scholarly journals Development of Asymmetric Low Pressure Reverse Osmosis-Surfactants Membrane: Effect of Surfactant Types and Concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Nor Azirah Sulaiman ◽  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Sabariah Rozali ◽  
Nurul Hannan Mohd Safari ◽  
Che Wan Insyirah Che Wan Takwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Orientation Factor ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Fine Spectrum ◽  
Membrane Effect ◽  
Triton X

The effect of surfactants that are cationic (Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), anionic (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS)) and non-ionic (Triton X-100) on performance, morphologies and molecular orientation of Polysulfone (PSF) low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane were addressed. The experimental data showed that the increasing of 0.5 wt% in surfactant concentration produced higher pure water permeation (PWP) and flux. At 2.5 wt% of SDS, the LPRO membranes achieved the highest PWP of about  64.42 L/m2 × h while 3.0 wt% of CTAB demonstrated the highest flux of 55.28 L/m2 × h. Analysis from morphological results foundthat the optimal performance at 89.6 % rejection was produced by the membrane with 2 wt% SDS which is a good promoter for the fine morphological structures of the membrane, thus producing fine spectrum of molecular orientation factor.

scholarly journals Development of low pressure reverse osmosis membrane for desalination process

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽  
Al Dabbaas Khuzama Mansoor A ◽  
Nor Azirah Sulaiman ◽  
Nurul Hannan Mohd Safari ◽  
Sabariah Rozali
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Sds Surfactant

Water shortage has become a real problem at global level and therefore, new and innovative technologies were established to provide sustainable solutions to water crisis. One of the effective approaches to resolve the global challenges is introducing the membrane-based desalination. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a pressure driven membrane process which becoming increasingly popular and widely used for water purification applications that require high salt rejection such as brackish and seawater desalination. In this study, the influence of Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant in producing the finest membrane for desalination were investigated in terms of performance, morphological structure and molecular orientation. From a polymer blending of polysulfone (PSF)/N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were formulated for making of low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane. In order to examine the influence of SDS surfactant, different concentration from 0 wt% to 3 wt% were employed for desalination application of 10,000ppm (brackish water) and 50 000ppm (seawater). Experimental data showed that the increasing of 0.5wt% in surfactant produced higher pure water permeation (PWP) and flux. At 2.5wt% of SDS, the LPRO membranes showed the highest PWP of about 44.8L/m2h and brackish water flux at 45.58L/m2h. Meanwhile, at 3.0wt%, the highest flux of seawater at 39.37L/m2h was obtained. Moreover, the optimized LPRO (2wt% of SDS) membrane performed high rejection ratio of 90.9% for brackish water and 90.4% for seawater concentration of 10,000ppm and 50,000ppm, respectively. Therefore, the findings revealed that the fabricated LPRO membrane having a good potential to be used as eco-efficient desalination process of brackish water and seawater technology.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanol Concentration on the Performance of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membranes Using Dry/Wet Phase Inversion Technique

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Idris ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
S. Iswandi ◽  
Simon J. Shilton
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Permeation Rate ◽  
Transport Parameter ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Inversion Technique ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Wet Phase Inversion

Membran asimetrik telah dihasilkan daripada larutan polimer multikomponen yang terdiri daripada selulosa asetat, aseton formamid dan metanol. Dalam kajian ini, teknik fasa balikan kering/basah telah digunakan dan kehadiran metanol dikaji. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengemukakan isu asas yang terlibat dalam pengubahsuaian larutan tuangan kepingan rata, bagi menghasilkan larutan yang berpotensi untuk digunakan bagi penyediaan membran gentian geronggang, yang mempunyai lapisan memilih yang bebas daripada kecacatan. Pengubahsuaian komposisi larutan multikomponen telah menghasilkan membran osmosis balikan yang berbeza prestasinya. Prestasi membran ditentukan secara uji kaji oleh pemboleh ubah asas seperti fluks air tulen (PWP), kadar kebolehtelapan air garam (PR) dan kadar buangan. Daripada data tersebut, parameter sekunder seperti pemalar kebolehtelapan air tulen (A), parameter pengangkutan bahan larut (DAM /Kδ) dan pekali pemindahan jisim (k) dapat ditentukan. Parameter tersebut adalah penting dalam meramal prestasi membran osmosis balikan dan pencirian morfologi membran. Keputusan uji kaji menunjukkan bahawa kehadiran metonal dalam formulasi larutan polimer telah meningkatkan kadar buangan dan aliran fluks. Nilai (DAM/Kδ) yang lebih rendah bagi larutan rujukan menunjukkan bahawa purata saiz liang pada permukaan membran secara bandingan adalah lebih kecil. Kata kunci: Asimetrik membran; osmosis balikan; selulosa asetat; fasa balikan. Asymmetric membranes were prepared from a multicomponent dope polymer solution consisting of cellulose acetate, acetone, formamide and methanol. In this work, the dry/wet phase inversion technique is used and the presence of methanol is studied. In addition, this work also presents the fundamental issues involved in altering flat sheet casting solutions to produce solutions, potentially useful for preparing hollow fibers within, defect free selective layers. Variations in the composition of multicomponent casting solution resulted in membranes with drastically different reverse osmosis performance. The membrane performance are determined experimentally by primary parameters such as the pure water permeation rate (PWP), salt permeation rate (PR) and rejection rates. From these data, the secondary parameter such as pure water permeability constant (A), solute transport parameter (DAM/Kδ) and mass transfer coefficient (k) are determined. These parameters are important in the prediction of reverse osmosis performance and also in characterising membrane morphology. The results revealed that the presence of methanol in the dope formulation increases the percentage of salt rejection and flux flow. The relatively lower value of (DAM /Kδ) for a reference solute indicates a relatively a relatively smaller average pore size on the membrane surface. Key words: Asymmetric membrane; reverse osmosis; cellulose acetate; dry/wet phase inversion

Analysis and calculation of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis during recycling of hygienic water

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Leonid S. Bobe ◽  
Nikolay A. Salnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pressure Channel

Analysis and calculation have been conducted of the process of low-pressure reverse osmosis in the membrane apparatus of the system for recycling hygiene water for the space station. The paper describes the physics of the reverse osmosis treatment and determines the motive force of the process, which is the difference of effective pressures (operating pressure minus osmotic pressure) in the solution near the surface of the membrane and in the purified water. It is demonstrated that the membrane scrubbing action is accompanied by diffusion outflow of the cleaning agent components away from the membrane. The mass transfer coefficient and the difference of concentrations (and, accordingly, the difference of osmotic pressures) in the boundary layer of the pressure channel can be determined using an extended analogy between mass transfer and heat transfer. A procedure has been proposed and proven in an experiment for calculating the throughput of a reverse osmosis apparatus purifying the hygiene water obtained through the use of a cleaning agent used in sanitation and housekeeping procedures on Earth. Key words: life support system, hygiene water, water processing, low-pressure reverse osmosis, space station.

Solubility and adsorption behaviors of chlorophenols in the presence of surfactant

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Liu ◽  
P. S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Triton X

The solubility of chlorophenols as affected by surfactant was investigated. Three kinds of surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and Brij 35, were utilized. The solubilization of chlorophenols by surfactant follows the order of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 2,6-dichlorophenol > 2-chlorophenol; and the critical micelle concentration is an important index. The adsorption reactions of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol onto hydrous montmorillonite in the presence of surfactant were examined. The presence of surfactant decreased the adsorption of chlorophenols significantly. The roles of hydrophobicity of chlorophenols in solubilization and adsorption behaviors are discussed.

Wetting of glass surface using natural surfactants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Surfactants ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Solid Liquid

Background: Surfactant adsorption at the interfaces (solid–liquid, liquid–air, or liquid–liquid) is receiving considerable attention from a long time due to its wide range of practical applications. Objective: Specifically wettability of solid surface by liquids is mainly measured by contact angle and has many practical importances where solid–liquid systems are used. Adsorption of surfactants plays an important role in the wetting process. The wetting behaviours of three plant-based natural surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai, and Acacia) on the glass surface are compared with one widely used nonionic synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100) and reported in this study. Methods: The dynamic contact angle study of three different types of plant surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai and Acacia) and one synthetic surfactant (Triton X 100) on the glass surface has been carried out. The effect of two different types of alcohols such as Methanol and amyl alcohol on wettability of shikakai, as it shows little higher value of contact angle on glass surface has been measured. Results: The contact angle measurements show that there is an increase in contact angle from 47° (pure water) to 67.72°, 65.57°, 68.84°, and 68.79° for Reetha, Acacia, Shikakai, and Triton X-100 respectively with the increase in surfactant concentration and remain constant at CMC. The change in contact angle of Shikakai-Amyl alcohol mixtures are slightly different than that of methanol-Shikakai mixture, mostly there is a gradual increase in contact angle with the increasing in alcohol concentration. Conclusion: There is no linear relationship between cos θ and inverse of surface tension. There was a linear increase in surface free energy results with increase in concentration as more surfactant molecules were adsorbing at the interface enhancing an increase in contact angle.

Different submicellar solubilization mechanisms revealed by 1H NMR and 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 11075-11085
Author(s):  
Mengjian Wu ◽  
Zhaoxia Wu ◽  
Shangwu Ding ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Triton X

Different submicellar solubilization mechanisms of two systems, Triton X-100/tetradecane and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/butyl methacrylate, are revealed on the molecular scale by 1H NMR spectroscopy and 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY).

scholarly journals Time-dependent association between platelet-bound fibrinogen and the Triton X-100 insoluble cytoskeleton

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Peerschke
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Human Thrombin ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Triton X

Abstract Previous studies indicated a correlation between the formation of EDTA- resistant (irreversible) platelet-fibrinogen interactions and platelet cytoskeleton formation. The present study explored the direct association of membrane-bound fibrinogen with the Triton X-100 (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, MO) insoluble cytoskeleton of aspirin-treated, gel-filtered platelets, activated but not aggregated with 20 mumol/L adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or 150 mU/mL human thrombin (THR) when bound fibrinogen had become resistant to dissociation by EDTA. Conversion of exogenous 125I-fibrinogen to fibrin was prevented by adding Gly-Pro-Arg and neutralizing THR with hirudin before initiating binding studies. After 60 minutes at 22 degrees C, the cytoskeleton of ADP-treated platelets contained 20% +/- 12% (mean +/- SD, n = 14) of membrane-bound 125I-fibrinogen, representing 10% to 50% of EDTA- resistant fibrinogen binding. The THR-activated cytoskeleton contained 45% +/- 15% of platelet bound fibrinogen, comprising 80% to 100% of EDTA-resistant fibrinogen binding. 125I-fibrinogen was not recovered with platelet cytoskeletons if binding was inhibited by the RGDS peptide, excess unlabeled fibrinogen, or disruption of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex by EDTA-treatment. Both development of EDTA- resistant fibrinogen binding and fibrinogen association with the cytoskeleton were time dependent and reached maxima 45 to 60 minutes after fibrinogen binding to stimulated platelets. Although a larger cytoskeleton formed after platelet stimulation with thrombin as compared with ADP, no change in cytoskeleton composition was noted with development of EDTA-resistant fibrinogen binding. Examination of platelet cytoskeletons using monoclonal antibodies, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting showed the presence of only traces of GP IIb-IIIa in the cytoskeletons of resting platelets, with no detectable increases after platelet activation or development of EDTA-resistant fibrinogen binding. These data suggest that GP IIb-IIIa-mediated fibrinogen binding to activated platelets is accompanied by time-dependent alterations in platelet- fibrinogen interactions leading to the GP IIb-IIIa independent association between bound fibrinogen and the platelet cytoskeleton.

Influence of the Coagulation-Bath Temperature on Membrane Formation Mechanism and Properties of PVDF/TA-ATP Hybrid Membrane

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 2723-2726
Author(s):  
Yue Rong Shi ◽  
Gui Fang Zhang ◽  
Xing Tian Liu ◽  
Xue Tao Tian ◽  
Yi Ping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Membrane Formation ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Ultrasonic Time

In this study, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hybrid membranes were prepared from polymeric blend of PVDF/tannic acid (TA)-Attapulgite (ATP)/PEG system via phase inversion induced by immersion precipitation in water coagulation bath. The membrane formation mechanism of PVDF/TA-ATP/PEG casting solutions in water bath thermodynamics at different temperatures and the process of membrane formation were investigated via cloud point determination and ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR). The structures and properties of the membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water permeation experiment, respectively. It was found that the rate of precipitation controlled by the Coagulation-Bath thermodynamics. With the coagulation temperature increasing, the gelation line was moved to non-solvent axis and the pure water flux were decreased.

Preparative isolation and characterization of the B875 complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Picorel ◽  
Gabriel Gingras
Keyword(s):  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Preparative Isolation ◽  
Ethanolamine Phosphatidyl ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Detergent System ◽  
Triton X

We have developed a simple and efficient method, using a mixed detergent system of sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100, for the preparative isolation of theB875 complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1. As a bonus, the method allows the preparation of both the B875 and B800-850 complexes from the same batch of chromatophores. The preparations are spectrally pure, as indicated by absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The latter method suggests that the Qy band of the B875 complex is due to weakly interacting bacteriochlorophyll molecules. Protein and pigment analysis shows that the B875 complex contains 2 mol of bacteriochlorophyll and 2 mol of sphaeroidene per mol of apoprotein (12 266 g), whereas the B800-850 complex contains 3 mol of bacteriochlorophyll and 1 mol of sphaeroidene per mol of apoprotein (11 497 g). While these stoichiometries are in accord with currently accepted models, they disagree with their published experimental basis. Phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and diphosphatidyl glycerol were found to be present in the B875 complex.

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