scholarly journals Longitudinal, Transverse or Centrally Aligned? In the Search for the Correct Layout of the ‘Protesters’ Churches

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Harasimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Art History ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

The article was written within the framework of a research project “Protestant Church Architecture of the 16th -18th centuries in Europe”, conducted by the Department of the Renaissance and Reformation Art History at the University of Wrocław. It is conceived as a preliminary summary of the project’s outcomes. The project’s principal research objective is to develop a synthesis of Protestant church architecture in the countries which accepted, even temporarily, the Reformation: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Island, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Sweden and The Netherlands. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of spatial and functional solutions (specifically ground plans: longitudinal, transverse rectangular, oval, circular, Latin- and Greek-cross, ground plans similar to the letters “L” and “T”) and the placement of liturgical furnishing elements within the church space (altars, pulpits, baptismal fonts and organs).

Protestant Reactions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Atherstone
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

Protestantism was a major rallying cry during the Tractarian controversies. It was anathematized by some Oxford Movement radicals as a ‘heresy’, and held tenaciously by evangelical campaigners as ‘the pure Gospel of Christ’. Protestant polemicists decried Tractarianism as a revival of Roman Catholicism in an Anglican disguise and called their brothers-in-arms to fight the theological battles of the Reformation over again. Focusing on the events in Oxford itself between 1838 and 1846, this chapter surveys the rhetoric which surrounded three overlapping themes—Protestant Reformers, Protestant Formularies, and Protestant Truth. It shows how these loomed large in the speeches and writings of those who wanted to defend the Protestant hegemony of the Church of England and the University of Oxford.

scholarly journals Hervormde spore op die Tukkie kampus – ’n Kroniek van die tweede 50 jaar

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. Ungerer
Keyword(s):  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Theology Education ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Church Schism ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

This article is about the 2nd half (50 years) of the centenary of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (NHKA) at the University of Pretoria (UP). The NHKA was the first church to join the Faculty of Theology at UP in 1917. The previous article ‘Hervormde footprints on the Tukkie campus – a chronicle of the first fifty years’ contains the humble beginnings, the steady growth, the political background during the apartheid years, and the NHKA’s role in justifying apartheid. The 70s and the 80s was a flourishing time for the Church with a steady growth in membership, an increase in the number of lecturers and students, and more or less enough money to sustain theology education at UP. During the nineties there was a decrease in membership numbers with the pivot point in 1992: from thereon there was a steady decline which was accelerated by the church schism in 2011 and onward. The two Sections of the NHKA and the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK), Section A and B, became one in 2000. The Reformed Theology College (RTC), with the aim of church specific education for students of the NHKA, was also established in 2000 with prof. T.F.J. Dreyer as the first head. In November 2015 a student protest action #FeesMustFall rocked the foundation of higher education in South Africa. The issue of language and curriculum as aftermath of the protest actions was also at stake during 2016. During 2017 the centennial celebration of the Faculty of Theology at UP will take place. It coincides with REFO 500 – the commemoration of 500 years of the Reformation.

Choice and Action: William Ames's Concept of the Mind's Operation in Moral Decisions

1987 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Courter Boughton
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Educational Authority ◽  
The Church ◽  
Will Of God

When William Ames (1576–1633) chose not to wear a surplice while preaching at a Cambridge University chapel, he embodied the Reformation spirit of defiance toward the symbols of ecclesiastical and educational authority. This action and subsequent signs of dissent within the Church of England earned Ames a life of exile in the Netherlands. Yet in serving as a professor at the Universities of Leiden and Franeker, the Puritan scholar perfected methods of instruction that would establish him as an authority among those similarly committed to learning the revealed will of God and investigating the structure and operation of the human mind.

The linden bark borer (Lepidoptera: Agonoxenidae) infesting European linden in Nova Scotia

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Majka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
The Baltic

The Holarctic genus Chrysoclista (Lepidoptera: Agonexenidae) consists of very distinctive, small, brightly coloured moths whose larvae bore in the bark of deciduous trees. There are seven species worldwide including three found in Europe, two found in the Caucasus, and two Nearctic species, C. cambiella (Busck, 1915) and C. villela (Busck, 1904). In addition, the Palearctic species C. linneella (Clerck, 1759) has been introduced to North America (Karsholt 1997).In Europe, C. linneella is found across most of the continent, in all of the Baltic and Fennoscandian countries, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Rumania, Russia (Karsholt and Razowski 1996), Turkey, and Ukraine (S. Koster, personal communication).

scholarly journals A Reforma Luterana e suas relações com a educação

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Regina Maas ◽  
Katilene Willms Labes
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
German Language ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Education Change ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

Resumo: Em 1517, ao afixar suas teses na porta da igreja do castelo de Witenberg,Lutero não fazia ideia das mudanças no campo da educação, que hojesão constatadas como desencadeadas a partir do movimento da Reforma. Elepróprio passou pela experiência de uma educação severa, marcada por castigosfísicos. A forma de debate estudantil na universidade preparou-o para os embatespolêmicos de sua luta reformadora. Na sua “Carta aberta” sobre a reformada Cristandade, em 1520, ele propôs também a reforma das Universidades.Sua tradução da Bíblia para o alemão fluente foi uma contribuição importante,mesmo decisiva, para as mudanças no sistema educacioal. Seu modelo deeducação incentivou e construiu uma sociedade mais crítica, influindo tambémnas comunidades luteranas imigradas para o sul do Brasil no século XIX.Palavras-chave: Educação. Mudança. Reforma. Debate. Crítica.Abstract: In 1517, when he affixed his theses at the door of the church ofWitenberg castle, Luther had no idea of the changes in the field of educationwhich today are recognized as proceeding from the Reformation movement.Luther himself had the experience of a severe education, marked by physicalpunishments. The method of public discussion in the university prepared him tothe polemical clashes of his reforming struggle. In his “Open Letter” about thereform of Christianity, in 1520, he proposed also the reform of the universities.His translation of the Bible to the German language was a very important, evendecisive, contribution to the changes in the educational system. His model ofeducation encouraged and built a more critical society, having influence also inthe Lutheran communities immigrated to the south of Brasil in the XIX century.Keywords: Education. Change. Reform. Discussion. Critics.

scholarly journals Sejarah Gereja Belanda Austin Friars di City of London: Refleksi Sejarah Gerakan Reformasi � Harapan dan Tantangan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Henk Ten Napel
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Church In The World ◽  
The Church ◽  
Formative Years

In the centre of the City of London one can find the Dutch Church Austin Friars. Thanks to the Charter granted in 1550 by King Edward VI, the Dutch refugees were allowed to start their services in the church of the old monastery of the Augustine Friars. What makes the history of the Dutch Church in London so special is the fact that the church can lay claim to being the oldest institutionalised Dutch protestant church in the world. As such it was a source of inspiration for the protestant church in the Netherlands in its formative years during the sixteenth century. Despite its long history, the Dutch Church is still alive and well today. This article will look at the origin of this church and the challenges it faced and the developments it experienced during the 466 years of its existence.

scholarly journals Dwa kościoły. Budownictwo kultowe w międzywojennych Niemczech jako przestrzeń modernistycznych eksperymentów

Porta Aurea ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 325-346
Author(s):  
Rafał Makała
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The time between WW I and II was a period of intensive development of church architecture in Germany. In the new situation after the defeat in WW I on the wave of Christian renewal movements, the concept of the church as a building corresponding to its functions, as an object expressing the character of religion and the vision of a congregation as a community in modern society was re -formulated. The dynamically developing church architecture was an area of intense experiments (especially in the 1920s.), creating new forms, as well as devising new iconography by Rudolf Schwartz, Otto Bartning, or Dominikus Böhm. The paper draws attention to a certain community of the main antagonized Christian and Protestant denominations on the example of two buildings erected on the eastern periphery of the then Germany (from 1945 constituting the western part of Poland): the Catholic Church of St Anthony in Schneidemühl (now: Piła, Hans Herkommer, 1928–1930) and the Protestant Cross-Church in Stettin (now: Szczecin, Adolf Thesmacher, 1929–1931). The first was built in a small town as a representative seat of the Prelature, a branch of the Catholic Church in the Protestant region, near the then border with (revived again) Poland. The building is a continuation of an innovative and conservative concept realized by Herkommer at the Frauenfriedenskirche in Frankfurt am Main (1927–1929), and is a testimony to the search for forms expressing the rationalist aspirations for the renewal of the Catholic Church, however without abandoning the main principles of the Tradition. For this purpose, Herkommer applies ‘industrial’ forms used in the Bauhaus circle, creating a clearly avant-garde building: not only in the local context of a small border town of eastern Germany, but also in the Catholic tradition of sacred architecture. Hiring an avant-garde architect and using modernist forms was the decision of one man: Monsignor Maximilian Kaller, the leader of the Prelature. The Church of the Cross in Szczecin was raised in a luxurious district of a great Protestant city, so it was the parish church of the Protestant elite. Although built of brick and clearly referring to the tradition of the Gothic architecture of this region, the Church of the Cross also reveals its striving for the maximum reduction of forms and the use of the language of abstraction. When building a Protestant church, Thesmacher resorted to forms applied primarily in Catholic architecture, especially to the forms used by Herkommer. Thesmacher created a facility expressing attachment to the local tradition and manifesting the modernity of the Evangelical church in Pomerania. As a result, both churches are a testimony to functionalist aspirations, although, of course, the functions differed from those on which, for example, the founders of the Bauhaus were focused.

scholarly journals Die oorgeblewe sendingtaak in Suid-Afrika

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-205
Author(s):  
J. J. Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Research Project ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Task ◽  
Contemporary Situation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

The remaining missionary task in South Africa This article is based on the results of a research project of the Institute for Missiological Research at the University of Pretoria which was recently concluded. The author and a team of co-workers researched practically the whole of South Africa in an endeavour to describe the contemporary situation of its population and the unfinished task of the church. The understanding of the missionary task which formed the basis of this project, and a sample of the kind of results obtained are illustrated in this article by means of 12 representative or typical scenarios which together indicate the dimensions of the future task for the South African church.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document