scholarly journals Platform Molecule Removal from Aqueous Mixture with Organophilic Pervaporation: Experiments and Modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikő Haáz ◽  
Nóra Valentinyi ◽  
Ariella Janka Tarjani ◽  
Daniel Fózer ◽  
Anita André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measured Data ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Separation Problem ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Separation Factors ◽  
Aqueous Mixture ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Organophilic Pervaporation ◽  
Ethanol Removal ◽  
Semi Empirical

The work is motivated by a separation problem, which is ethanol removal from aqueous mixtures with membranes. Ethanol can be considered as promising biomass based platform molecule. The platform molecule includes several building-block chemicals grouped together, resulting in a range of downstream chemical products. To solve the target, organophilic pervaporation system is investigated using benchmarked Sulzer PERVAP™ 4060 membranes. Separation factors, total permeation fluxes, permeances and selectivities are experimentally determined. The target of this work is to parameter estimation for semi-empirical pervaporation model. The measured data are evaluated with improved pervaporation model by Valentinyi et al. [1]. Three different polymeric flat sheet membranes are investigated, PERVAP™ 4060, PERVAP™ 1060 and CELFA-CMG-OG010. It is found that the model can be applied also for each organophilic separation case.

Influence of Aqueous Mixtures of Amides on the Kinetics of Electro Reduction of Ni(II) and Co(II) at d. m. e.

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 859-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Jha ◽  
S. Jha ◽  
S. N. and
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Electrode Kinetics ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Aqueous Mixture ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Remarkable Agreement ◽  
Amide Content

Electroreduction of Ni(II) and Co(II) has been carried out in aqueous mixtures of formamide, acetamide and urea. Electrode kinetics in terms of theories of irreversible waves have been studied. After calculating the rate constants by DELAHAY1 and Kou-TECKY2 treatments separately their variation with electrode potential has been used to calculate the product ‘ana’. The rate constants and ‘ana’ calculated from two different approaches show remarkable agreement. `ana’ records a gradual decrease with increasing amide content of the aqueous mixture.

ASTEC, COCOSYS, and LIRIC Interpretation of the Iodine Behaviour in the Large-Scale THAI Test Iod-9

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Weber ◽  
L. Bosland ◽  
F. Funke ◽  
G. Glowa ◽  
T. Kanzleiter
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Iodine Test ◽  
Iodine Transport ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Water Gas

The large-scale iodine test Iod-9 of the German THAI programme was jointly interpreted by means of post-test analyses within the THAI Circle of the SARNET/WP16. In this test, molecular iodine (I2) was injected into the vessel dome of the 60 m3 THAI vessel to observe the evolution of its distribution between water, gas, and surfaces. The main processes addressed in Iod-9 are (a) mass transfer of I2 between the gas and the two sumps, (b) iodine transport in the main sump when it is stratified and then mixed, and (c) I2 adsorption onto, and desorption from, the vessel walls in the presence and absence of wall condensation. The codes applied by the THAI Circle partners were ASTEC-IODE (IRSN), COCOSYS-AIM (GRS) and LIRIC (AECL). IODE and AIM are semi-empirical iodine models integrated in the lumped-parameter codes ASTEC and COCOSYS respectively. With both codes multi-compartment iodine calculations can be performed. LIRIC is a mechanistic iodine model for single stand-alone calculations. The simulation results are compared with each other and with the experimental measurements. Special issues that were encountered during this work were studied in more detail: I2 diffusion in the sump water, I2 reaction with the steel of the vessel wall in gaseous and aqueous phases, and I2 mass transfer from the gas to the sump. Iodine transport and behaviour in THAI test Iod-9 are fairly well simulated by ASTEC-IODE, COCOSYS-AIM and LIRIC in post-test calculations. The measured iodine behaviour is well understood and all measured data are found to be consistent. The very slow iodine transport within the stratified main sump was simulated with COCOSYS only, in a qualitative way. Consequently, this work highlighted the need to improve modelling of (a) the wet iodine adsorption and the washdown from the walls, (b) the I2 mass transfer between gas and sump, and (c) the I2/steel reaction in the gaseous and aqueous phases. In any case, the analysis of the large-scale iodine test Iod-9 has been an important validation step for the codes applied.

Modeling VIV Supression Using Negative Lift Coefficients

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Jhingran ◽  
Johnny Vogiatzis
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Offshore Risers ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Interaction Problem

Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) is a complex, non-linear fluid-structure interaction problem with important consequences for offshore risers, tendons and other tubulars. The prevalent approach in the industry is to use semi-empirical formulations to estimate VIV amplitudes, frequencies and the resulting fatigue damage. These semi-empirical techniques estimate VIV response amplitude by considering the balance of power input into the pipe due to vortex-shedding and the loss of power from the pipe due to damping. At the heart of this method are lift coefficient curves, which are used to estimate power input into the pipe. A key difficulty of this method is modeling the response of pipes with mitigation devices (strakes and fairings). This paper discusses the use of negative lift coefficient curves for estimating VIV response from mitigation devices. The author’s show how damping is handled in Shear7 using this approach. Results of comparisons between predicted and measured data show that negative lift curves are an effective means of modeling damping from VIV mitigation devices.

scholarly journals Separation of Alcohol-Water Mixtures by a Combination of Distillation, Hydrophilic and Organophilic Pervaporation Processes

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Huyen Trang Do Thi ◽  
Peter Mizsey ◽  
Andras Jozsef Toth
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Organophilic Pervaporation ◽  
The Cost

It can be stated that in the fine chemical industries, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, large amounts of liquid waste and industrial waste solvents are generated during the production technology. Addressing these is a key issue because their disposal often accounts for the largest proportion of the cost of the entire technology. There is need to develop regeneration processes that are financially beneficial to the plant and, if possible, reuse the liquid waste in the spirit of a circular economy, in a particular technology, or possibly elsewhere. The distillation technique proves to be a good solution in many cases, but in the case of mixtures with high water content and few volatile components, this process is often not cost-effective due to its high steam consumption, and in the case of azeotropic mixtures there are separation constraints. In the present work, the membrane process considered as an alternative; pervaporation is demonstrated through the treatment of low alcohol (methanol and ethanol) aqueous mixtures. Alcohol-containing process wastewaters were investigated in professional process simulator environment with user-added pervaporation modules. Eight different methods were built up in ChemCAD flowsheet simulator: organophilic pervaporation (OPV), hydrophilic pervaporation (HPV), hydrophilic pervaporation with recirculation (R-HPV), dynamic organophilic pervaporation (Dyn-OPV), dynamic hydronophilic pervaporation (Dyn-HPV), hybrid distillation-organophilic pervaporation (D + OPV), hybrid distillation-hydrophilic pervaporation (D + HPV), and finally hybrid distillation-hydrophilic pervaporation with recirculation (R-D + HPV). It can be stated the last solution in line was the most suitable in the terms of composition, however distillation of mixture with high water content has significant heat consumption. Furthermore, the pervaporation supplemented with dynamic tanks is not favourable due to the high recirculation rate in the case of tested mixtures and compositions.

Lift Coefficient Curves for Predicting Response Using Shear7

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Jhingran ◽  
Johnny Vogiatzis
Keyword(s):  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
New Family ◽  
Offshore Risers ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Interaction Problem

Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) is a complex, non-linear fluid-structure interaction problem with important consequences for offshore risers, tendons and other tubulars. The prevalent approach in the industry is to use semi-empirical formulations to estimate VIV amplitudes, frequencies and the resulting fatigue damage. These semi-empirical techniques estimate VIV response amplitude by considering the balance of power input into the pipe due to vortex-shedding and the loss of power from the pipe due to damping. At the heart of this method are lift coefficient curves, which are used to estimate power input into the pipe. Local lift coefficients are difficult to measure or derive for a flexible pipe and hence most of the lift curves used today have been developed using experiments with rigid cylinders. This paper discusses the development of a new family of lift coefficient curves using experimental data. Results of comparisons between predicted and measured data show the lift curves to effectively predict VIV response.

scholarly journals Functionalizing graphene oxide framework membranes with sulfonic acid groups for superior aqueous mixture separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 19682-19690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Zongli Xie ◽  
Marlene Cran ◽  
Derrick Ng ◽  
Christopher D. Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Efficient Separation ◽  
Mixture Separation ◽  
Aqueous Mixture ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Hydrophilic pervaporation (PV) membranes with ultrahigh throughput and outstanding separation ability are highly beneficial for efficient separation of aqueous mixtures.

scholarly journals Semi–Empirical Correlation of NOx Emissions From Combustion Turbines With Water/Steam Injection

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Newburry ◽  
Arthur M. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Semi Empirical

Inert (water or steam) injection is commonly used to reduce NOx emissions in stationary gas turbine combustors, both lean premixed when oil–fired and conventional. Thus, having an accurate phenomenological model to predict these reductions could be useful in both design and implementation for low emissions. In this work, the semi–empirical characteristic time model (CTM), which has been validated for thermal NOx emissions from conventional, diffusion flame combustors, is modified to account for inert injection effects. Measured NOx data from two heavy–duty, utility combustion turbines operating on natural gas and fuel oil #2, both dry and with water or steam injection, are correlated. Inert injection is modeled as thermal, and two limiting cases are proposed which successfully bound the measured data. An empirically selected effective inert injection flame temperature was substituted for the stoichiometric flame temperature used to estimate the thermal NO formation rate in the CTM. This procedure correlated all of the measured data from both combustors for both fuels with a standard deviation of 1.02 g NO2/kg fuel. The high standard deviation results from systematic trends in the dry data for one combustor which propagate through the lower NOx values of the inert injection data. Removing these trends empirically improves the combined correlation to a standard deviation of 0.28 g/kg (approximately 3.2 ppmvd at 15% O2).

One-step electrodeposition of CdS/ZnS bilayer from an aqueous mixture of Cd2+ and Zn2+

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Hideki Minoura
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Cds Thin Film ◽  
One Step ◽  
Aqueous Mixture

Electrochemical thin film deposition in aqueous mixtures containing Cd2+, Zn2+, and thioacetamide has been investigated. It has been found that the atom-by-atom growth of well-crystallized CdS thin film preferentially takes place at the early stage of the reaction, followed by the cluster-by-cluster growth of the poorly crystallized ZnS outer layer, thus resulting in the formation of CdS/ZnS bilayer by a one-step synthesis.

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