scholarly journals Investigation of the Energy-Saving Method during Candied Fruits Filtration Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-561
Author(s):  
Iryna Huzova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Heat Agent

The drying process, which is the limiting and power-consuming stage of candied fruits production, has been considered. The heat-transfer processes during the filtration drying of pumpkin candied fruit have been investigated. The filtration drying of finished candied fruits (80 °C) is the filtration of a hot heat agent (100 °C) in the direction of "candied layers – grate". As a result of experimental studies, the kinetic curves of candied fruits drying, as well as the dependence of temperature on the height of the candied fruit layer, were obtained. The experimental data confirm the zonal mechanism of the filtration drying.It was found that during the filtration drying, the upper layers, which reached their final moisture content, overheat and accumulate a considerable amount of unused energy. It was proved that the accumulated energy can be used for drying the lower layers with simultaneous cooling the upper ones. On the basis of the equation of non-stationary heat-mass transfer, the amount of heat is calculated, which will be sufficient to dry the bottom layer. The stoppage time of hot heat agent supply and start of cold heat agent supply were determined. Filtration of cold heat agent through a layer of candied fruits makes it possible to cool the layer, reduce drying time and energy costs for the process.Dried candied fruits have sufficient shelf life, good taste and organoleptic properties.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Dryer with Rice Husk Fuel for Agriculture Drying

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Djaeni ◽  
N. Asiah ◽  
S Suherman ◽  
A. Sutanto ◽  
A. Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Heat Efficiency ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Energy usage is crucial aspect on agriculture drying process. This step spends about 70% of total energy in post harvest treatment. The design of efficient dryer with renewable energy source is urgently required due to the limitation of fossil fuel energy. This work discusses the performance of air dehumidification using rice husk fuel as heat source for onion, and paddy drying. Unlike conventional dryer, the humidity of air during the drying was dehumidified by adsorbent. Hence, the driving force of drying can be  kept high.  As consequences, the drying time and energy usage can be reduced. Here, the research was conducted in two step: laboratory and pilot scale tests. Results showed that the lowering air humidity with rice husk fuel has improved the energy efficiency. At operational temperature 60oC, the heat efficiency of 75%  was achieved. 

scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT REGIMES OF DRYING PRODUCTS FRACTIONAL PROCESSING OF ALFALFA

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Anatolii Spirin ◽  
Ihor Tverdokhlib ◽  
Ihor Kupchuk ◽  
Julia Poberezhets
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Plant Materials

Shortage of quality feed significantly slows down the production of livestock products in Ukraine. One of the ways to overcome the crisis in the production of feed is the use of new high-energy feed, including the products of fractional processing of alfalfa. For the successful implementation of the skin type of feed, including the products of fractional processing of alfalfa, there should be an opportunity to create their reserves, feed should be canned for successful storage. The best way to preserve food is to dry it. Energy efficiency of the drying process, ie loss of nutrients, energy costs for the implementation of the process, etc. It depends on the method and its mode parameters. In this case, it is proposed to carry out the drying process in a thick layer of alfalfa pulp by active ventilation with heated air. To determine the rational parameters of the process, such as layer thickness, air flow, drying time and patents to conduct theoretical and experimental studies. Alfalfa pulp, like most wet plant materials, belongs to the capillary-porous bodies. The drying blood of these bodies has two distinct periods: constant and decreasing speeds (or the first and second drying periods). The moisture content of the material at which the transition from the first to the second period is called critical. As a result of theoretical research has obtained a dependence that determines the total duration of the drying process on a number of parameters, including initial, critical, equilibrium and final moisture content. To determine these coefficients, as well as to check the adequacy of the obtained dependence, experimental studies were conducted on a special installation. The main elements of the experimental setup are a fan, electric heater, containers with mass, shut-off, control and measuring equipment. According to the results of experimental research, graphical dependences of drying speed and process duration on regime parameters are obtained.

scholarly journals KINETICS OF THE PROCESS OF DRYING THE PASTE OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN AN ORIGINAL DRYING VORTEX APPARATUS AND OBTAINING A FINE POWDER TIO2

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
V.M. Marchevskii ◽  
Ya.V. Grobovenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Vortex Apparatus

The authors of the article justified the physical model of the drying process of titanium dioxide paste and the drying of TiO2 fine powder to a residual moisture content of 0.3%, on the basis of which a mathematical model of the drying process is developed. The result of solving the mathematical model is the kinetic parameters of the drying process, with the help of which the drying apparatus of the vortex type was designed, designed and manufactured. The results of the simulation were verified by experimental studies of the drying and drying of TiO2 paste, and experimental graphical dependences of the drying rate and product temperature on the drying time were obtained. The obtained dependences are analyzed and the necessary initial parameters of the coolant are established, which allow increasing the drying rate and reducing energy costs for the drying process. As a result of the experiments, the fine powder of titanium dioxide fits the requirements of state standards and possesses the necessary mechanical and consumer properties. Bibl. 10, Fig. 7.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Influencia de las condiciones de secado solar en la coloración de plantas medicinales

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Margarita Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Beatriz Castillo-Téllez ◽  
Juan Carlos Ovando-Sierra ◽  
Luz María Hernández-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Bacterial Proliferation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

For millennia, humans have used hundreds of medicinal plants to treat diseases. Currently, many species with important characteristics are known to alleviate a wide range of health problems, mainly in rural areas, where the use of these resources is very high, even replacing scientific medicine almost completely. This paper presents the dehydration of medicinal plants that are grown in the State of Campeche through direct and indirect solar technologies in order to evaluate the influence of air flow and temperature on the color of the final product through the L* a* scale. b*, analyzing the activity of water and humidity during the drying process. The experimental results showed that the direct solar dryer with forced convection presents a little significant color change in a drying time of 400 min on average, guaranteeing the null bacterial proliferation and reaching a final humidity between 9 % and 11 %.

scholarly journals Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Alfeo ◽  
Diego Planeta ◽  
Salvatore Velotto ◽  
Rosa Palmeri ◽  
Aldo Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Final Water Content ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

scholarly journals Optimization and Prediction of the Drying and Quality of Turnip Slices by Convective-Infrared Dryer under Various Pretreatments by RSM and ANFIS Methods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Taghinezhad ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Antoni Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Effective Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Diffusivity Coefficient ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Anfis Model ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Response Variables

Drying can prolong the shelf life of a product by reducing microbial activities while facilitating its transportation and storage by decreasing the product weight and volume. The quality factors of the drying process are among the important issues in the drying of food and agricultural products. In this study, the effects of several independent variables such as the temperature of the drying air (50, 60, and 70 °C) and the thickness of the samples (2, 4, and 6 mm) were studied on the response variables including the quality indices (color difference and shrinkage) and drying factors (drying time, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient, specific energy consumption (SEC), energy efficiency and dryer efficiency) of the turnip slices dried by a hybrid convective-infrared (HCIR) dryer. Before drying, the samples were treated by three pretreatments: microwave (360 W for 2.5 min), ultrasonic (at 30 °C for 10 min) and blanching (at 90 °C for 2 min). The statistical analyses of the data and optimization of the drying process were achieved by the response surface method (RSM) and the response variables were predicted by the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model. The results indicated that an increase in the dryer temperature and a decline in the thickness of the sample can enhance the evaporation rate of the samples which will decrease the drying time (40–20 min), SEC (from 168.98 to 21.57 MJ/kg), color difference (from 50.59 to 15.38) and shrinkage (from 67.84% to 24.28%) while increasing the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (from 1.007 × 10−9 to 8.11 × 10−9 m2/s), energy efficiency (from 0.89% to 15.23%) and dryer efficiency (from 2.11% to 21.2%). Compared to ultrasonic and blanching, microwave pretreatment increased the energy and drying efficiency; while the variations in the color and shrinkage were the lowest in the ultrasonic pretreatment. The optimal condition involved the temperature of 70 °C and sample thickness of 2 mm with the desirability above 0.89. The ANFIS model also managed to predict the response variables with R2 > 0.96.

scholarly journals Influence of Pear Variety and Drying Methods on the Quality of Dried Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5146
Author(s):  
Agata Marzec ◽  
Hanna Kowalska ◽  
Jolanta Kowalska ◽  
Ewa Domian ◽  
Andrzej Lenart
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Breaking Work ◽  
Alexander Lucas

In this study, the impacts of two different pear cultivars, “Conference” and “Alexander Lucas”, on the kinetics and the final quality of samples dried by convection (CD) and microwave-convection (MCD) methods, were investigated. The quality of dried material was evaluated by the analysis of water activity, porosity, color, acoustic emission (AE) and mechanical and sensory properties. The required drying time to obtain 0.2 kg H2O/kg dry solid (d.s.) was longer for “Conference” than “Alexander Lucas” and was 20 min by CD and 5 min by MCD. The pear cultivar, in conjunction with the drying method (CD or MCD), affected the number of AE events and the work of breaking. The CD pear of the “Conference” cultivar was characterized by higher force, higher breaking work and stronger AE relative to the CD pear of the “Alexander Lucas” cultivar. There were no differences in taste or overall quality, but the hardness was higher for the CD “Conference” pear. A principal component analysis showed that panelists preferred dried fruit with good taste and overall quality but lower hardness. A positive correlation was found between the number of acoustic events and sensory hardness; thus, an acoustic method can be useful for effectively evaluating the texture of dried pears. These results show that the dried pear slices that generated fewer AE events upon breaking were perceived as better by the panelists.

Study on Drying Characteristics of Microalgae under Different Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiao Qian Ma ◽  
Xiao Cong Li ◽  
Wei Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Two Stages

To find out an alternative of coal saving, a kind of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) which is widespread in fresh water was studied by digital blast drying system. The effect of the moisture content, drying thickness and temperature on the drying process of C. vulgaris were investigated. The results indicated that when the drying temperature is high, the moisture content is low and the material thickness is small, the drying time is short. The drying process of C.vulgaris can be divided into two stages, and the mass loss is mainly occurred in the second stage . The results will provide guidance for design of drying process and dryer of microalgae.

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