scholarly journals Rheology Based Design of Shear Thickening Fluid for Soft Body Armor Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubrahmanya Harish Manukonda ◽  
Victor Avisek Chatterjee ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Verma ◽  
Debarati Bhattacharjee ◽  
Ipsita Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Packing Fraction ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Shear Thickening Fluids

The ballistic resistance of high-strength fabrics improves upon impregnation with Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs). The performance of such STF treated fabrics depends on the rheological properties of the STF which in turn are governed by the physicochemical properties of the STF. The present study utilizes rheological characterization of shear thickening silica-polyethylene glycol dispersions (of different material configurations in terms of packing fraction, particle size and continuous phase viscosity) to assess their performance and obtain the best STF material configuration for ballistic body armor applications based on the design criteria proposed herein. The ballistic performance assessment results showed that the STFs with high packing fractions which thicken discontinuously, are highly effective compared to the continuously shear thickening fluids. Furthermore, the use of smaller particle size dispersed phase in the STF formulation was determined to be economical. Also, the use of lower molecular weight dispersion medium was suggested as it allows for a broader working temperature range of the STF. Additionally, the technological issues associated with the development and the practical application of STF-Armor were addressed.

The Ballistic Performance of Multi-Layer Kevlar Fabrics Impregnated with Shear Thickening Fluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shu Kui Li ◽  
Xin Ya Feng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Shear Thickening Fluid ◽  
Aramid Fabric ◽  
Shear Thickening Fluids ◽  
Ballistic Properties ◽  
Ballistic Test

This study investigates the ballistic penetration performance of aramid fabric impregnated with shear thickening fluid. The ballistic test was conducted at impact velocity of 445 m/s, and three types of shear thickening fluids prepared with silica particles of different sizes (200nm, 340nm and 480nm) are involved. The results demonstrate an enhancement in ballistic properties of fabric due to the impregnation of shear thickening fluids. The fabrics with smaller particle size show better ballistic performance. Microscopic observation of aramid fabric reveals that shear thickening fluids with smaller silica particles have a better adhesion on and between yarns, enhancinging the coupling effect between yarns. The corresponding mechanism was discussed in the paper.

The effect of particle size and concentration on the ballistic resistance of different shear thickening fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1472-1476
Author(s):  
Gunjan Grover ◽  
Sanjeev K. Verma ◽  
Anupama Thakur ◽  
Ipsita Biswas ◽  
Debarati Bhatacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Shear Thickening Fluids ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

Conductive shear thickening gel/Kevlar wearable fabrics: A flexible body armor with mechano-electric coupling ballistic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 107782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhao ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Saisai Cao ◽  
Shouhu Xuan ◽  
Wanquan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Flexible Body ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Electric Coupling

Linking Theory to Practice: Predicting Ballistic Performance from Mechanical Properties of Aged Body Armor

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Forster ◽  
Dennis D. Leber ◽  
Amy Engelbrecht-Wiggans ◽  
Virginie Landais ◽  
Allen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Ballistic Limit ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ballistic Resistance

It has long been a goal of the body armor testing community to establish an individualized, scientific-based protocol for predicting the ballistic performance end of life for fielded body armor. A major obstacle in achieving this goal is the test methods used to ascertain ballistic performance, which are destructive in nature and require large sample sizes. In this work, using both the Cunniff and Phoenix-Porwal models, we derived two separate but similar theoretical relationships between the observed degradation in mechanical properties of aged body armor and its decreased ballistic performance. We present two studies used to validate the derived functions. The first correlates the degradation in mechanical properties of fielded body armor to the degradation produced by a laboratory accelerated-aging protocol. The second examines the ballistic resistance and the extracted-yarn mechanical properties of new and laboratory-aged body armor made from poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), or PBO, and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), or PPTA. We present correlations found between the tensile strengths of yarns extracted from armor and the ballistic limit (V50) when significant degradation of the mechanical properties of the extracted yarns was observed. These studies provided the basis for a validation data set in which we compared the experimentally measured V50 ballistic limit results to the theoretically predicted V50 results. The theoretical estimates were generally shown to provide a conservative prediction of the ballistic performance of the armor. This approach is promising for the development of a tool for fielded armor performance surveillance relying upon mechanical testing of armor coupon samples.

Ballistic performance of multi-metal systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhani Ranaweera ◽  
Dakshitha Weerasinghe ◽  
PLN Fernando ◽  
Sudharshan N Raman ◽  
Damith Mohotti
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Optimum Arrangement ◽  
Metallic Plates

Ballistic resistance enhancement of armours and structures has been a prominent area of research over the years. Monolithic metallic plates have been the preferred choice for armours against high-velocity projectiles. High-strength steel is a popular choice for such systems. However, the high areal density deters in accommodating such systems in practical applications which require lightweight products. On the contrary, multi-metallic systems produced by the combination of low-density materials with similar or superior ballistic resistance as their monolithic counterparts have become attractive candidates in defence applications. However, only a limited number of comprehensive studies on the ballistic performance of multi-metal multi-layered targets are available in the literature. Moreover, these studies have drawn contradictory conclusions on the optimum arrangement of different layers and materials within the systems. In addition, existing knowledge in this area is scattered in the literature and there is a need to collate them to enhance the development of multi-metal multi-layered ballistic-resistant plate systems in order to be optimised for ballistic-related armour. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the effect of different metals, thickness, fracture mechanisms, feasibility of the connection types and the order of the metallic plates within targets on the ballistic performance.

Two-dimensional (2D) fabrics and three-dimensional (3D) preforms for ballistic and stabbing protection: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (18) ◽  
pp. 2275-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Bilisik
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Thickening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Shear Thickening Fluids ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ballistic Properties ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact resistance of two-dimensional (2D) fabrics and three-dimensional (3D) preforms is explained. These fabrics and preforms include 2D and 3D woven and knitted flat and circular fabrics. Various types of soft/layered structures as well as rigid composite are outlined with some design examples for ballistic and stab threats. The recent developments in nanotubes/nanofibers and shear-thickening fluids (STF) for ballistic fabrics are reviewed. The ballistic properties of single- and multi-layered fabrics are discussed. Their impact mechanism is explained for both soft vest and rigid armor applications. Analytical modeling and computational techniques for the estimation of ballistic properties are outlined. It is concluded that the ballistic/stab properties of fiber-reinforced soft and rigid composites can be enhanced by using high-strength fibers and tough matrices as well as specialized nanomaterials. Ballistic/stab resistance properties were also improved by the development of special fabric architectures. All these design factors are of primary importance for achieving flexible and lightweight ballistic structures with a high ballistic limit.

scholarly journals The effect of particle strength on the ballistic resistance of shear thickening fluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 064103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren E. Petel ◽  
Simon Ouellet ◽  
Jason Loiseau ◽  
Bradley J. Marr ◽  
David L. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Thickening ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Particle Strength ◽  
Shear Thickening Fluids

scholarly journals Microstructure Effect of Heat Input on Ballistic Performance of Welded High Strength Armor Steel

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5789
Author(s):  
Elson Renato Santos Souza ◽  
Ricardo Pondé Weber ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽  
Suzane de Sant’Ana Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Heat Input ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Ballistic Resistance ◽  
Limit Velocity ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Microstructure Effect

The effect of two different heat inputs, 1.2 and 0.8 kJ/ mg, on the microstructure associated with a welded high hardness armor (HHA) steel was investigated by ballistic tests. A novel way of comparing the ballistic performance between fusion zone (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM) of the HHA joint plate was applied by using results of the limit velocity V50. These results of V50 were combined with those of ballistic absorbed impact energy, microhardness, and Charpy and tensile strength revealing that the higher ballistic performance was attained for the lower heat input. Indeed, the lower heat input was associated with a superior performance of the HAZ, by reaching a V50 projectile limit velocity of 668 m/s, as compared to V50 of 622 m/s for higher heat input as well as to both FZ and BM, with 556 and 567 m/s, respectively. Another relevant result, which is for the first time disclosed, refers to the comparative lower microhardness of the HAZ (445 HV) vs. BM (503 HV), in spite of the HAZ superior ballistic performance. This apparent contradiction is attributed to the HAZ bainitic microstructure with a relatively greater toughness, which was found more determinant for the ballistic resistance than the harder microstructure of the BM tempered martensite.

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