehicle loads. Additives such as carbon black, graphite, carbon fibers are used in the mixture or the binder for improving the mechanical features of asphalt. In this article, the effects of graphite used for developing the mechanical properties of asphalt have been investigated in mixtures tests. Therefore, Marshall stability, indirect tensile stiffness modulus and indirect tensile fatigue tests were performed to bituminous mixtures modified with three different proportions of graphite by weight of bitumen. Stone mastic asphalt mixtures which were manufactured with pure and modified bitumen were aged in different time intervals in the oven. In conclusion, it has defined that Marshall stability values have declined. It has been determined that there is no significant difference in the time-dependent deformation behavior of the original and aged samples in pure and different graphite content although the stiffness modulus and load repeat number of the samples increased with the rise of the aging time. These results shown that graphite generally used for improving the thermal properties in literature were also determined to contribute to mechanical properties of mixtures.

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